Phosphomolybdic Acid Research Articles

Enhanced adsorption-oxidation performance of PMo12 immobilized onto porous MCM-41 derived from rice husk for H2S at room temperature

In this study, a novel adsorbent (PMo12@RH-MCM-41) was synthesized through impregnation method using waste rice husk and phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) as the silica source and active center, respectively. The regular fibrous-like structure of RH-MCM-41 with hierarchical pores provides a high percentage of exposed PMo12 sites, enhancing the desulfurization activity of PMo12. PMo12@RH-MCM-41 exhibited excellent desulfurization ability in comparison with PMo12 and RH-MCM-41, demonstrating the synergistic effect between PMo12 and RH-MCM-41. The efficient transformation of H2S to elemental S with a yield of 61.3 % was achieved at room temperature. The PMo12@RH-MCM-41 regenerated by hot air purging can maintain the stable desulfurization ability for more than 8 cycles. The mechanism analysis demonstrated the redox ability of PMo12 in the heterogeneous desulfurization system. This work provides important insights for the application of polyoxometalates in solid-phase desulfurization, and broadens high-value utilization patterns of agricultural waste biomass.

Modular Flow Reactors for Valorization of Kraft Lignin and Low-Voltage Hydrogen Production.

Recent studies have found that green hydrogen production and biomass utilization technologies can be combined to efficiently produce both hydrogen and value-added chemicals using biomass as an electron and proton source. However, the majority of them have been limited to proof-of-concept demonstrations based on batch systems. Here the authors report the design of modular flow systems for the continuous depolymerization and valorization of lignin and low-voltage hydrogen production. A redox-active phosphomolybdic acid is used as a catalyst to depolymerize lignin with the production of aromatic compounds and extraction of electrons for hydrogen production. Individual processes for lignin depolymerization, byproduct separation, and hydrogen production with catalyst reactivation are modularized and integrated to perform the entire process in the serial flow. Consequently, this work enabled a one-flow process from biomass conversion to hydrogen gas generation under a cyclic loop. In addition, the unique advantages of the fluidic system (i.e., effective mass and heat transfer) substantially improved the yield and efficiency, leading to hydrogen production at a higher current density (20.5mA cm-2 ) at a lower voltage (1.5V) without oxygen evolution. This sustainable eco-chemical platform envisages scalable co-production of valuable chemicals and green hydrogen for industrial purposes in an energy-saving and safe manner.

Vascular Supply to the Proximal Plantar Plate of Lesser Toe Metatarsophalangeal Joint is Primarily Supplied by the Attachment to the Metatarsal: A Nano-CT Microvasculature Study

Category: Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: Lesser toe metatarsophalangeal (MTP) instability is implicated in common forefoot pain and deformities. The plantar plate is a major stabilizing structure of the MTP joint with instability frequently occurring after a tear or attenuation of this structure. Previous studies have demonstrated that the blood supply to the proximal plantar plate comes from both the metatarsal and the plantar fascia. Commonly, a McGlamry elevator is used to strip the plantar plate from the plantar surface of the metatarsal to improve exposure of the MTP joint. The vascular consequence of stripping the plantar plate from the metatarsal is not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to quantify the relative contribution of blood supply to the proximal plantar plate from the metatarsal and plantar fascia. Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen human adult cadaver lower extremity specimens were utilized for this study, resulting in 35 lesser MTP joints that were studied. All specimens were between the ages of 18 and 65 years and had no history of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or connective tissue disorders. Specimens with a history of trauma to the foot or ankle, prior foot or ankle surgery, or evidence of clinical deformity of less toes upon inspection were excluded. The specimens were prepared as described previously in Finney et al. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries were perfused with a barium solution and counterstained with phosphomolybdic acid. The second through fourth MTP joints of 12 feet were imaged with nano-computed tomography (nano- CT) at 14-micron resolution. Reconstructed 3D and 2D CT images were utilized for analysis of the volume of vasculature along the metatarsal pedicle and plantar fascia of the proximal plantar plate. Results: Based on nano-CT imaging, the plantar plate specimen demonstrated microvascular infiltration at the proximal attachments of the metatarsal neck, interosseous muscles, periosteum, and plantar fascia (Figure 1). An average of 63.5% of the vascular supply to the proximal portion of the plantar plate entered from the metatarsal pedicle in 35 lesser toe specimens analyzed. The remaining 36.5% of the vascular supply entered from the plantar fascia. The second toes, third toes, and fourth toes had an average of 64.7%, 59.0%, and 67.1% of vasculature supply from the metatarsal pedicle, respectively. The average volume of vasculature from the metatarsal pedicle to the proximal plantar plate was 0.38 mm3, while the average volume of vasculature from the plantar fascia to the proximal plantar plate was 0.19 mm3. Conclusion: The vascular supply of the proximal plantar plate is supplied from both the metatarsal pedicle and plantar fascia. Using the McGlamry elevator for exposure of the MTP joint disrupts the dominant tributary for proximal plantar plate perfusion.

Computational and experimental elucidation of the boosted stability and antibacterial activity of ZIF-67 upon optimized encapsulation with polyoxometalates.

Water microbial purification is one of the hottest topics that threats human morbidity and mortality. It is indispensable to purify water using antimicrobial agents combined with several technologies and systems. Herein, we introduce a class of nanosized metal organic framework; Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) cages encapsulated with polyoxometalates synthesized via facile one-step co-precipitation method. We employed two types of polyoxometalates bioactive agents; phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) that act as novel antibacterial purification agents. Several characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the morphological, structural, chemical, and physical properties such as FESEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms techniques. The antibacterial assessment was evaluated using colony forming unit (CFU) against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as models of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The PTA@ZIF-67 showed higher microbial inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by 98.8% and 84.6%, respectively. Furthermore, computational modeling using density functional theory was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of PTA when compared to PMA. The computational and experimental findings demonstrate that the fabricated POM@ZIF-67 materials exhibited outstanding bactericidal effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and effectively purify contaminated water.

Functional mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s-derived ultrafine MoP modified N, P-codoped carbon for stable hydrogen production in alkaline media

Molybdenum (Mo) based compounds have attracted growing attention in the electrochemical field due to their abundant reserves, high catalytic activity and stability. However, the efficient implementation of MoP for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been hindered by the limited number of active centers and the weakening electron transferring rate resulting from poor conductivity and easy accumulation during preparation. Herein, we innovate the use of porous poly(ionic liquid)s (MPILs)-loaded phosphomolybdic acid by ion exchange to achieve porous N, P-codoped carbon-encapsulated ultrafine MoP (MoP@NPC). The electronic structure of MoP can be modulated with the carbon matrix, while ultrafine average size of 3 nm nanoparticles afford highly exposed active sites, thus contributing to the boosted electrocatalytic performance of HER. Besides, N, P-codoped carbon coupling with porous structure could facilitate electron transport and shorten the ion transport distance during the electrochemical process. In alkaline media, the optimized MoP@NPC shows small overpotentials of 134 mV with Tafel slopes of 76 mV dec−1 for HER. In addition, excellent electrocatalysis stability has been acquired by MoP@NPC. The in-situ Raman and ex-situ XPS techniques are applied to confirm the superior electrocatalytic HER property of the obtained MoP@NPC. This work provides a new way to prepare a novel Mo-based electrocatalyst by exploiting a special catalyst precursor for hydrogen-energy-related applications.

A Novel, Simple Method for Detection of Caffeine in Urine as a Predictive Marker for Liver Diseases

Drugs, chemicals, and endogenous substrates are all metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) which plays a role in the aetiology of a variety of liver illnesses. Caffeine is completely metabolized by CYPs. Caffeine excretion in the urine is a sign of liver damage. The study aimed to develop and validate an inexpensive, simple, and rapid method for determining urinary caffeine as a diagnostic marker for liver diseases. Caffeine in urine sample underwent hydrolysis. Strip containing phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) was used to detect the hydrolysis product of caffeine in urine. The interaction of caffeine with PMA produced a blue color on the strip. The current method helps analyze caffeine in urine, providing a simple, rapid, and economic routine analysis.

Türkiye'de Safran (Crocus sativus L.) adı ile satılan bazı örneklerin Farmasötik Botanik açıdan değerlendirilmesi

Crocus sativus L. (Saffron, Fam. Iridaceae) is a medicinal, commercial, historical and economically important plant that has been used in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. Saffron, which is generally used by the public to add flavor and color to dishes, is difficult to cultivate and harvest due to the use of only dried stigmas and is known as the most expensive spice in the world. The macroscopic and microscopic properties of the samples sold under the name "Saffron" from 10 different cities of Turkey, as well as the drying loss, foreign matter amount determination, total ash amount determination, color density determination, phosphomolybdic acid reaction and elongation determination analysis tests were conducted and their conformity with European Pharmacopoeia standards was investigated. In this study, saffron samples purchased from a local producer in Safranbolu (Standard 1) and grown by ourselves (Standard 2) were used. As a result of our study, it was determined by morphological and microscopic studies that samples 2 and 4 completely belonged to the Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) plant. On the other hand, it has been revealed by the analyzes that the sample number six contains very little saffron stigma and mainly contains Safflower bulk flowers.

Facet-tunable coral-like Mo2C catalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

Developing efficient and stable transition metal-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media remains a great challenge due to slow water dissociation kinetics. Here, a novel coral-like porous nitrogen-doped Mo2C electrocatalyst (3D Mo2C) derived from ZIF-8 doped with phosphomolybdic acid hydrate (POM) was proposed for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction via facet regulation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations clarified that the Mo2C (0 0 2) facet accelerated water dissociation, while the Mo2C (1 0 1) facet more easily adsorbed H* to generate H2. Thus, Mo2C facets (1 0 1) and (0 0 2) with a suitable ratio showed synergistic effects to exhibit excellent alkaline HER performance. The coral-like porous Mo2C exposed sufficient active sites and facilitated electron and mass transfer to accelerate alkaline HER. The 3D Mo2C (1:1) catalyst exhibited excellent HER activity with a low overpotential of 110 mV and a small Tafel slope of 73.9 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH.

Dual-Mechanism Quenching of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on a Novel ECL Emitter Polyoxomolybdate-Zirconia for 17β-Estradiol Detection.

The exploration of novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagents has been a breakthrough work in ECL immunoassay. In this work, the ECL properties of polyoxomolybdate-zirconia (POM-ZrO2) were discovered for the first time and their luminescence mechanism was initially explored. Virgulate POM-ZrO2 was synthesized from phosphomolybdic acid hydrate and zirconium oxychloride by solvothermal method, which achieved intense and stabilized cathode ECL emission at a negative potential. Polyaniline@Au nanocrystals (PANI@AuNPs) as the executor of the dual-mechanism quenching strategy were used to reduce the output signal. The quenching efficiency was significantly enhanced by the dual mechanisms of ECL energy transfer and electron transfer. Specifically, PANI@AuNPs can serve as an energy receptor to absorb the energy emitted by POM-ZrO2 (energy donor), while the appropriate energy level can be regarded as the condition for electron transfer to quench the ECL intensity of POM-ZrO2. Herein, the proposed dual-mechanism quenching strategy was applied to the immunoassay of 17β-estradiol by constructing a competitive immunosensor. As expected, the immunosensor demonstrated favorable analytical performance and a wide sensing range from 0.01 pg/mL to 200 ng/mL. Hence, it provides a novel method for the sensitive analysis of other biomolecules, such as disease markers and environmental estrogens.

Co-doping g-C3N4 with P and Mo for efficient photocatalytic tetracycline degradation under visible light

Although g-C 3 N 4 (CN) materials have been extensively explored for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, their weak response to visible light and fast recombination of photoexcited electron-hole pairs restrain their practical applications. Herein, we deeply mediated the CN's energy-band structure, morphology, and surface properties by non-metal (P) and metal (Mo) co-doping based on the thermal treatment of a phosphomolybdic acid hydrate and dicyandiamide mixture in a straightforward one-step manner. Meanwhile, cyano groups and nitrogen vacancies were generated as a result of the co-doping, and the resulting P, Mo co-doped CN (PM-CN) exhibited thinner layers, smaller sizes, and superior visible-light harvesting capacity and charge separation efficiency. Consequently, highly active PM-CN was obtained for photocatalytic tetracyclines (TC) degradation, and the rate was calculated to be 0.01 min −1 , 3.3 times greater than that of the pure CN, outstripping the single P- and Mo-doped counterparts. A free radical scavenging test demonstrated that the reactive species •O 2− and h + were critical in TC degradation. The present work is expected to shed light on co-doping CN with non-metal and metal elements to obtain high-performance, visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for practical environmental remediation.

Oxidation of 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone to quinclorac by oxygen

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinclorac (3,7‐dichloro‐8‐quinolinecarboxylic acid) is commercially produced from the partial oxidation of 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone by nitric acid in 98% sulfuric acid. Such technology suffers from some shortcomings, such as the discharge of NOx and wastewater, and the formation of nitro compounds. Oxygen is a clean, cheap oxidant. The key to realizing the production of quinclorac by oxidizing 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone with oxygen is the development of an efficient catalyst.RESULTSThe transformation of 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone to quinclorac oxidized by O2 molecule in acetic acid solution can be accomplished under a homogeneous catalyst system composed of H3PMo12O40/Ce/Co/Br. Experiments show that the optimal catalytic system consists of 0.209 (wt)% phosphomolybdic acid, 0.022 (wt)% Ce(III), 0.027 (wt)% Co(II) and 0.0161 (wt)% Br−.CONCLUSIONTemperature is an important parameter affecting reaction rate. The influence of oxygen concentration in the gas phase on quinclorac yield and 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone conversion is great. The activation energy of this catalytic reaction is 57.6 kJ mol−1. The reaction orders for oxygen and 3,7‐dichloro‐8‐(chloromethyl)quinolone are 0.26 and 0.93, respectively. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction method for phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of sour jujube extracts.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a rapid and effective extraction method that uses ultrasound energy and solvents to extract target compounds from various plant matrices. In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions of sour jujube were optimized. A five-level central composite design (CCD) with four variables was used to evaluate ultrasonic treatment variables influencing the total saponin content (TSC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) extracted from sour jujube. The solvent concentration, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio were optimized using aqueous ethanol and methanol solutions as extraction solvents. A central composite design (CCD) was used for an in-depth study, and then the optimal value that could produce the maximum TPC, TFC, TSC, and four in vitro antioxidant activities (scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdic acid reduction method, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity) was determined. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress experiment confirmed that the Jujube extract could have an antioxidant role in vivo. The relationship between the contents of three compounds and the antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo was further studied. The results showed that optimizing methanol and ethanol extraction process parameters could improve target components' extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the TFC and TPC yields of sour jujube by ethanol are better than methanol, while the yield of TSC by methanol is better than ethanol. In vivo data showed that Jujube extract protects against the adverse effects of oxidative stress and improves the life span of female and male Drosophila. This study provides a valuable reference for the full use of Ziziphus jujube, as well as a new direction in food development.

Studi Kadar Fosfat (Total, Polifosfat dan Ortofosfat) pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Lamat Kecamatan Muntilan

Studies on phosphate levels (total, polyphosphate, and orthophosphate) have been carried out in the Lamat Muntilan watershed. A detergent is an approach to the amount of waste disposal of various types of phosphate in the Lamat river. High levels of phosphorus cause eutrophication, which can cause various human health problems. This study aims to determine the levels (total, polyphosphate, and orthophosphate) and compared rain and dry season with water quality standards that have been agreed upon nationally as well as theoretical studies on eutrophication pollution. This research uses the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method by utilizing the interaction of ammonium tartrate and potassium antimonyl tartrate on orthophosphate ions to form phosphomolybdic acid which is then reduced by ascorbic acid to a modern blue color which is proportional to the number of orthophosphate ions. This modern blue color is measured at a wavelength of 880 nm. The result data showed that the average total phosphate levels of river water of 0.240 ppm in the rainy season and 0.204 ppm in the dry season, for polyphosphates were found at 0.032 ppm in the rainy season and 0.064 ppm in the dry season, while orthophosphate 0.051 ppm in the rainy season and 0.101 ppm in the dry season. In the dry and rainy seasons, there were specific differences between them. This level surpassed Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 about concerning Management of Water Quality and Control of Pollution Water, was not suitable for consumption directly or indirectly specifically for human needs, but if it was used for animals and plants it is still feasible. The level of all phosphate species triggered the formation of eutrophication.

Structural regulation of molybdenum carbide/nitride electrocatalyst for enhanced hydrogen evolution in acidic and alkaline media

Herein, the ultrafine molybdenum carbide/nitride (Mo2C/Mo2N) heterojunction loaded by nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)-codoped carbon matrix with hierarchical porous (PNC) is prepared in-situ by fabricating the ternary complex of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, chitosan (CS) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) as precursor, followed by annealing and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching. Due to the excellent structural characteristics of the optimized catalyst Mo2C/Mo2N@PNC-8-2, including the Mo2C/Mo2N heterojunction and its uniform dispersion in PNC, P-doping in Mo2C/Mo2N, Mo vacancies, the strong interface coupling between Mo2C/Mo2N heterojunctions and PNC, as well as the connected macroporous channels and hierarchical porous structure, etc., not only large numbers of active sites are exposed, but also the electron density distribution around Mo atoms is tuned. Therefore, the charge/mass transport is greatly improved, resulting in the more superior hydrogen evolution activity of Mo2C/Mo2N@PNC-8-2 than that of the single-phased Mo2C or Mo2N counterpart, with lower overpotentials of 62 or 97 mV to achieve10 mA cm−2 in alkaline or acidic solution, respectively. Moreover, Mo2C/Mo2N@PNC-8-2 still shows excellent long-term durability. This study opens up a new idea for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts via integrating heterojunction, defects, heteroatom doping, and hierarchical porous structure.

RSM optimization of biodiesel production by a novel composite of Fe(ΙΙΙ)-based MOF and phosphomolybdic acid

RSM optimization of biodiesel production by a novel composite of Fe(ΙΙΙ)-based MOF and phosphomolybdic acid

The effect of the nature of metal-containing anions on the catalytic properties of imidazolium derivatives immobilized on silochrom in oxidative desulfurization

Two types of catalysts – Fenton catalysts based on Cu(I) and Fe(III), and polyoxometalates Mo(VI) and W(VI) – were compared in the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds by hydrogen peroxide and desulfurization of oil stock. Heterogeneous samples were represented by imidazolium salts chemically anchored on the silochrom surface and containing chloride complexes of iron and copper or anions of phosphomolybdic and tungstophosphoric acids. Thiophene (T), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and methyl phenyl sulfide (MPS) as well as the diesel fraction with the initial sulfur content of 1080 ppm were used as the model substrates. The reactivity of thiophene substrates was found to depend on the nature of metal-containing anions: on Cu and Fe catalysts, thiophene > DBT, while on polyoxometalate catalysts, DBT > thiophene. This effect was interpreted using literature data. The catalyst based on tungstophosphoric acid provided desulfurization of the diesel fraction of oil to the sulfur content < 10 ppm, which corresponds to modern environmental standards.

Combustion and Thermal Properties of Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foam With Ammonium Polyphosphate Synergized by Phosphomolybdic Acid

Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as a synergist was added into polyurethane (PU) rigid foam with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve its flame retardancy and thermal stability. The combustion performance of PU was studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, and a cone calorimeter. The thermal degradation behavior of PU was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR). Experimental results showed that the introduction of PMA could further improve the flame retardant performance of PU/APP composites and significantly increase the amount of carbon residue at high temperatures. Adding 3wt% PMA to PU containing 12wt% APP could make the foam pass UL-94 V-0, increase the carbon residue at 800°C by 69.16% in the air atmosphere, and decrease the THR by 24.62% compared to those of PU/15APP. TG-IR results showed that the presence of PMA reduced the production of small-molecule gas-phase products. As for the mechanical properties of PU composites, the addition of PMA influences their density and compressive strength obviously. The results suggest that PMA and APP have good synergistic flame retardancy on PU and can reduce its fire risk.

Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu magnetic nanoparticles as a novel catalyst for green synthesis of β-thiol-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles

The magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were synthesized through a solid-state reaction of hydrated iron (III) chloride, hydrated iron (II) chloride and NaOH, and then purified by calcination at high temperature. In order to protect ferrite nanoparticles from oxidation and agglomeration, and to manufacture a novel catalytic system of anchored copper on the magnetic substrate, the Fe3O4 was core-shelled by adding tetraethyl orthosilicate. Next, the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2 was supported by phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as the second layer of nanocomposite at 80 °C in 30 h. Eventually, the new nanocomposite of Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu was successfully synthesized by adding copper (II) chloride solution and solid potassium borohydride. The structure of magnetic nanocatalyst was acknowledged through different techniques such as EDS, VSM, XRD, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET and FESEM. The synthesis of β-thiolo/benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles from various thiiranes, terminal alkynes and sodium azide was catalyzed by Fe3O4@SiO2-PMA-Cu nanocomposite in aqueous medium. In order to obtain the optimum condition, the effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst amount and solvent were gauged. The recycled catalyst was used for several consecutive runs without any loss of activity.

All Redox‐Active 2D MXene and 0D Phosphomolybdic Acid Nanoclusters‐Anchored Polypyrrole Nanotubes for High‐Performance Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the work of a collaboration group led by Professor Tae Jung Park, Dept. of Chemistry, Chung‐Ang University, Republic of Korea. The work depicted in the cover picture is a high‐performance aqueous hybrid supercapacitor based on all redox‐active 2D MXenes and 0D phosphomolybdic acid nanocluster‐anchored polypyrrole nanotubes. The resulting device showed a specific energy of 36.1 Wh kg−1 and a specific power of 6.66 kW kg−1, with good stability over 5000 charge‐discharge cycles. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/batt.202200108.

Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on β-Cyclodextrin–Polyaniline–Phosphomolybdic Acid Matrix for the Detection of Ascorbic Acid

Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on β-Cyclodextrin–Polyaniline–Phosphomolybdic Acid Matrix for the Detection of Ascorbic Acid