Stroke Engine Research Articles

Effect of Low Heat Rejection on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine

Effect of Low Heat Rejection on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine

An Analysis of Emission Exhaust Gas on 4-Stroke Engine Based on IOT Gas Analyzer

According to the Air Quality Live Index (AQLI), Indonesia's air quality has continued to deteriorate in the last two decades, so Indonesia is officially ranked 17th as the country with the worst air quality in the world. This is due to the population explosion in Indonesia causing industrial activity to also increase. The high levels of exhaust emissions in vehicles, of course, requires the need for technology to measure vehicle exhaust gases to reduce the impact of air pollution. However, the procurement of exhaust emission test equipment is still expensive, so only certain class workshops have this tool. In addition, the reading results of the vehicle's OBD (On Board Diagnostic) system are only able to display the condition or reading value of the Lambda sensor because other gas sensors readings such as CO2, HC, and CO cannot be displayed on the OBD reading results. The purpose of this study is to describe the design of the tool and the results of measuring CO and HC levels through the Blynk application. Research methods that use several gas sensors, such as MQ-7 and TGS-2602 (CO gas) and MQ-2 and TGS-2611 (HC gas), are then compared with the measurement results of a standard gas analyzer. The results showed that the MQ-7 value is close to the accuracy at 1000 rpm and 5000 rpm, namely 99.68% and 99.49%, while the level of accuracy at 3000 rpm is 99.37%. The TGS-2602 sensor at 1000 rpm only has the best accuracy and accuracy, namely 99.67% and 99.77%. The level of accuracy of the MQ-2 sensor has the best value at 1000 rpm rotation, which is 95.71% and the level of accuracy has the highest value at 7000 rpm rotation, which is 100%. For the level of accuracy of the TGS-2611 sensor, it has an accuracy level of 1000 rpm rotation of 94.65% and the level of accuracy of the sensor obtains very good values ​​at 1000 rpm, 7000 rpm, and 9000 rpm rotation of 100%.

Investigation on chlorella Sp. HS2 microalgae growth using CO2 from engine exhaust to study carbon sequestration

A functional method of exploiting engine exhaust waste has been explored in current investigation. In experimentation, a direct injection (DI) 4-stroke diesel engine has been considered. The engine was operated at varying injection pressures and injection timings. The exhaust emissions such as CO2, NO, HC, and CO were determined at different engine load conditions. To capture CO2 emissions at an optimal temperature desired for microalgae cultivation within a designed photobioreactor (PBR) tank, a shell and tube type heat exchanger was designed and operated to cool exhaust gases. Highest volume of CO2 produced through the engine exhaust was used to cultivate Chlorella sp. HS2 microalgae. The results of biomass productivity and growth rate were compared for photobioreactor tanks, one with CO2 supplementation and the other without any external CO2 supply. The results derived in this study depict the effective usage of exhaust gases to harness CO2 in the form of microalgae.

Experimental investigation of emission reduction in 4S diesel engine fueled by coconut oil Methyl Ester(ME) using oxidation inhibitors

As non-renewable fuels become increasingly depleted and the environmental impact of burning petroleum fuels becomes more evident, the search for alternative fuels has intensified. One promising alternative is vegetable oils derived from biomass. However, when utilized in diesel engines, the carbon content and high viscosity of these vegetable oils can cause significantly lower performance and increased smoke emissions. The transesterification process can be utilized to enhance the performance of vegetable oils, which would be a solution to this problem. This research examined the feasibility of using a 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine on ME of coconut oil. The findings shown that diesel engines can function properly when utilizing only coconut oil as fuel.

Experimental studies on performance and emission measures of a 4-stroke compression ignition engine using palm bio-diesel blended with N-butanol

The enormous consumption of energy, stiff increase in oil prices, and customary fuel degradation contribute to massive fuel crises in most of the developed countries. Despite the mild energy disaster and extreme environmental regulations, Diesel engines pose a vital option for automobile vehicles. However, the increased Diesel emissions and the higher labor cost associated to cut down the same make the Bio-diesels blended with N-butanol a better option to resolve the fossil gasoline problems in the future. Hence, the present study highlights the performance and emission measures of a 4-stroke Compression Ignition (CI) engine using N-butanol additive (solvent) with Palm Bio-diesel. Experiments are conducted (i) with only Diesel (ii) with Palm Bio-diesel (in percentages of 10, 15, and 20) mixed with Diesel, and (iii) with N-butanol additive (considered 10% only) to the mixture of Palm Bio-diesel (in percentages of 10, 15, and 20) and Diesel. Experimental analyses are carried out in the same engine using an eddy current dynamometer. The effect of various performance parameters like Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), Brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) on the engine load (varying between 0 and 16 N) is evaluated. On the other hand, different regulated emission measures like Smoke opacity, Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Hydrocarbons (HC) are also evaluated at the same engine loads. The idea is to identify the feasibility and potential benefits of these biofuel blends in the CI engine. Adding 10% N-butanol to Bio-diesel, the HC, CO2, CO, and smoke opacity are reduced to a greater extent. The NOx emissions are also controlled to a larger extent using N-butanol. Again, the BA10 (10% Palm Bio-diesel, 10% N-butanol, and 80% Diesel) has a 2% higher BTE and a 1.33% lower BSFC compared to Diesel and B10 (10% Palm Bio-diesel, and 90% Diesel). The addition of N-butanol to Diesel also helps in reducing the fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and cetane value of blended fuels and can be used as a substitute fuel for Diesel engines.

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI KATALIS Cu-Fe/AL2O3 DAN PANJANG HOUSING CATALYTIC CONVERTER TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN 4 LANGKAH 125 CC

Catalytic Converter is a device that is used to control exhaust gas emissions in the muffler. In the Catalytic Converter there is a media that is a catalyst, where the media is expected to help or accelerate the process of changing a substance (chemical reaction). Generally, the catalysts used today still use noble active metals, such as Platinum (Pt), Palladium (Pd), and Rhodium (Rh), which are low in availability and relatively expensive. Instead, other alternative materials are used, namely active transition metals such as Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe) which are easy to find and have a lower price.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Cu-Fe/Al2O3 composition on the catalytic converter catalyst on the exhaust emissions of a 125cc 4 stroke engine. The research method used is the experimental method by mixing the composition of 10% Cu, 0% Fe, 90% Al2O3; 2.5% Cu, 2.5% Fe, 90% Al2O3; 5% Cu, 5% Fe, 90% Al2O3; 2.5% Cu, 7.5% Fe, 90% Al2O3; 0% Cu, 10% Fe, 90% Al2O3; on the catalyst and housing length variations with sizes of 30 mm, 60 mm.The results of this study indicate that a catalyst with a housing length of 30 mm with a composition of 2.5 Cu – Fe 7.5% can reduce CO gas up to 0.8%. With an average of 1.82% compared to the standard exhaust which has an average of 4.86%, resulting in a decrease in CO gas of 3.06%. Also, there was a decrease in HC gas in the catalyst composition of 0% Cu – 10% Fe which was able to reduce HC gas up to 51 ppm. With an average of 53 ppm compared to the standard exhaust which has an average of 152 ppm, there is a decrease in HC gas of 99 ppm.

Impact of non-edible biodiesel (Juliflora oil seed) on CI engine – Combustion, performance and emission features

Diesel fuel is a major contributor towards the unanimity of world economy growth. The sustainable growth of economy affects slightly by diesel fuel emissions and this small obstacle leading in further carbon footprint. In the context, bio-diesel is an emerging diesel-substitute forefront for combustion engines as their behavior similar to that of diesel fuel. The current study looks into the performance, burning efficiency, and emissions of B100% P.Juliflora biodiesel blends in a CI engines at various load conditions. The engine trials were conducted on a 4-Stroke Solitary-Cylinder engine diesel, with 17.5 as a Compression Ratio, at constant speed of 1500 rpm with water cooled engine. The biodiesel is derived from one of the best and most cost effective transesterification technique. Their fatty acid composition were estimated and derived physical and chemical properties were studied. It is observed that by using P.Juliflora seed oil as a biodiesel fuel gives positive impact on BTE and better emission controls due to their differences in saturation and unsaturation levels of FFA compositions. The experimental test results revealed the following findings: it is evident that P.Juliflora biodiesel shows closer value of Brake thermal performance (BTE) compaed to diesel fuel at partial and marginal load with little increase in BSFC values. The BSFC values for blends B100 is (0.34 kg/KWh) was higher than diesel (0.25 kg/KWh) at full load strokes. Furthermore, low emissions were recorded for HC, Smoke, CO, CO2 with slight increase in NOx emissions. The diesel engine experimental standards and characteristics/properties of Juliflora oil findings were presented in tables and graphically.

High Quality Multi-Zone and 3D CFD Model of Combustion in Marine Diesel Engine Cylinder

Abstract The paper presents a 3D model of the processes taking place in the cylinder of a large 4-stroke marine engine. The model is based on CFD calculations performed on the moving mesh. The modelling range includes the full duty cycle (720° crankshaft position) and the complete geometry of the cylinder with inlet and exhaust ducts. The input data, boundary conditions and validation data were obtained by direct measurements on the real object. Fuel injection characteristics were obtained by Mie scattering measurements in a fixed-volume chamber. The modelling results have been validated in terms of the pressure characteristics of the engine’s cylinder within the entire range of its loads. The mean error did not exceed 1.42% for the maximum combustion pressure and 1.13% for the MIP (Mean Indicated Pressure). The model was also positively validated in terms of the O2 and NOx content of the exhaust gas. The mean error in this case was 1.2% for NOx fractions in the exhaust gas and 0.4% for O2 fractions. The complete model data has been made available in the research data repository on an open access basis.

Topology Optimization in 3D Printed Piston

Abstract: Piston is the main alternating mass of a single cylinder 4 stroke engine and hence contain most of the inertial forces, also modern advancement in the automotive industry for the sake of pollution control and fuel economy many of the techniques such as Downsizing of engine (turbo charging), advance spark ignition, port injection, VVA and many more are adapted and hence results in high specific loading, including thermal and mechanical loads on the several parts of engine. This paper presents the re-designing of the piston, the topology optimization techniques have been used for increasing strength and decreasing mass of the piston which is our main objective. Traditionally pistons were manufactured by casting of aluminum and grey cast iron, aluminum was used in performance oriented vehicles as it was light in weight and have addition thermal properties and also it was easy to manage the inertial forces, whereas cast iron pistons were used in industrial purpose engine (heavy duty engine) today methods are replaced with 3-D printing, as a topology optimized piston cant be manufactured with traditional methods. The procedures in the paper are done for a generalized case and not for a particular so that the same methodology can be implemented in specific cases. Also it will cover a lot about the Material selection and additive manufacturing process used for this specific application.

Comparative Study of Conventional and Generative Design Process

Abstract: This study is a comparison of generative design and traditional design process. A generative design process is an iterative design process that uses Artificial Intelligence to generate a range of design solutions that meet the design constraints. In contrast to the conventional design process, which starts with the engineers' expertise, generative design starts with design parameters and employs AI to develop models. The cooperation of generative plans in the production and assembling departments is preferred by significant businesses nowadays. Therefore, our focus will be on generative design's simpler levels to illustrate how boundary conditions and attributes can be changed to show off contemporary applications. Because of the ease of adjustments, stronger resilience, and fewer defects that occur, generative design has shown to be a big improvement in the machine-producing side of the business. However, the creation and design of models are hampered by the additional complexity of structures. The analysis and generative design of a 4-Stroke engine piston are the subjects of this research. The suggested approach is verified using research that closely mimics a prototype used in practice. The examination's goal is to analyze and describe a comparison of two design processes and establish the advantages and disadvantages of each process and let the end user decide which process will be suitable for their applications

Evaluation of biofuel effect on performance & emissions of a 2-stroke marine diesel engine using on-board measurements

The use of biofuels in the marine industry is attracting interest as a potential mid-term solution towards its decarbonization targets. To study the biofuels effect on engine performance, combustion mechanism and emissions an extended experimental investigation was conducted on a commercial vessel's electronically controlled slow-speed 2-stroke engine. The fuels used were a biofuel blend, B30, comprising 70% Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil and 30% second generation biofuel, gas oil (MGO) and crude oil (HFO). The measurements were conducted according to the International Maritime Organization guidelines. Cylinder pressure measurements were performed and analyzed to derive power, fuel consumption and combustion rate and engine settings. This allowed to isolate the biofuel's effect on performance and emissions. B30 effect on performance and combustion was found minimal without effect on the injection system. Fuel efficiency was minorly impacted. NOx emissions were increased by 7% compared to MGO and 3.5% compared to HFO, remaining compliant to legislation. Use of B30 had minimal effect on CO2 emissions, thus actual benefit lies on the well-to-tank path. It is concluded that the 30% biofuel blend can be used on electronically controlled 2-stroke engines with minimal impact on engine performance, fuel consumption and only small increase of NOx emissions.

Sustainability analysis of spirulina biodiesel and their blends on a diesel engine with energy, exergy and emission (3E’s) parameters

The present study comprises a sustainability analysis of spirulina microalgae biodiesel along with comparative energy-exergy-emission (3E) evaluations of a direct injection, one-cylinder, water-cooled, 4-stroke diesel engine powered with four fuel samples made with diesel, spirulina microalgae biodiesel, and their blends. The fuel samples are designated as SMB0 (0% spirulina biodiesel + 100% diesel), SMB20 (20% spirulina biodiesel + 80% diesel), SMB80 (80% spirulina biodiesel + 20% diesel), and SMB100 (100% spirulina biodiesel + 0% diesel). The distribution of energy in the engine system is analyzed under quarter incremental load from 25% to 100% at 1500 rpm and a compression ratio of 17.5. The fuel samples were considered to be injected at 23° bTDC. Evaluations were made for energy and exergy associated with useful work, cooling water, exhaust gases, and unaccounted parameters along with emission parameters and sustainability of the fuel samples. The study found that around one-third of the input energy is available for useful work, whereas about two-thirds of the entire energy is associated with energy losses. The energy and exergy efficiencies of various fuel samples range from 19.55 to 33.55% and 18.09 to 31.48%, respectively, at various engine loading conditions, with a sustainability index of 1.419 to 1.459. The emissions were reduced by up to 28.09% with spirulina biodiesel. The study found that the sustainability index of spirulina biodiesel approaches that of diesel and have the potential to replace conventional fuels.

Expected Health Benefits as the Ultimate Outcome of Information Available on Stroke Engine, a Knowledge Translation Stroke Rehabilitation Website: Web-Based Survey.

Electronic knowledge resources are readily available and typically target different audiences, including health professionals and the public, that is, those with lived experience and their relatives. The knowledge-to-action framework, in combination with the information assessment method (IAM), considering both the value-of-information construct and the conceptual model of acquisition-cognition-application, can be used to support the evaluation process of such resources. As an example, Stroke Engine is an evidence-based knowledge translation resource in stroke rehabilitation (assessments and interventions) for health professionals and students as well as individuals who have sustained a stroke and their relatives. According to Google Analytics, the website is perused >10,000 times per week. With the overall aim to improve the content available on Stroke Engine, we documented Stroke Engine users' perceptions of situational relevance, cognitive impact, intention to use, and expected patient and health benefits regarding the information consulted. A web-based survey anchored in the IAM was made available via an invitation tab. The IAM is a validated questionnaire that is designed to assess the value of information. Sociodemographic characteristics were also collected, and a space for free-text comments was provided. Descriptive statistics were used, and thematic analysis was used for the free-text comments. The sample consisted of 6634 respondents. Health professionals (3663/6634, 55.22%) and students (2784/6634, 41.97%) represented 97.18% (6447/6634) of the total responses. The remaining 2.82% (187/6634) of the responses were from individuals who had sustained a stroke (87/6634, 1.31%) and their relatives (100/6634, 1.51%). Regarding situational relevance, assessments (including selecting, obtaining, and interpreting results from a test) was the main topic searched by health professionals (1838/3364, 54.64%) and students (1228/2437, 50.39%), whereas general information on stroke rehabilitation was the top-ranked topic for nearly two-thirds of the individuals with stroke (45/76, 59%) and their relatives (57/91, 63%). Cognitive impact was characterized by learning something new. Intention to use was high (4572/6379, 71.67%) among the respondents and varied in context (eg, refine a topic, research, class assignments, teaching, and education). Respondents commented on ways to improve content. Expected patient and health benefits such as improvement in health and well-being was the top-ranked category for all 4 subgroups, followed by the avoidance of unnecessary or inappropriate treatment for health professionals (183/623, 29.4%) and a feeling of being reassured for individuals with stroke (26/75, 35%) and their relatives (28/97, 29%). Valuable feedback on Stroke Engine was obtained in terms of its accessibility, relevance for informational needs and retrieval, accuracy, and applicability; however, of utmost importance is the potential implementation of its evidence-based content in clinical practice and the perceived expected impact on patients, their relatives, and their health professionals. The feedback received allowed for corrections and the identification of key topics for further development.

Study of ammonia oxidation with ozone addition

The effect of O3 addition on NH3 oxidation was investigated experimentally and through chemical kinetic modeling. Experiments were conducted in a laminar flow reactor at atmospheric pressure and temperatures in the range 225–1000 °C. A detailed reaction mechanism for the NH3-O2-O3 system was developed, and modeling predictions were compared to the flow reactor data. Interpretation of the experimental results was complicated by the formation of ammonium nitrate in the low-temperature inlet and outlet sections of the reactor setup. However, results showed that ammonia oxidation is promoted in the presence of ozone, at the cost of increased formation of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide. Considering the experimental uncertainty, the kinetic modeling was in satisfactory agreement with experiment. The reactivity of the system was controlled by the competition between thermal dissociation of O3 (promoting) and reactions of O3 with the radical pool (inhibiting). A key step was NH2 + O3, which presumably forms H2NO + O2 and serves as a terminating reaction. Modeling predictions under realistic conditions in large 2-stroke diesel engines indicate that the levels of O3 required to obtain sufficiently fast ignition of NH3/air/O3 mixtures are prohibitively large.

Sustainability evaluation of a heavy-duty diesel engine used in railways

Heavy-duty diesel engines are essential power units for the Rail and Maritime transportation of people and goods. They are inevitable and consume large amounts of petroleum base fuel, producing substantial emissions. Since they are very bulky and costly to run and maintain, their performance, efficiency, and sustainability data are scarce, also. They are stationary constant-speed engines. Their efficiency values are relatively higher than conventional diesel engines. However, with newer pre and post-injections and fumigation techniques, those engines have significant room for improvement. This study thermodynamically examined a 16-cylinder, 4-stroke, and 90lt heavy-duty diesel engine with 1700 kW rated power output at 1500 rpm. Analyzes were performed on four different same-type engines archive data, obtained by permission, including different speeds and load conditions. Mean energetic and exergetic efficiency values were 12.84% and 11.92% at idling speeds of 650 rpm, 32.00%, and 29.70% at 1000 rpm, 31.35% and 29.10% at 1200 rpm, and 31.35% and 29.09% at the maximum speed of 1500 rpm. The waste-exergy ratio was 71%, the exergy destruction factor 45.5, the environmental effect factor was to be 2.44, and the exergetic sustainability index 0.41.

선박 추진용 2행정 저속엔진의 고장모드 데이터 개발 및 LSTM 알고리즘을 활용한 특성인자 신뢰성 검증연구

In the 4th industrial revolution, changes in the technological paradigm have had a direct impact on the maintenance system of ships. The 2-stroke low speed engine system integrates with the core equipment required for propulsive power. The Condition Based Management (CBM) is defined as a technology that predictive maintenance methods in existing calender-based or running time based maintenance systems by monitoring the condition of machinery and diagnosis/prognosis failures. In this study, we have established a framework for CBM technology development on our own, and are engaged in engineering-based failure analysis, data development and management, data feature analysis and pre-processing, and verified the reliability of failure mode DB using LSTM algorithms. We developed various simulated failure mode scenarios for 2-stroke low speed engine and researched to produce data on onshore basis test_beds. The analysis and pre-processing of normal and abnormal status data acquired through failure mode simulation experiment used various Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques to feature extract not only data on the performance and efficiency of 2-stroke low speed engine but also key feature data using multivariate statistical analysis. In addition, by developing an LSTM classification algorithm, we tried to verify the reliability of various failure mode data with time-series characteristics.

Optimization of diesel engine performance and emission using waste plastic pyrolytic oil by ANN and its thermo-economic assessment.

The current study focuses on the engine performance and emission analysis of a 4-stroke compression ignition engine powered by waste plastic oil (WPO) obtained by the catalytic pyrolysis of medical plastic wastes. This is followed by their optimization study and economic analysis. This study demonstrates the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast a multi-component fuel mixture, which is novel and reduces the amount of experimental effort required to determine the engine output characteristics. The engine tests were conducted using WPO blended diesel at various proportions (10%, 20%, 30% by volume) to acquire the required data for training the ANN model, which enables better prediction for the engine performance by making use of the standard back-propagation algorithm. Considering supervised data obtained from repeated engine tests, an artificial intelligence-based model of ANN was designed to select different parameters of performance and emission as output layers; at the same time, engine loading and different blending ratios of the test fuels were taken as the input layers. The ANN model was built up making use of 80% of testing outcomes for training. The ANN model forecasted engine performance and exhaust emission with regression coefficients (R) at 0.989-0.998 intervals and a mean relative error from 0.002 to 0.348%. Such results illustrated the effectiveness of the ANN model for estimating emissions and the performance of diesel engines. Moreover, the economic viability of the use of 20WPO as an alternative to diesel was justified by thermo-economic analysis.

Energy-specific greenhouse gas emissions measurements from 2-stroke marine diesel engine using liquefied natural gas

This study reports the energy specific air emissions from a diesel-cycle high pressure injection dual fuel engine for operation on liquefied natural gas and heavy fuel oil. An experiment at sea was performed onboard a bulk carrier during commercial voyages, to measure the efficiency of the engine and to measure air emissions relevant to air pollution and climate impact for operation on both fuels. The measurements showed that the energy conversion efficiency of the engine was higher for operation on liquefied natural gas because its lower NOx emissions permitted the use of a higher effective compression ratio whilst meeting the same NOx emissions level. The results showed that the climate impact for operation on heavy fuel oil was 2.1–2.3 times higher than for liquefied natural gas at 50% load, if considering only the emissions occurring at the engine. Analysis of the air emissions for their individual contributions to climate impacts suggested that black carbon had the strongest climate impact of all air emissions in the case of operation on heavy fuel oil. For operation on liquefied natural gas, CO2 had the strongest individual climate impact amongst the air emissions from the engine.

Emission control using Carbon Silencer

: For the purpose of mitigating emission and noise in an automotive exhaust system, a carbon silencer is utilized. It is assembled using a perforated hollow metal tube, external casing, activated charcoal and a solution of limestone. The engine's exhaust pipe is connected to the carbon silencer. The hazardous sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides elements generated by the engine are filtered by activated charcoal. Compared to sound produced in a traditional silencer, sound produced within limestone water is less audible. This is primarily due to little sprockets in water molecules, which reduces its amplitude and hence the sound level. Due to the presence of activated charcoal which has more surface area than regular charcoal it is known as Carbon Silencer. When tested in a single cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine, the noise and smoke levels are significantly lower compared to a typical silencer. Automobiles contribute the majority of pollutants, which include carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and lead. Other sources include electric power plants, industrial and household fuel usage, trash burning, and industrial processes. Carbon silencers are used to decrease emissions and noise

Energy and exergy analysis with emissions evaluation of a gasoline engine using different fuels

Petroleum-based fuels are used extensively as a result of the rising energy demands. Studies on fuels that will replace these fuels are now ongoing. In this study, performance, emission values of 4 different fuels at 4 different torque values were evaluated, and energy and exergy analyses were done utilizing combinations of gasoline, natural gas, and methanol. The tests employed a Lombardini LGW 523 2-cylinder 4-stroke engine. Four different fuels (gasoline, gasoline plus 50 g of natural gas, M20, and M20 plus 50 g of natural gas) were tested at a constant 3000 rpm with four different torque values (5, 10, 15, 20). In tests, it produced the lowest specific fuel consumption and the best emissions when combined with 50 g of natural gas fuel. The purpose of this study was to show that as torque increased, values for fuel, network, exhaust, absorption water, and energy destruction increased, while rates of lost energy decreased and rates of energy destruction increased. With an increase in torque values, all fuel types’ first and second law efficiencies increased in the energy and exergy analysis. The combination of 50 g/h of natural gas fuel and gasoline produced the best results.