Stroke Diesel Engine Research Articles

Experimental Investigation on Magnetic Conditioning of Diesel to enhance the Performance and Emissions of DI Diesel engine

The aim of the current research presents an experimental work for the insertion of Neodymium N52 grade permanent magnets with various Gauss intensity (6000, 8000, 10,000 and 12,000), fixed on fuel line before the fuel injector of single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine to find its performance, and emissions. By the insertion of permanent magnets, the diesel atomizes into tiny droplets due to de-clustering the hydrocarbon molecules. Which makes the fuel actively, mixes with the oxygen, cause complete combustion inside the engine cylinder. The experimental results showed that with the application of magnets on fuel lines an improvement in performance, combustion and exhaust emissions. The experimental results with magnetic fuel conditioning shown that brake thermal efficiency increases 7.2%, where as the brake specific fuel consumption decreases between (9.6 - 19.3) %, the higher value of 19.3% reduction rate was found in 12,000 Gauss field intensity. The emissions of Carbon monoxide and Hydrocarbons were reduced by 13.33%, 15% respectively. The overall engine performance, combustion and emissions with the magnetic fuel conditioning were improved.

Experimental investigation on noise and vibrations of biodiesel-butanol blends for diesel engine

Diesel engines have extensively used several developing countries to produce electricity. This is done in various sizes, small and medium, which are driven by millions of diesel engine generators. These engines or generators produce vibrations and noisy and pollute the air. Thus, an alternative to diesel is needed for such applications. Turpentine-diesel fuel mixture is one such alternative. However, there have not many efforts made so far to evaluate noise and vibration characteristics. This study is done to try filling the gap and comprehensively investigate the use of Turpentine-diesel mixed fuels. This experiment uses a single-cylinder-4- stroke diesel engine operated at different rpm speeds and engine loads. Detailed measurements are made for engine noise and vibration. This measurement is used to connect the reciprocity of engine noise and vibration. The relationship of chemical parameters and physical properties to the tested fuel explored. The test results using turpentine-diesel fuel show the vibration and noise characteristics better for the upper-middle load. The correlation between noise and vibration characteristics of the test fuel has a strong relationship. This study has provided a detailed phenomenological explanation of the nature of the fuel. Finally, turpentine blends are a viable alternative to diesel fuel, especially in diesel engines

Evaluation of animal fat based biodiesel blends and effects of exhaust gas recirculation on the suitable blend in single cylinder four stroke diesel engine

ABSTRACT An experimental study is carried out to evaluate the effects of animal fat biodiesel blends with diesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for the suitable biodiesel blend selected on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics in single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine. Animal fat biodiesel (AFB100) is prepared through the transesterification process. Diesel fuel is mixed with animal fat biodiesel and the animal fat-based biodiesel blends are prepared such as AFBB20, AFBB40, and AFBB60. Few important properties for the prepared blends are found and tabulated in table 1. In this investigation, AFBB20 yields better performance and emission characteristics compared to other tested biodiesel blends. Increasing NOx emissions is not good for the environment and creates health issues. To reduce the NOx emission for the selected blend AFBB20, the EGR technique is applied by 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, and investigates in the same engine. In the EGR investigation, lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher BTE are found in 10% EGR. Lowered CO and UHC emissions are found in EGR 10%. Compared to 0% EGR, drastic reduction in NOx emission is found by 16.5% and 17.5% reduced smoke emission is found in 10% EGR rate compared to AFBB20. Abbreviations: BSFC: Brake specific fuel consumption; BTE: Brake thermal efficiency; CO: carbon monoxide; UHC: unburned hydrocarbons; NOx: nitrogen oxides; EGT: Exhaust gas temperature; CP: Cylinder Pressure; HRR: Heat release rate; bTDC: Before top dead center; aTDC: after top dead center; ppm: parts per million; IC: internal combustion engine; CI: compression ignition; EGR: exhaust gas recirculation; DAQ: data acquisition system; PD 100: Petro diesel; AFBB: Animal fat biodiesel blends; AFB100: animal fat biodiesel; AFBB20 (PD 80% + AFB 20% by volume),; AFBB40 (PD 60% + AFB 40% by volume) AFBB60 (PD 40% + AFB 60% by volume)

Evaluation of Diethyl Ether (DEE) as a Renewable Transport Fuel in Sudan

This study was conducted to investigate physicochemical properties, copper corrosion test and test the diesel engine performance of diethyl ether diesel blend fuel. With aid of distillation characteristic, the blends percentage were selected as DEE5%, DEE10, DEE15 and DEE20%. Stabinger Viscometer apparatus was used to determine the Kinematic viscosities, Digital Density Analyzer was used to determine the densities. ASTM D 4737 – 03 Test Method are used to determined calculated Cetane index. Copper strip corrosion device was used to determine corrosiveness of copper from diesel and DEE diesel blends. A single cylinder, four stroke diesel engines, mounted on a moving frame was used to conduct the engine test. From the study result we found that that blends physicochemical properties improved with diethyl ether ratio increased in the blends. While Cetane Index increased with diethyl ether ratio increased. At the higher load, the best result of Break thermal efficiency found at DEE10%, where at the low load, the best mechanical efficiency found at DEE5%, DEE15% and DEE20 and at the higher load, the best mechanical efficiency found at DEE20%, on other hand at the low load, the best specific fuel consumption found at DEE15%, While at the higher load the best specific fuel consumption found at DEE10%. Due to availability of diethyl ether in Sudan, diethyl ether can be used up to 10% in diesel blend with no further changed in diesel engine design, and this can be contributed to overcome the diesel fuel crisis in Sudan, but further information and studies are needed for diethyl ether transportation and blending facilities, beside study the effect the addition of diethyl ether on diesel price.

Evaluation of Diethyl Ether (DEE) as a Renewable Transport Fuel in Sudan

This study was conducted to investigate physicochemical properties, copper corrosion test and test the diesel engine performance of diethyl ether diesel blend fuel. With aid of distillation characteristic, the blends percentage were selected as DEE5%, DEE10, DEE15 and DEE20%. Stabinger Viscometer apparatus was used to determine the Kinematic viscosities, Digital Density Analyzer was used to determine the densities. ASTM D 4737 – 03 Test Method are used to determined calculated Cetane index. Copper strip corrosion device was used to determine corrosiveness of copper from diesel and DEE diesel blends. A single cylinder, four stroke diesel engines, mounted on a moving frame was used to conduct the engine test. From the study result we found that that blends physicochemical properties improved with diethyl ether ratio increased in the blends. While Cetane Index increased with diethyl ether ratio increased. At the higher load, the best result of Break thermal efficiency found at DEE10%, where at the low load, the best mechanical efficiency found at DEE5%, DEE15% and DEE20 and at the higher load, the best mechanical efficiency found at DEE20%, on other hand at the low load, the best specific fuel consumption found at DEE15%, While at the higher load the best specific fuel consumption found at DEE10%. Due to availability of diethyl ether in Sudan, diethyl ether can be used up to 10% in diesel blend with no further changed in diesel engine design, and this can be contributed to overcome the diesel fuel crisis in Sudan, but further information and studies are needed for diethyl ether transportation and blending facilities, beside study the effect the addition of diethyl ether on diesel price.

Experimental Investigation of Exhaust Temperature of Four stroke Diesel engine by using Multi walled Nano Tube as a coolant

Experimental Investigation of Exhaust Temperature of Four stroke Diesel engine by using Multi walled Nano Tube as a coolant

Experimental investigations of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine using modified piston bowl fuelled with Jojoba biodiesel blend

This investigation deals with the influence of squish on the piston bowl in single cylinder 4 S compressed ignition engine fuelled with jojoba biodiesel and its effect on performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The squish area and its corresponding velocity are varied by changing the piston bowl cross-section without altering the piston bowl volume so as to obtain improved performance, emission and combustion characteristics. The velocity and squish effects are analyzed using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for the standard piston. The results obtained are compared with the modified piston having an octagonal bowl shape in the piston combustion chamber. The performance and combustion characteristics like brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and pressure vs. crank angle and heat release rate are studied. Also, emission parameters such as (carbon monoxide), HC (hydrocarbons) and NOx (oxides of nitrogen) were measured from the tail end of the exhaust pipe. The objective of this work to optimize the combustion chamber geometries using octagonal bowl combustion chamber and the results are compared with the standard hemispherical combustion chamber. A significant increase in brake thermal efficiency is noticed for octagonal piston bowl. There is a reduction in HC, CO which are seen while using octagonal bowl piston compared with the standard piston.

Stellite alloy coating on the valves of a four stroke diesel engine

Due to the depleting resources of petro fuels and the emission of hazardous gases, alternative fuels have found a prominent place in the recent times. The thermal barrier coating has a property in heat resistance. In the present study, Stellite 6 material is mostly used for coating the inlet and the exhaust valves of a single cylinder four stroke DI diesel engine. The waste fish fry oil was transesterified and neat biodiesel was prepared. Two test fuels were prepared by blending the diesel with biodiesel. Here DI diesel engine is used for testing the test fuel for the analysis of performance and emission characteristics.

Experimental investigation on single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine using nanofluids as a coolant to compact the system

Recent power sectors associated with an internal combustion engine had a crucial challenge to reduce the size and weight of the thermal management system of internal combustion engines. This work aims to reduce the size and weight of the internal combustion engine cooling system by utilizing particular types of working medium as a coolant in place of traditional ones. In this study, the effects of water base CuO nano-coolant on cooling performance, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, etc. of single-cylinder water-cooled diesel engines have been investigated. The two-step method was used to prepare five different weight concentrations (i.e. 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% & 1.5%) of water-based CuO nano-coolants. The purpose of this study is to examine the heat loss in cooling media and effects of heat loss in cooling media on engine performance under different load conditions with water based CuO nanofluid. The increment of fuel consumption, decrement of brake thermal efficiency, and enhancement of cooling performance are the functions of % weight concentrations of nanofluid. The experimental results showed that, at pick load condition, the cooling performance was increased by 15.53%, 20.71%, 30.86%, 36.39%, and 42.22% for the addition of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5% weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles with pure water, respectively. From the experimental results, it was observed that 0.75 wt% CuO/water nanofluid is the best nano-coolant because the engine consumed more fuel and produced low efficiency at high % weight concentrations of nanoparticles. This effect creates the chance of reducing the water jacket area for a constant heat transfer which makes a lighter cooling system.

Experimental investigation on diesel engine through n-Butanol blend biodiesel

N-Butanol may be considered as the future replacement to ethanol due to its lower latent heat of vaporization, low level of impurities and higher heating value than diesel. These properties motivated researchers to perform the experiments in this field in the search of alternative fuels. In the current work an experimental investigation on single-cylinder four stroke diesel engine charged up with n–Butanol blends and pure diesel were used to predict the performance parameter without modification in the engine. In this experimental investigation, N-Butanol was added to diesel with known percentages to enhance the performance of a diesel engine. The blends of n- Butanol biodiesel and diesel fuel were mixed as in the percentage of 95% diesel with 5% n-Butanol as B5, 90% diesel with 10% n-Butanol as B10, 85% diesel with 15% n-Butanol as B15 and 80% diesel with 20% n-Butanol as B20 respectively. Results showed that when the percentage of the blend of n-butanol blend increased to 20% at 16 kg load then Brake thermal efficiency were increased to 30.33% and Brake specific fuel consumption were deceased 16.7% at 16 kg load simultaneously. The results of the experimental study can be further utilized to carry out a similar investigation with various blends of Biodiesel.

Extraction of biodiesel from tung seed oil and evaluating the performance and emission studies on 4-stroke CI engine

Diesel is getting consumed at rates in which it will get exhausted in coming years and hence an alternative to this has to be found as fast as possible. Biodiesel, which is obtained by transesterification is the key source which can be used as a substitution which has proved its ability to be an excellent alternative, less harmful, biodegradable and renewable. The present increase in energy crises because of continuous usage of scanty fossil fuels has directly resulted in the increase of global prices of crude petroleum and is bound to affect the economy of every country in the world including India, where majority of the edible oils are still being foreign and thus it's even to search out the chance of victimization the non-edible oils in engines that aren't used for change of state functions. Hence, this study on extracting tung biodiesel form raw tung oil by using sodium hydroxide as catalyst in transesterification and study the obtained biodiesel by testing it in diesel engine is undertaken.Tung oil also called as china wood oil selected may have a potential to become an alternative fuel to replace other bio-fuels used along with diesel oil and hence the effort will be made to determine the performance and combustion characteristics of blends of Tung Biodiesel with diesel and its effect on environment of these using a single cylinder four – stroke diesel engine are going to be studied.

Comparison of Conventional and Advanced Exergy Analysis for Dual-Loop Organic Rankine Cycle used in Engine Waste Heat Recovery

At present, the dual-loop organic Rankine cycle (DORC) is regarded as an important solution to engine waste heat recovery (WHR). Compared with the conventional exergy analysis, the advanced exergy analysis can better describe the interactions between system components and the irreversibility caused by economic or technical limitations. In order to systematically study the thermodynamic performance of DORC, the conventional and advanced exergy analyses are compared using an inline 6-cylinder 4-stroke turbocharged diesel engine. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis is implemented to further investigate the influence of operating parameters on avoidable-endogenous exergy destruction. The analysis result of conventional exergy analysis demonstrates that the priorities for the components that should be improved are in order of the high-temperature evaporator, the low-temperature turbine, the first low-temperature evaporator and the high-temperature condenser. The advanced exergy analysis result suggests that the avoidable exergy destruction values are the highest in the low-temperature turbine, the high-temperature evaporator and the high-temperature turbine because they have considerable endogenous-avoidable exergy destruction. The sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the evaporation pinch point and raising the turbine efficiency can decrease the avoidable exergy destruction.

Ammonia Assisted Combustion in 4-Stroke Diesel Engines

Ammonia Assisted Combustion in 4-Stroke Diesel Engines

Artificial Neural Network based prediction of a direct injected diesel engine performance and emission characteristics powered with biodiesel

In this assessment, the ANN (Artificial Neural Network) offers the display of a diesel engine using biodiesel fuel to predict engine emissions and overall performance. In order to collect training and testing data for the planned ANN, a single-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine will be powered with biodiesel and diesel fuel varieties and will be run at variable load at stable engine rpm. Preliminary outcomes revealed that blends of biodiesel offer higher performance of an engine and enhanced emission qualities. An ANN model was progressed to be envisioning a relationship between brake thermal performance and exhaust emanations, such as carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke intensity, the utilization of biodiesel-diesel blends and loads as input data. Approximately 70% of the overall experimental data was used for training, while 30% was used for testing. In this model, the standard Back-Propagation algorithm for the engine was used. It revealed that the ANN model can predict the engine output and exhaust emissions quite well with a regression coefficient lying closer to one, While the mean square error (MSE) was found to be very low.

Analysis of performance, combustion and emission parameters in di diesel engine by using mahua methyl ester along with nano metal additives titanium dioxide

Current scenario is look at Non conventional alternative fuel source to decrease its dependence on the foreign import of various oils. Amongst all alternative fuel offered Mahua oil, in which is changed to bio - diesel by means of transesterification process. The adding up of nano-metal additive to biodiesel during a variety of form considerably improves the properties and it contributes to improved behaviour of diesel engine by reduced emission. The experimental work is done to found the behavior, combustion and emission characteristic in the diesel-engine by means of Biodiesel fuels and Nano-metal Additives Titanium Dioxide. The Bio diesel is prepared by transesterification processes, then powder metal oxide is converted in to nano form by means of ball milling, CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide) is taken as cationic agent, then known quantity of TiO2 and CTAB Nano metal additives is mixed with the base fluid Mahua oil Methyl Ester (MOME) which is the biodiesel by Ultrasonication process. The blend which is obtained is tested by single cylinder four stroke diesel engines and can be noted that the adding of nano metal additive in the bio diesel improves the behavior, combustion and the emission characteristics of diesel-engine.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four Stroke Diesel Engine Using Sesame Biodiesel Blends with Addition of TiO2 Nano-Particles

Rising demand for fuel in various applications will now pose a major risk in terms of global emissions levels. Taking this issue into consideration takes significant attention. Hence the production of alternating fuels is required. Bio-diesel is environmentally friendly fuel consisting of fatty acid alkyl esters. This experimental study includes a comparative analysis to determine the effect of nano additives and their performance characteristics. The theme of the research is the combination of sesame oil biodiesel with titanium dioxide (TiO2), a metal-based nanoparticle with diesel to investigate its effects on the performance of diesel engines. Different fuel blend ratios with TiO2 nanoparticles, ethanol and biodiesel have been developed. Test fuels were diesel (D100) and biodiesel blends like B10, B20 and B30. Thermo-physical characteristics of all test fuels have been calculated and the engine output parameters, such as torque, power, fuel consumption, etc., were examined. The impact has also been realized on pollutants such as CO, CO2, HC, NOX and smoke ability.

Performance and emission analysis in four stroke diesel engine using biodiesel blends as fuel

In the present world it is essential to find an alternate fuel source due to the increased industrialization and depletion in natural resources. The method of obtaining biodiesel from various sources and blending them with diesel is adopted in many economically developed and developing countries around the world. This paper investigates the utilization of Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester (PPME) blends with diesel in CI engine. The performance and emission characteristics of pongamia with diesel with B40 could substitute in the place of pure diesel and be used as an alternate source of fuel in the near future, thus saving the natural resources for the future generation. Performance parameter like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency, brake power is evaluated.

Experimental study on utilizing peel oil, diesel and ignition-enhancer blends as fuel for diesel engine

ABSTRACT In this study, oil derived from cassava peel waste (CPO) was blended with Petroleum-Diesel (PD) at various concentrations of to assist the ignition behavior of a 4-stroke diesel engine. Further, the Di-methyl-carbonate (DMC), an ignition-enhancer is blended to CPO for reducing the NO emission with noteworthy improvement in the engine performance of CPO. Emission, performance, and combustion characteristics were calculated at different conditions (1.1−5.5 BP) with different blends of CPO/PD/DMC blends and compared with PD. The performance parameters such as BSFC and BTE have been improved extensively for CPO/PD blends than neat PD by 0.9% and 1.4% respectively, and the emission parameters such as smoke (2.7%), CO (1.4%), HC (1.1%) emissions lowered excluding NO emission. Adding DMC to CPO lowered the overall NO emissions by 1.9%. The combustion patterns confirmed that the HRR and ICP of CPO/PD are higher than PD due to improved physic-chemical properties of DMC/CPO/PD blends. Abbreviations DMC: Di-methyl-carbonate; CPO: cassava peel oil; PD: Petroleum Diesel; CPO25PD75: 25% Cassava Peel Oil with and 75% Diesel; CPO50PD50: 50% Cassava Peel Oil with and 50% Diesel; CPO75PD25: 75% Cassava Peel Oil with and 25% Diesel; CPO90DMC10: 90% Cassava Peel Oil with and 10% DMC; HRR: Heat Release Rate; BSFC: Brake Specific Fuel Consumption; HC: Hydrocarbon emission; NOX: Oxides of Nitrogen emission; CO: Carbon monoxide; BTE: Brake Thermal Efficiency

Performance and Emission Characteristics of VCR Diesel Engine with Pre Heated Lemon Grass Biodiesel as Fuel

Under this experimental analysis the lemon grass oil was considered, it’s converted into biodiesel as lemon grass biodiesel methyl ester (LGB) through transesterification process. The Kirloskar TV1 was used as the reference fuel in the fuel injection system 4-stroke diesel engine. The lemon grass biodiesel methyl ester (LGB B20) blend B20 is selected because it nearest to the diesel value. The lemon grass biodiesel is preheated at 60°C temperature that is (LGB B20 preheating @ 60°C). The results of the test showed that LGB B20 kinematic viscosity and density gradually decreased with fuel temperature rise. The performance characteristics of Preheating biodiesel is increased the BTE and slightly reduce the BSFC at noted in the full load condition. And the emission characteristics at full load condition of CO, HC and smoke density as decreased, it was observed slight increase of NOx emission.

Effect of scavenge port angles on flow distribution and performance of swirl-loop scavenging in 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine

Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles αgeom and βgeom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, αgeom value of 27° and βgeom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent.