3D Engine Research Articles

Conceptual Design of Layered Distributed Propulsion System to Improve Power-Saving Benefit of Boundary-Layer Ingestion

DPS (distributed propulsion system) utilizing BLI (boundary-layer ingestion) has shown great potential for reducing the power consumption of sustainable AAM (advanced air mobility), such as BWB (blended-wing body) aircraft. However, the ingesting boundary layer makes it easier for flow separation to occur within the S-shaped duct, and the consequent distortion due to flow separation can dramatically reduce the aerodynamic performance of the fan, which offsets the power-saving benefit of BLI. By analyzing the source of power saving and power loss of BLI, this paper presents the LDPS (layered distributed propulsion system) concept, in which the freestream flow and boundary-layer flow are ingested separately to improve the power-saving benefit of BLI. In order to preliminarily verify the feasibility of LDPS, an existing DPS is modified. The design parameters and the system performances of LDPS are studied using a 1D engine model. The results show that there is an optimal ratio of the FPR (fan pressure ratio) for the FSE (freestream engine) to the BLE (boundary-layer engine) that maximizes the PSC (power-saving coefficient) of LDPS. This optimal ratio of FPR for the two fans can be obtained when the exit velocities of FSE and BLE are the same. Under the optimal ratio of FPR for the two fans, the PSC of LDPS is improved by 5.83% compared to conventional DPS.

Elucidating Optimal Exhaust Manifold Divergence and Temperature Distribution in Improving Low-End Engine Speed Performance

The exhaust manifold plays a crucial role in optimizing the performance of Spark-Ignition (SI) engines by effectively expelling combustion products. This study focuses on the optimization of the exhaust manifold design and temperature distribution in a 115-cc single-cylinder SI engine. The objective is to investigate the association between the design characteristics of the exhaust manifold, particularly its divergence, and the engine's performance in terms of brake power. Using computer-aided design (CAD), a three-dimensional model of the exhaust manifold with reduced diameter was developed. The optimized design aimed to enhance the engine's overall performance by achieving lower temperatures, particularly at low-end speeds. Subsequently, a 1D engine study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the engine with the optimized exhaust manifold design and validate the improved temperature distribution. The results demonstrate that the optimized exhaust manifold design leads to higher brake power while maintaining lower temperatures, especially at low-end speeds. This highlights the importance of exhaust manifold optimization and temperature distribution in maximizing the efficiency of the selected SI engine. To further enhance the engine's performance, future research should focus on identifying the most appropriate value for the exhaust manifold's divergence. This will contribute to the ongoing development of more efficient and high-performance SI engines. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the optimization of exhaust manifold design and temperature distribution for improved engine performance in the context of the tested engine.

Virtual reality-based meat cut planning for lamb carcasses

ABSTRACT Consumer-level Virtual Reality (VR) hardware/software has undergone rapid developments in recent years. Its potential use in the meat industry for meat cut planning has yet to be reported. In this communication, we introduce a VR system based on a VR goggle (Oculus Rift) and a hand motion sensor. A lamb carcass’s musculoskeletal model (or atlas) is imported into an immersive virtual environment, created by a 3D VR engine (Unity3D). Virtual resection is performed by using a virtual knife operating on the virtual atlas as per standard meat cut specifications of New Zealand. The procedure yields instant volume and weight information of each primary and retail meat cut. We suggest that the VR system can potentially be used in a high-volume slaughterhouse for meat-cut planning and marketing decisions.

3D hotspot engineering and analytes strategy enabled ultrasensitive SERS platform for biosensing of depression biomarker

Nowadays, the diagnose of depression mainly relies on clinical examination while impossible to accurately evaluate the occurrence of depression. Chemical approaches are captivating to analyze stress biomarkers for feedbacking body's endocrine response to stress stimuli. However, it remains challenging in exploring accurate, reliable and sensitive approaches. Herein, we rationally design a newly SERS platform with integrated hotspots engineering and analyte strategy to achieve highly sensitive analysis for estrogen, a typical depression biomarker in adolescent female. On the one hand, the 3D micro/nano plasmonic substrate containing Au–Ag Alloy Nanourchins (AAA-NUs) and arrays-based monolayer films of Au nanoparticles (Au NSs) was constructed to achieve high density and availability of hotspots. On the other hand, the analyte strategy was designed via rapid azotizing reaction to further enhance the scattering cross-section of estrogen in the form of azido compounds. With the synergism of them, the proposed SERS platform displayed high sensitivity for estrogen with a limit of detection down to 10−11 mg/mL. More importantly, the blood estrogen levels of depressed patients were evaluated via the proposed SERS platform and presented high consistence with clinical diagnostic results. This integrated SERS platform paves the way for universal and ultrasensitive biosensing and possess great potential for applying in multi-target detection and disease prediction.

The Importance of Virtual Reality in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: An Examination of the Penataran Temple Case Study in Blitar Regency, East Java

Introduction: Visualization of digital archives and applications play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage. Utilizing efficient 3D scanning, modeling, and deep learning-based reconstruction techniques enables the revelation of hidden parts of Penataran Temple Sample in Blitar Regency, East Java. This research emphasizes the utilization of virtual reality (VR) systems as digital repositories for Penataran Temple Example, facilitating in-depth exploration of this cultural asset. The importance of applications such as guided tours, computer-aided design, and geographic information systems increases in the examination of cultural heritage, offering a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the preserved cultural wealth. Methods: The methodology used in this research includes photogrammetry, accurate photogrammetric assessment, and the utilization of deep learning. Information obtained from these three avenues is combined to construct a three-dimensional Point cloud, serving as the foundation for the digital repository of Penataran Temple Sample. Virtual reality (VR) platforms enable individuals to observe the temple through both first-person and aerial perspectives, featuring customizable interfaces within the virtual reality setting. Results: The research activities are dedicated to creating a digital repository for Penataran Temple Sample located in Blitar Regency, East Java using 3D Point cloud data. Data acquisition of Point cloud for comprehensive coverage of temple structures and hidden reliefs is achieved through the application of advanced photogrammetric measurements and deep learning technology. A virtual reality (VR) system is developed to offer deep visualization capabilities, including first-person perspectives and aerial views, fostering a profound understanding of the cultural significance and architectural design of the temple. To enhance the realism of the VR experience and enable mapping functions, a 3D simulation engine is incorporated. The utilization of the first-person perspective allows detailed virtual exploration and collision detection, while aerial views contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the temple architecture. Discussion: The digital archive system of Penataran Temple Sample leverages Virtual Reality (VR) technology to integrate 3D Point cloud data from various sources. This system facilitates both first-person perspectives and aerial perspectives, allowing comprehensive examination and in-depth understanding of the temple architectural layout. Accurate 3D data generation is achieved through the utilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), photogrammetry technology, and deep learning techniques. Conclusion: The investigation focuses on the utilization of VR technology as a digital repository at Penataran Temple Sample, employing 3D Point cloud methodology. Its primary aim is to provide engaging visual encounters and comprehensive understanding of the architectural complex. Furthermore, this research will encompass detailed 3D measurements and the creation of high-precision VR renderings of the complete temple structures. Additionally, there are opportunities to design VR applications for remote utilization and to produce stereoscopic perspectives through holographic means. The anticipation is that VR will play a significant role in the preservation and interpretation of the heritage of Penataran Temple Sampled in Blitar Regency, East Java, while also demonstrating potential for diverse applications across various platforms and settings.

Hydrogel Scaffolds with Controlled Postgelation Modulation of Structures for 3D Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering

AbstractHydrogels are hydrophilic three‐dimensional networks containing a large amount of water, with physicochemical properties similar to extracellular matrix and controlled mechanical strength, making them ideal scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. However, the cross‐linked hydrogel network often restricts the migration of cells and the exchange of nutrients, which affects cell proliferation and the development of normal tissues. In recent years, hydrogels with pore‐channel structures have attracted significant attention, but these spatial structures are usually preconstructed before gelation, posing challenges in meeting the dynamic physiological conditions required during cell and tissue growth. Therefore, considerable efforts have been devoted to structurally regulate the scaffolds after gelation, so as to enhance the interactions between the scaffolds and cells for promoting the growth of cells and tissues. This review firstly outlines the preparation of hydrogel scaffolds with pore structure and the necessity of postgelation pore modulation. Two types of methods for postgelation pore modulation, including chemical degradation and physical dissolution, are then summarized. Finally, the potential application of such postgelation structural modulation in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering is discussed.

Experimental and CFD analysis on the impact of hydrogen as fuel on the behavior of a passenger car gasoline direct injection engine

The influence of hydrogen induction on the behavior of a Multi cylinder automotive GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engine was studied. An advanced 3D engine simulation was done and validated with experimentally acquired 5% and 10% hydrogen mass coupled with gasoline direct injection. Comparing to the pure gasoline mode, introducing hydrogen showed considerable improvement in engine's BTE (brake thermal efficiency) at all power outputs. The maximum BTE was observed as 27.2%, 30% and 32.5 respectively with pure gasoline, 5% and 10% hydrogen mass shares at the engine's power output of 21 kW. At all power outputs, hydrogen admission was shown to produce a smaller amount hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions than pure gasoline operation. At 21 kW engine power the HC was noted as 3360, 2400 and 2050 ppm respectively with Pure Gasoline, 5% and 10% hydrogen mass shares. CFD results on the HC and CO emissions indicated a strong agreement with the experimental results. NOx emission was noted as higher with hydrogen addition (80 and 100 ppm respectively with 5% and 10% hydrogen mass shares) as compared to 60 ppm with pure gasoline mode. High temperature of the gas supported by the CFD due to the rapid combustion of hydrogen was noted as the reason for the higher NOx emissions with hydrogen addition. CFD results on cylinder pressure and HRR matched very well with the experimental results. A small amount of hydrogen added to the gasoline as a fuel supplement might greatly improve BTE while lowering HC and CO emissions. The recommended optimum hydrogen mass share is 10% for the best performance of the above said engine without any modification in engine design.

Multi-Channel Engineering of 3D Printed Zincophilic Anodes for Ultrahigh-Capacity and Dendrite-Free Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Ion Microbatteries.

Zinc-ion microbatteries (ZIMBs) are regarded as one of most promising miniaturized energy storage candidates owing to their high safety, compatible device size, superior energy density, and cost efficiency. Nevertheless, the zinc dendrite growth during charging/discharging and the inflexible device manufacturing approach seriously restrict practical applications of ZIMBs. Herein, we report a unique material extrusion 3D printing approach with reinforced zincophilic anodes for ultrahigh-capacity and dendrite-free quasi-solid-state ZIMBs. A 3D printed N-doped hollow carbon nanotube (3DP-NHC) multichannel host is rationally designed for desirable dendrite-free zinc anodes. Favorable structural metrics of 3DP-NHC hosts with abundant porous channels and high zincophilic active sites enhance the ion diffusion rate and facilitate uniform zinc deposition behavior. Rapid zinc-ion migration is predicted through molecular dynamics, and zinc dendrite growth is significantly suppressed with homogeneous zinc-ion deposition, as observed by in situ optical microscopy. 3D printed symmetric zinc cells exhibit an ultralow polarization potential, a glorious rate performance, and a stable charging/discharging process. Accordingly, 3D printed quasi-solid-state ZIMBs achieve an outstanding device capacity of 11.9 mA h cm-2 at 0.3 mA cm-2 and superior cycling stability. These results reveal a feasible approach to effectively restrain zinc dendrite growth and achieve high performance for state-of-the-art miniaturized energy storage devices.

QSCC: A Quaternion Semantic Cell Convolution Graph Neural Network for MBD Product Model Classification

Model-based Definition (MBD) 3D engineering has gained wide popularity which enables smart manufacturing. Its tip orientation to the effective reuse of MBD-based product models for creating efficient digital twins. The deep learning-based 3D model classification is an important way in the most recent years, but the existing methods only concern geometric information with very little or no manufacturing information. In this paper, we proposed quaternion semantic cell convolution (QSCC), the quaternion semantic cell convolution graph neural network for MBD product model classification. It is mainly composed of the quaternion product semantic cell(QPSC) and the quaternion simple graph convolution(QSGC). The QPSC is established to fully express the digital twins' semantic information, which includes the multi-dimensional PMI information of the MBD model. The QSGC is established by embedding QPSC into the quaternion vector space, which serializes the multi-granularity semantic features to learn the context semantics through GRU. Compared with existing methods, our approach can solve the problem of model classification with similar geometry but different functions. Specifically, our approach can solve the ambiguity problem caused by blend features such as chamfer. We give quantitative and qualitative evaluations to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency.

Scalable production of homogeneous cardiac organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells

Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are known to more closely mimic invivo conditions compared with 2D cultures. Cardiac spheroids (CSs) and organoids (COs) are useful for 3D tissue engineering and are advantageous for their simplicity and mass production for regenerative therapy and drug discovery. Herein, we describe a large-scale method for producing homogeneous human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CSs (hiPSC-CSs) and COs without scaffolds using a porous 3D microwell substratum with a suction system. Our method has many advantages, such as increased efficiency and improved functionality, homogeneity, and sphericity of hiPSC-CSs. Moreover, we have developed a substratum on a clinically relevant large scale for regenerative therapy and have succeeded in producing approximately 40,000 hiPSC-CSs with high sphericity at once. Furthermore, we efficiently produced a fused CO model consisting of hiPSC-derived atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes localized on opposite sides of one organoid. This method will facilitate progress toward hiPSC-based clinical applications.

Forest digital twin: A new tool for forest management practices based on Spatio-Temporal Data, 3D simulation Engine, and intelligent interactive environment

Existing forest digitization studies focus on one-way forest management practice visualization simulation, lacking decision-making feedback and virtual-real interaction synchronization. This paper presents the vision of the forest digital twin paradigm. We construct a forest digital twin to explore a new digital carrier of forest resources using remote sensing data, forest inventory data, the Cesium Digital Earth Engine, forest planning theory and parametric 3D modeling technology. The two-way interaction and thinning experiments showed that the forest digital twin could provide a novel pattern for in-depth analysis of forest spatial structure, individual tree dynamic growth and human-digital twin interaction effects. The successful recognition rate in matching the forest structure seen on real forest structure images with the forest digital scene was 91.3%, indicating that the forest digital twin can characterize the real forest structure significantly. The prediction accuracy of the multi-grade growth model integrating the Bayesian method for DBH, H was more than 90.4%. In addition, ASS-FDT interaction is superior to the assessors (ASS) and forest digital twin (FDT) for stand spatial structure overall optimization. The multi-dimensional stand spatial structure index (F-index) increased by 22.82%. The constructed forest digital twin model shows superior performance in optimizing the stand growth model and enhancing the overall stand spatial structure under the decision-making feedback and real-time interaction strategies. The automatic operation pattern provides a user-friendly forest management practice solution.

Research on Secondary Innovation Design of Valve Products based on 3D Printing Technology and Reverse Engineering

This study will take simple valves as the research object, the data extraction of some parts of valves, explore the research idea of three-dimensional model reconstruction of valves based on reverse engineering technology using forward and reverse integration modeling method, and deeply analyze the application prospect of 3D printing technology and reverse engineering technology in the valve industry. For domestic and foreign valve product users to provide rapid prototyping, secondary innovation design can be used for reference ideas.

3D urban landscape rendering and optimization algorithm for smart city

3D urban landscape visualization is a key technology in digital city construction. Based on the research and analysis of the three-dimensional space of the urban landscape space, the three-dimensional space can not only allow users to intuitively perceive the development of the city. It also enables decision makers, planners, and users to more intuitively, objectively, and rationally recognize and understand the current urban development and planning design. Defining the data content of the 3D city landscape image model is the basis for creating the 3D city image model. It not only guides producers to select data, but also serves as the basis for sharing data between different applications. With the continuous development of society, the number of people living in rural areas migrating to cities to make a living has increased rapidly, leading to the growing problem of “urban congestion” in many areas. In order to effectively solve these problems, “smart cities” came into being. It quickly triggered a boom in global urban development. Based on a survey of the state-of-the-art in the field of 3D modeling and engineering design visualization, this paper analyzes 3D rendering acceleration algorithms used to speed up rendering and improve the quality of 3D design. By utilizing BSP technology, transparent objects can be drawn in any order in any scene, which solves the problem of incorrectly occluding transparent objects during rendering. This paper also applies collision detection technology, which enhances the user’s immersive feeling when roaming the landscape. In the 3D reconstruction process, it can complete the column and wall recognition for the test image with complex composition. Its recognition rate for various urban features has reached more than 80%.

Preface

The 2023 2nd International Symposium on Semiconductor and Electronic Technology (ISSET 2023) was held in Qingdao, China during 11th–13th, August 2023. Following the success of the previous conference, the aim of this year’s conference was to present the most recent advances in the fields of semiconductor and electronic technology.The ISSET 2023 was supported by Hefei University of Technology. With more than 60 participants from over 20 well-known universities domestically, the Conference was a great success. It is of great significance for disseminating cutting-edge information in disciplines and industries, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and condensing academic achievements in the industry at this event.The Conference consisted of three plenary keynote lectures (addressed by Professor Fengqiu Wang, Professor Yuda Zhao, Professor Junjie Qi, respectively) as well as various oral and poster presentations, in which a wide range of topics were covered and the most recent significant results were presented. From the perspective of industry status, development trends, and cutting-edge technologies, our keynote speakers performed special speeches on popular disciplines such as Semiconductor Materials and Device Reliability, 3D Semiconductor Device Technology, Microelectronics Science and Engineering, Optoelectronics and Photovoltaic Devices, Electronic Information Engineering, etc. And the attending scholars and experts deeply exchanged the latest research achievements and advanced experience in industry development and shared their unique insights into development trends and research directions of the industry. Some selected works presented in the Conference are published in this edition of Journal of Physics: Conference Series.We wish to acknowledge all the participants, and the support of our sponsors. And we would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of Technical Program Committee, the reviewers, as well as the Chairs of the conference sessions.As the final foreword, we hope that the Conference shall continue to the next series and deliver its purpose as the arena for presenting and exchanging the ideas of research in the fields of semiconductor and electronic technology and anything related.The Committee of ISSET 2023List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

A study on the significance of exhaust manifold’s bending angle to the brake torque of 115cc SI engine

The exhaust manifold is a crucial component of the exhaust system in any SI engine, responsible for efficiently expelling combustion products. However, when the exhaust manifold’s design is suboptimal, it leads to negative consequences for the engine’s performance due to the presence of backpressure. Backpressure refers to the difference between maximum exhaust pressure and atmospheric pressure. An increase in backpressure decreases the overall performance and fuel efficiency of an SI engine. This study aimed to investigate the bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold and the brake torque of the 115cc SI engine using 1D engine analysis. The relationship between the exhaust manifold’s bending angle characteristics and the brake torque was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of less than 0.05, while the validation with experimental data showed a maximum error of 6.62. In the previous research, it was noted that a lower bending angle leads to better performance. However, the current results indicate that out of the three bending angles considered, having one of them yields the most substantial enhancement in brake torque. The optimized bending angle configuration obtained from the analysis increased the mean brake torque by 0.011 Nm (0.14%). Consequently, this study enhances the average brake torque through the optimal bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold. The study’s objective aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, as the improved performance achieved through an optimal exhaust manifold design configuration is expected to promote domestic technology development.

Design of Visualization Simulation Software for Fire Planning Based on Unity 3D Technology

How to evaluate the effective firepower intensity generated by ammunition in war is an important basis for tactical decision-making. In order to calculate the firepower kill range formed by the combined action of multiple high explosive bombs, this paper uses digital simulation methods to establish a firepower planning model for multiple high explosive bombs based on the hit rate model and power model of the ammunition. A visual simulation software for explosive bomb firepower planning based on C + + programming language and Unity 3D engine is designed to support rapid calculation and visual display of firepower planning results. The results show that the visual simulation software for fire plan can effectively calculate the distribution pattern and fire damage of ammunition, dynamically visualize the entire terminal damage process, evaluate the effective fire distribution results, and lay a foundation for the design of warheads and the efficient use of ammunition.

Design of Simulation Software for Visualization of Munition Anti-Air Effectiveness

In order to realize the simulation of the damage effectiveness of air defense projectiles against air targets, this paper uses the C++ programming language to complete the development of ammunition air damage simulation model by constructing the ammunition combat model and target vulnerability digital model, and designs the visualization simulation software of ammunition air damage effectiveness based on the Unity 3D engine. The results show that the visualization and simulation software of ammunition damage effectiveness against air targets can calculate the damage effect of ammunition on air and visualize the results of missile rendezvous, combat guidance and air target damage, which provides reference for the design of air defense ammunition introduction.

Indoor Positioning System Based on UWB Rapid Integration with Unity Cross Platform Development Engine through IoT

The changes in time have made divergences of endless possibilities in localization technology. Localization in an indoor environment is surely a concerning matter as several shortcomings always arise when dealing with indoor localization. To optimize localization in an indoor environment, tracking a subject’s position in real-time is a certainly vital interest. Challenges in obtaining an accurate position in precise millimetre accuracy whilst the subject perceive visual information rendered in real-time is somewhat always a matter in hand to address in an indoor environment. The main objective of this research is to implement a positioning method in an indoor environment base on ultra-wideband (UWB) technology to obtain position accuracy in millimetres by rapidly integrating with Unity three-dimensional (3D) engine hence obtaining a detailed inertial measurement unit (IMU) data via wireless Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) network protocol. The key results of this research should ensure an establishment of an indoor positioning system based on providing the finest selection of positioning and UWB parameters. These fine selections are an important design choice impacting the system’s performance in obtaining an accurate position within the range of 0.15mm to 115mm. The technological benefits involve the innovation of wireless communication based on the internet of things (IoT) concept relevant to the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) enabling participants to move freely in an indoor environment whilst obtaining accurate and precise positioning coordinates. Future recommendations comprise of real-time two-dimensional (2D) Pozyx Creator Controller integrated with Unity 3D user graphical user interface (GUI) purposes intended for mobile mapping navigations.

Divided Exhaust Period Assessment for Fuel-Enrichment Reduction in Turbocharged Spark-Ignition Engines

<div>Turbocharged spark-ignition (SI) engines, owing to frequent engine knocking events, utilize retarded spark timing that causes combustion inefficiency, and high turbine inlet temperature (Trb-In T) levels. Fuel enrichment is implemented at high power levels to prevent excessive Trb-In T levels, resulting in an additional fueling penalty and higher CO emissions. In current times, fuel-enrichment reductions are of high strategic importance for engine manufacturers to meet the imminent emissions regulations. To that end, the authors investigated the divided exhaust period (DEP) concept in a 2.2 L turbocharged SI engine with a geometric compression ratio of 14 by decoupling blowdown (BD) and scavenge (SC) events during the exhaust process. Using a validated 1D engine model, the authors first analyzed the DEP concept in terms of pumping mean effective pressure (PMEP) and engine knocking (KI) reduction. Subsequently, the authors examined the effectiveness of the DEP concept using a “low-restriction exhaust flowpath” and varying late intake valve closing (LIVC) duration.</div> <div>First, using DEP, significant PMEP and KI reductions benefits were observed at high power engine conditions along with a large increase in Trb-In T from the early blowdown event. Subsequently, use of a low restriction exhaust flowpath and a shortened LIVC duration further elevated the DEP benefits, including Trb-In T reduction that facilitated enrichment reduction. At 4,000 RPM/20 bar BMEP, ~70% lower PMEP and a 2.2 point increase in ITEg were noted relative to the base engine. However, the 2,000 RPM peak torque engine condition was compromised using DEP, due to knock limitation and deteriorated stock turbocharger performance. Finally, DEP design integrated with an off-the-shelf (new) turbocharger system remedied the low-end torque challenges and demonstrated a notable enrichment reduction and thermal efficiency benefits at the full load engine curve including the 200 kW rated condition.</div>

A massive MPI parallel framework of smoothed particle hydrodynamics with optimized memory management for extreme mechanics problems

The dynamic failure process of structures under extreme loadings is very common in many fields of engineering and science. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method offers inherent benefits in dealing with complex interfaces and large material deformations in extreme mechanics problems. However, SPH simulations for 3D engineering applications are time-consuming. To address this issue, we introduce MPI (Message Passing Interface) in our SPH scheme to reduce computational time. Some optimizations are adopted to ensure the massive computation of the SPH method. In particular, an optimized memory management strategy is developed to control the memory footprint. With the present MPI-based massive parallelization of the SPH method, several validation examples are tested and analyzed. By comparing the present numerical results with the reference data, the dynamic failure process of complex structures subjected to extreme loadings like explosive and impact loadings can be well captured. A large number of particles, up to 2.04 billion, are adopted in the present simulations. The scaling tests show that the scalability of the massively parallel SPH program achieves a maximum parallel efficiency of 97% on 10020 CPU cores.