1M HCl Research Articles

Pomegranate arils extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel: effect of concentration and temperature in hydrochloric acid

Corrosion inhibitors generated from plants and organic compounds are critical for achieving a greener environment. In this work we investigated the corrosion inhibition of pomegranate arils extract (PAE) for mild steel in 1M HCl by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and profilometry measurements. The effects of PAE concentration (100, 200, 400 mg l–1) and temperature (298, 313, and 333 K) on the PAE inhibition efficiency were evaluated. Polarization measurements revealed that PAE was a mixed anodic-cathodic inhibitor. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was around 74% at a PAE concentration of 400 mg l–1 at 298K. However, at 333 K, the corrosion current density in the solution containing 400 mg l–1 of PAE was measured to be 1.28 mA cm−2, which was higher than that in the blank solution (0.92 mA cm−2). This increase in corrosion rate at 333 K demonstrates the negative influence of high temperatures on PAE inhibition efficiency. The PAE green inhibitor was discovered to have a physical adsorption characteristic and to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Controlling C-steel dissolution in 1 M HCl solution using newly synthesized ρ-substituted imine derivatives: Theoretical (DFT and MCs) and experimental investigations

• ρ- substituted imines as C-steel corrosion inhibitor. • Δ N of SB-OCH 3 is higher than SB-CH 3 . • SB-OCH 3 enhances the R ct of C-steel to 374.9 Ω.cm 2 . • Adsorption type of tested imine compounds was physicosorption. • SB-OCH 3 resisted C-steel corrosion under severe conditions. Corrosion is an inevitable process, but its control is the goal of the researchers using organic inhibitors. So, newly successfully prepared ρ-substituted imine compounds namely;( E )- N,N -dimethyl1-4-((tolylimino)methyl)aniline (SB-CH 3 ) and ( E )-4 (((4methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)- N,N -dimethylaniline (SB-OCH 3 ) have been fabricated to control the C-steel dissolution in 1M HCl. Hammett concept and theoretical calculated parameters were applied to predict the adsorption affinity of the prepared imine derivatives and the laboratory gravimetric and electrochemical tests accompanied with surface analysis tools were conducted to confirm these predictions. The fabricated imine compounds suppressed the C-steel reaction with efficacy of more than 90 %. The SB-OCH 3 exhibited higher adsorption affinity than SB-CH 3 and they acted as hydride C-steel corrosion inhibitors and followed Langmuir isotherm. The Δ G a d s * values of C-steel reactions in presence of these compounds were around -37 kJmol −1 . The inhibition performance of SB-CH 3 and SB-OCH 3 was function in their concentrations, molecular weight, and solution temperature. SB-CH 3 and SB-OCH 3 suppressed C-steel reaction at high temperature and the SB-OCH 3 showed highest efficiency (76.8%) at 60 °C. The activated thermodynamic parameters of C-steel reaction in existence and nonexistence of 1 × 10 −3 M imine compounds were calculated and discussed. The comparison findings with the previously published compounds confirmed the superiority of the understudied imine derivatives.

The Impacts of HCl Concentration and Length of Time to Mesocarp in Producing of Bioethanol

Studies about renewable energy are evolved continuously to decrease the needs of fuel oils that were diminished. One of the alternative energy sources that can be evolved is bioethanol due to the high amount of oxygen component in it hence it can be combustible and eco-friendly. Mesocarp is farming and trading waste of Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) that contains 40% lignin, 44,4% cellulose, and 15% hemicellulose. Delignification is a process of removing lignin from the materials thus it can produce the high purity of cellulose. As long as this, there were numerous studies that researched about lignocellulose biomass, however the least studies researched the impact of using delignification. Thereby, this study was done for figuring out the impact of HCl concentration and length of time to the decreased lignin content and the quality of bioethanol. The points of impacts that being focused on were 1M, 2M, and 3M HCl concentration, whereas the points of length of time impacts were about 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes. The decreased lignin content that was obtained is about 18,5% and the finest bioethanol is 97,38 %, 15oC for flash point, 3,8402 cPs for viscosity, and 0,8252 gr/cm3 for density from delignification using 3M HCl for about 150 minutes. Greater HCl concentration to delignification, greater quality of bioethanol that is produced, therefore can be applied to alternative fuel oils for vehicle.

Aquatic macrophytes (Spirogyra porticalis and Nymphaea L.) as substrates for biofuel production: potentials and challenges

Green fuel represents one of the most promising means of sustainably replacing liquid fuels, and freshwater macrophytes has become one of the auspicious substrates for biofuel production due to high cellulose and hemicellulose contents. In this study, the use of Spirogyra porticalis and Nymphaea alba Linn for biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas production was investigated with other feedstocks (rice husk and biochar) using dry and wet extraction methods. Spirogyra porticalis and Nymphaea alba Linn were harvested from a freshwater lake in Ndufu Echara in Ikwo Local Government, Ebonyi State, Nigeria and thoroughly washed. Biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas production by an alkali-catalysed transesterification using mechanical and chemical methods, acid and base simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and anaerobic digestion was carried out, respectively. Results showed that freshwater macrophytes produced more biodiesel compared to rice husk and biochar. S. porticalis and Nymphaea L. yielded higher biodiesel using chemical and mechanical methods, respectively. Quality evaluation of the diesel oil according to ASTM standard revealed that chemical method was the most proficient for biodiesel production because of its proximity to ASTM D6751 standard. For bioethanol, acid hydrolysis (1M HCl) produced more bioethanol than the base (1M NaOH) with Nymphaea L. yielding 60% ethanol. However, the macrophytes did not generate biogas after 30-d of anaerobic digestion compared to other feedstocks. Further analysis revealed sample acidification and inhibitions on the anaerobes responsible for anaerobic digestion (p<0.05). This suggests that acidification and/or toxicity may be a major factor associated with anaerobic digestion and biogas production from aquatic macrophytes. Thus, optimization and/or combined pre-treatment methods (biological, mechanical, enzymatic) are recommended. This suggests that Spirogyra porticalis and Nymphaea alba Linn could be major substrates for biofuel production, and tropical freshwater ecosystems can be good for their large-scale cultivation

Comparative study on electrochemical corrosion behavior of boronized X52 steel in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 solutions

This paper investigates the effect of boronizing treatment on the corrosion resistance of API X52 steel. Borides were grown on API X52 steel in a powder mixture containing 5% B4C as a boron source, 5% NaBF4 as an activator, and 90% SiC as diluents for 4 hours at 950 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the sample's boride layer contains only Fe2B phases. The corrosion behavior of borided and unborided specimens was investigated using the Tafel extrapolation method in 1M HCl and H2SO4 solutions. The results show that borided specimens have better corrosion resistance than unboronized specimens. The formation of layers of protective iron borides reduces the corrodability of the steel in the borided specimens. Boronizing increased the corrosion resistances of X52 steel in HCl and H2SO4 by 23 and 77-fold, respectively.

Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan dan Pengenceran Lindi Hitam Terhadap Karakteristik Lignin Kraft Acacia mangium

This study aimed to investigate the effects of storage time and dilution of black liquor (BL) from Acacia mangium kraft pulping on the characteristics of isolated Lignin. Lignin isolation was carried out by 1 and 2 steps of isolation using HCL 1M to precipitate Lignin, diluted before isolation. Isolated Lignin was analyzed for its acid-soluble Lignin (ASL), insoluble acid lignin (AIL), functional groups by FTIR, solubility in dioxane and NaOH and thermal properties. The effect of BL storage time was also evaluated on the characteristics of the Lignin produced. The results suggest that the longer BL is stored, the higher the lignin yield. When compared to the isolation approach without dilution, the dilution process produced a higher yield and ash content up to 84% and 21%, respectively. Without dilution, the AIL isolated was lower than the dilution during BL storage. The longer the storage duration, the higher the lignin purity. Compared to two-step lignin isolation, dilution treatment in single-step isolation improves yield and purity. The thermal stability of lignin isolation without dilution (184 ⁰C and 167 ⁰C for 1 and 2 steps, respectively) was higher than that of isolated Lignin with dilution (154.8 ⁰C and 160.9 ⁰C for 1 and 2 steps, respectively), according to thermal study. Both lignin isolates with and without dilution have comparable functional groups, as shown by FTIR spectra. Due to the high yield and purity of isolated Lignin, BL dilution could be a viable alternative in lignin isolation from BL. Moreover, the properties of isolated Lignin are also influenced by BL storage.

Comparative Study of Chemical Stability of a PK20 Opioid-Neurotensin Hybrid Peptide and Its Analogue [Ile9]PK20-The Effect of Isomerism of a Single Amino Acid.

Chemical stability is one of the main problems during the discovery and development of potent drugs. When ignored, it may lead to unreliable biological and pharmacokinetics data, especially regarding the degradation of products’ possible toxicity. Recently, two biologically active drug candidates were presented that combine both opioid and neurotensin pharmacophores in one entity, thus generating a hybrid compound. Importantly, these chimeras are structurally similar except for an amino acid change at position 9 of the peptide chain. In fact, isoleucine (C6H13NO2) was replaced with its isomer tert-leucine. These may further lead to various differences in hybrids’ behavior under specific conditions (temperature, UV, oxidative, acid/base environment). Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess and compare the chemical stability of two hybrid peptides that differ in nature by way of one amino acid (tert-leucine vs. isoleucine). The obtained results indicate that, opposite to biological activity, the substitution of tert-leucine into isoleucine did not substantially influence the compound’s chemical stability. In fact, neither hydrolysis under alkaline and acidic conditions nor oxidative degradation resulted in spectacular differences between the two compounds—although the number of potential degradation products increased, particularly under acidic pH. However, such a modification significantly reduced the compound’s half-life from 204.4 h (for PK20 exposed to 1M HCl) to 117.7 h for [Ile9]PK20.

Assessment of the Quality of Herbal Teas from Šabac, Serbia in Terms of the Content of Heavy Metals.

Chemical components of teas have received great interest because they are related to health. In this work, data on the determination of foreign matter, loss on drying/water content, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid are presented. The content of seven heavy metals including Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd and Pb were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in samples of several herbal teas: Matricariae flos, Thymi herba, Menthae piperitae folium, Betulae folium, Quercus cortex, Gentianae radix, Frangulae cortex, Althaeae radix, Uvae ursi folium and Glycyrrhizae radix collected from Šabac’s market, Serbia. The sample preparation procedure involved dry digestion and dissolution of the ash in 6M HCl and then in 0.1 M HNO3. Herbal teas showed the concentration of heavy metals Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni in the range: 2.9 ± 0.1 – 22.2 ± 0.9 mg/kg, 118.5 ± 1.1 – 755.5 ± 2.5 mg/kg, 19.0 ± 5.8 – 561.0 ± 1.9 mg/kg, 6.5 ± 0.4 – 242.5 ± 1.4 mg/kg and 2.5 ± 0.1 – 10 ± 1.1 mg/kg, respectively. The level of copper in all samples was uniform. The highest content of Fe was in Thymi herba, while Mn and Zn were at maximum in Betulae folium. The levels of toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb were below the detection limit. The obtained values were compared with data available from literature. The herbal tea samples analyzed contained essential heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and probably essential in trace (Ni), and could obey the daily dietary requirements. Noncancer health risk assessment detected that the herbal teas of Betulae folium and Frangulae cortex can manifest some health risk to consumers.

Exploring the role of Sodium dodecyl sulphate in presence of 2-thioureidobenzoxazole as enhancer of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2M HCl solution

Exploring the role of Sodium dodecyl sulphate in presence of 2-thioureidobenzoxazole as enhancer of corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2M HCl solution

Development of saga (Abrus precatorius) seed extract as a green corrosion inhibitor in API 5l Grade B under 1m HCL solutions

The critical role of newly green corrosion inhibitors shows the disruption of cathodic and anodic reactions at the metals and solution interface. The object of this study is the development of Saga as a corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the effect of corrosive HCl 1M оn mild steel. The inhibitor was extracted using methanol to prepare various concentrations. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the functional group of the inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy aided by the potentiodynamic polarization was utilized to evaluate the inhibitor’s effectiveness. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was implemented to determine the percentage of elements in mild steel. Based on the FTIR results, C=O, -OH, C=C, benzene, and C-O are accountable for the inhibitor to donate its lone pair of an electron to the 3-d orbital of iron metal. Increasing the inhibitor concentration decreases the capacitive double layer to elevate the inhibitor resistance. The higher inhibitor resistance of 29.33 Ω cm-1 increases as the concentration increases due to the depression of Cdl 420.16 µF cm2 at 10 ml inhibitor solution. Parallelly, it increases the inhibition efficiency at 65.58 %, slightly lower than the PP measurement of nearly 88 %. The higher value of adsorption/desorption constant, Kads, at 2.9 L mol-1 shows the strength of the inhibitor, which lowers the value of Gibbs free energy (ΔGads). The Saga inhibitor is considered a chemisorption inhibitor ΔGads –36.87 kJ/mol. The value demonstrates the formation of dative covalent bonding, which promotes the transferred electron from the inhibitor to the substrate. On the other hand, the Saga inhibitor abides by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm as the R2 value is 0.99.

Synthesis of a novel pyrazole heterocyclic derivative as corrosion inhibitor for low-carbon steel in 1M HCl: Characterization, gravimetrical, electrochemical, mathematical, and quantum chemical investigations

A novel organic corrosion inhibitor, named 3, 5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl m (4-((4-hydroxybenzylidene) amino) phenyl) methanone (DPHM) has been effectively synthesized and characterized. The diagnosis of functional groups and constituents of DPHM has been conducted by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The inhibitor efficacy for low-carbon steel in 1 M HCl was evaluated by using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The inhibition efficiency was increased with increasing the temperature and DPHM concentrations. The inhibition efficiency approaches a maximum value of 89.5% at 400 ppm of DPHM and 60 °C. The efficiency of the inhibitor was attributed to the formation of a protective mono-layer on the steel surface. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was used to inspect the adsorption process mechanism. Theoretical quantum chemical simulations were used to investigate the mechanism of inhibition. The results revealed that the DPHM was the donor of electron, while the steel surface was an electron acceptor. Mathematical and statistical modelling were used as powerful tool for data representation. Exponential model, with 0.992 correlation coefficient, was the most accurate one.

Experimental and theoretical insights into synthesized Gemini corrosion inhibitor for X65-steel in 1M HCl

Experimental and theoretical insights into synthesized Gemini corrosion inhibitor for X65-steel in 1M HCl

Lentinan as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in acid medium: Experimental and theoretical studies

The developing effective and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors plays a vital role in the protection of Q235 steel in acid solution. Accordingly, lentinan (LNT) from mushroom Lentinus edodes was developed here as a corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in 1M HCl. The inhibition performance was investigated by weight-loss experiment, potentiodynamic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance test, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The research showed that LNT exhibited good inhibition nature for Q235 steel in acid medium, and the inhibition efficiency is correlated with LNT concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization curves stated clearly that its inhibition efficiency can be as high as 92.66% when the concentration is 100 mg/L on the corrosion of Q235 steel in 1M HCl. The change of impedance parameters showed that the corrosion inhibitor adsorbs on the surface of Q235 steel in the formation of a protective film. The adsorption behavior of polymer molecules follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. SEM observation on the surface of Q235 steel showed that the metal matrix has a good anti-corrosion effect in the corrosion inhibitor solution. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to determine the relationship between the inhibitor and metal interactions.

AKTIVASI ZEOLIT ALAM SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PEWARNA ALAMI KULIT BUAH NAGA (PITAYA)

Natural zeolite is one of the alternative adsorbents with good absorption capabilities, including in absorbing color. The adsorption ability of zeolite can be increased by the activation process because it can increase the Si/Al ratio and pore size. Dragon fruit peel is a natural material that can be used as a natural dye because it contains betacyanin pigments which are equivalent to synthetic dyes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of activated green and brown zeolite and their adsorption ability on natural dyes of dragon fruit peel. Zeolite was activated chemically using 3M HCl solution and physically through a heating process of 500°C, then characterized using XRD and FTIR. The zeolite adsorption process was carried out with variations in contact time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes and variations in the mass of the adsorbent 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 grams. The results of XRD analysis showed that the green and brown zeolite contained mordenite, nepheline and quartz minerals. The highest percentage of color degradation in the adsorption process was in brown zeolite at 27.70% at a contact time of 90 minutes and 88.2% at an adsorbent mass of 0.5 grams. Differences in brown zeolite before and after adsorption can be seen from the shift in the wavelength of each functional group due to the interaction with dragon fruit peel.

Use of Trochodendron Aralioides Extract as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1M HCl Solutions

Recently, there is an interesting discussion that has transpired around the world about the usage of plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors. We report that to control corrosion in mild steel (MS) specimens in a 1M HCl medium, Trochodendron aralioides (T. aralioides) extract was used as an economical green corrosion inhibitor. The various tests, namely, potentiodynamic polarization, weight loss measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to analyze the inhibition efficiency (IE) of the extract. The highest IE value of 96.42% was seen at 250 ppm, with the IE% increasing as the extract concentration increased. Potentiodynamic polarization suggests that T. aralioides plant extract acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. UV–visible (UV–Vis) and FT-IR spectroscopy were performed with the inhibitor to study the adsorption mechanism and surface analysis of the specimen, respectively. The results revealed that plant extracts form a protective film on the surface of the specimens, increasing inhibition and thereby reducing corrosion. Surface morphological studies such as AFM, EDX and SEM tests were performed in the presence and absence of the inhibitor with the results being analyzed by observing the surface of the metal.

Assessment of soil, sediment and water contaminations around open-pit coal mines in Moatize, Tete province, Mozambique

Water, soils, and sediments contaminated with hazardous elements are of increasing concern because they greatly affect human health and ecological systems. In Mozambique, coal mining and processing operations are important industries; however, they could potentially contaminate the surrounding environment. This study investigates contamination of surface soils, river sediments, river water and groundwater around coal mines in Moatize district, Tete province, Mozambique. Three water pollution indices, water quality index (WQI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and five soil/sediment pollution indices, enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD) and pollution load index (PLI) were used to assess the levels of contamination in the area. All water samples were found to be “uncontaminated” to “moderately contaminated” with hazardous metals. The heavy metal concentrations found in waters varied from: As (0.3–10.9 µg/L), Ba (9.8–69.6 µg/L), Cr (2.1–60.2 µg/L), Cu (1.7–62.3 μg /L), Ni (1.2–71.9 μg /L), Mn (5.9–58.1 µg/L), Pb (1.3–10.8 μg /L) and Zn (2.1–40.2 µg/L). Most of these values exceeded the drinking water standards set by WHO. Meanwhile, surface soils and sediments from Moatize and Murrongoze Rivers were “highly polluted” (PLI = 1.11–1.85). Leaching experiments of soil and sediments suggest that hazardous elements from soils and sediments were strongly affected by the type of leaching solution (deionized 18 MΩ cm water and 1M HCl) and several of them were highly bio-accessible that could pose serious ecological and health risks in the area.

Tuning Ice Nucleation by Mussel-Adhesive Inspired Polyelectrolytes: The Role of Hydrogen Bonding

Tuning Ice Nucleation by Mussel-Adhesive Inspired Polyelectrolytes: The Role of Hydrogen Bonding

Xylopia aethiopica EXTRACT AS GREEN AND ECO-FRIENDLY CORROSION INHIBITOR AND ITS QUANTUM CHEMICAL ANALYSIS.

This work examines the corrosion inhibitory behavior of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark and root bark extracts respectively on corrosion of mild steel in 2M HCl solution and their quantum chemical analysis using gravimetric technique and quantum computational modeling. The corrosion rates of the mild steel coupons in blank HCl solutions were found to increase with increase in concentration of the corrodent, period of immersion and rise in temperature. On the other hand, the corrosion rate decreased in the acid solution containing the test extracts and the decrease became more pronounced on increase in the concentrations of Xylopia aethiopica stem bark and root bark extracts respectively. The decrease in corrosion rate indicates that the extracts inhibited corrosion of mild steel in the acid solution and inhibition efficiency increased with increase in extract concentrations. The inhibition is attributed to adsorption of the test extract constituent molecules on the mild steel surface, forming a film layer that protects the metal surface from the corrodent. Results of quantum chemical computational analysis proved that, 3-dimethyl- 1-vinylcyclohexene among the constituent compounds of Xylopia aethiopica bark extract would be the most likely organic compound to share electrons with the metal surface for possible adsorption bond. The adsorption of the extract molecules on the mild steel surface fitted into Langmuir adsorption isotherm with slope values of 0.86 and 0.98 for Xylopia aethiopica root bark and stem bark extracts respectively, and regression correlation (R2) values of 1.0 and 0.99 for root and stem extracts respectively.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, and density functional theory studies of the corrosion inhibitive behaviour of n-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide chelator-ligand

The inhibitory effect of N-(1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxonaphthalene-3-yl) pyrazine-2-carboxamide (HL chelator) on the corrosion of mild steel (Ms) in 1M HCl remained appraised via weight loss (WL) estimations, atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and computational studies. The adsorption of the appraised ligand remained found to conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI). The data acquired for ΔGads denotes chemisorption adsorption mechanism for the inhibitor while acquired AAS analysis results revealed that the concentration of iron in the inhibited corrosive medium is less than the concentration of iron in the uninhibited solution after immersion with Ms at the same contact time and was also observed to reduce with upsurge in concentration of the inhibitor. SEM micrographs acquired revealed that the existence of the studied compound lessened the degree of corrosion in addition to decreased surface roughness signifying establishment of protective inhibitor film at the Ms surface. The energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) as well as energy of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO) remained estimated via density functional theory (DFT) method from which other parameters were determined. The results acquired from computational studies were in conformity with those from experimental studies and both validate the use of HL chelator as an excellent and efficient inhibitor for the corrosion of Ms in 1 M HCl.

Formulation of Bioethanol From Pineaple Skin Waste and Applicated as Wax Inhibitors

The problem of paraffin wax deposition is one of the problems that occurs in the oil industry which causes blockages during the oil production process. To prevent this problem, you can use a chemical method is injecting wax inhibitors. one of the effective wax inhibitors is solvent. So this paper aims to produce bioethanol solvent through biomass engineering, namely pineapple skin waste. For the production of bioethanol through several methods, namely pretreatment, hydrolysis which aims to convert cellulose into glucose with HCl acid, fermentation which aims to convert glucose into bioethanol with the help of saccaromyces cerevisiae yeast and finally distillation. The result in the hydrolysis process with concentrations of HCl 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M and 5M produces glucose 7 Brix, 16 Brix, 20 Brix, 21 Brix and 24 Brix. And with variations in heating time of 1 hour to 5 hours, the optimum glucose was obtained at 3 hours of 24 Brix. The results of fermentation with a variation of 1 day to 6 days, the optimum bioethanol content in fermentation for 3 days is 18%. 18% bioethanol is mixed into waxy crude oil with a pour point value of 43°C, and the result is able to reduce the pour point is 3°C. To increase the decrease in the pour point of bioethanol, it is blend with a toluene, and the result is to reduce the pour point value by 8°C. So it can be concluded that mixing bioethanol and toluene as a solvent can inhibit paraffin wax deposition