Smart textiles are emerging materials attracting great interest in terms of their innovative, multifunctional capacities thus increasing the satisfaction of consumers around the world. These interactive smart textiles are having a vast range of applications possessing different functionalities. Nanotechnology acts as a prominent basement providing a multitude of applications like sports, healthcare, fashion, protection, and the internet of things. The development of eco-friendly nanomaterials is a promising approach to modifying smart textile materials. Nanomaterials are unique compared to bulk materials because of their surface properties that pave the way to improve the functionalities of the existing products. Diverse areas such as flexible electronics with sensing, health monitoring, energy harvesting and storage, water repellent fabrics, radiation protection, antimicrobial, and flame retardant are significantly in high demand respective to their applications. Proper recognition of eco-friendly substances to produce nanomaterial during the development of smart textiles would thrive a path to conserving nonenvironmental and human impacts. This chapter will provide an overview of numerous eco-friendly nanomaterials followed by their applications in developing smart textile materials. Ultimately the future perspectives in terms of tuning the properties, selection of materials, and economic concerns will be discussed.

Fibers and textiles play key roles in the development and day-to-day activities of human society. Innovations related to flexible electronics-smart fibers and textiles with sensing, thermal regulation, and energy management capabilities-have drawn great interest from both academic and industrial communities. Smart fibers and textiles are anticipated to revolutionize personal health management due to their manifold features and capabilities, providing the foundation for many intelligent wearables. In this Perspective, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the design and fabrication of smart fibers and textiles for health management applications, focusing primarily on those with sensing, thermal regulation, and energy management functions. We describe the existing challenges and opportunities and propose future development directions.

Smart textiles are fabrics that have been designed and manufactured to include technologies that provide the wearer with increased functionality. These textiles have numerous potential applications, such as the ability to communicate with other devices, conduct energy, transform into other materials and protect the wearer from environmental hazards. Research and development towards wearable textile-based personal systems allowing e.g. health monitoring, protection and safety, and healthy lifestyle gained strong interest during the last few years. Smart fabrics and interactive textiles’ activities include personal health management through integration, validation, and use of smart clothing and other networked mobile devices as well as projects targeting the full integration of sensors/ actuators, energy sources, processing and communication within the clothes to enable personal applications such as protection/safety, emergency and healthcare. This writing includes the origin and introduction of smart textile and integrated wearable electronics for sport wear, industrial purpose, automotive and entertainment applications, healthcare & safety, military, public sectors and new developments in smart textiles.

AbstractWith the emergence and development of smart wearable electronics and healthcare systems, strong demands for energy saving and effective personal thermoregulation have attracted great attentions. In order to prevent thermal runaway and realize human thermal comfort during the long‐term wear of electronics that closely contact to skin, personal thermal management is emerging as an important strategy to regulate and balance the heat exchange between human body and surrounding environments. Smart fibers and textiles with light weight, mechanical flexibility, multiple responsive, as well as, excellent thermoregulation ability for efficient personal thermal management are eagerly desired in the healthcare applications of wearable electronics. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art advancements on emerging smart fibers and textiles for personal thermal management, including personal cooling, warming, and thermostatic according to the specific healthcare application fields and individual requirements. Advanced fibers and textiles could provide adjustable smart personal thermal regulation ability, in response to various external stimuli and the changes of surrounding environments for efficient personal healthcare are focused on. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of smart fibers/textiles for personal thermal management are also discussed.

This chapter reviews personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing for different occupations and users, e.g., hazardous material (HAZMAT) workers, firefighters, industrial workers, healthcare personnel, and law enforcement and military personnel. The standards, requirements and commercial products for these PPE are discussed. The chapter covers the various types of smart technology that can be incorporated into textiles and clothing for personal protection, and applications and examples of smart PPE, including academic and industrial research and development, and commercial products. Future trends of smart PPE and helpful literature and websites are also included in this chapter.

This chapter reviews personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing for different occupations and users, e.g., hazardous material (HAZMAT) workers, firefighters, industrial workers, healthcare personnel, and law enforcement and military personnel. The standards, requirements and commercial products for these PPE are discussed. The chapter covers the various types of smart technology that can be incorporated into textiles and clothing for personal protection, and applications and examples of smart PPE, including academic and industrial research and development, and commercial products. Future trends of smart PPE and helpful literature and websites are also included in this chapter.

The advent of electronic sensors and other developments has helped the textile technologists to develop smart/intelligent textiles. In the present study, a smart textile garment has been developed which can sense the heartbeat, body temperature and geographical position of the wearer. The software, developed under this project, sends information to the caregivers and relatives whenever these values cross the threshold limits, which has been fixed based on practical data.

In 2016, India launched the smart cities mission. The objective of this mission is to developed cities by using ‘Smart’ solutions that provide core infrastructure and give citizens a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development. To achieve this it uses the technology to integrate and manage the infrastructures to provide better services and ensure efficient and optimal utilisation of available resources. Incorporation of new technologies for the development of smart cities gives the new ways of rethinking different services. In this paper, we are going study the applications of blockchain technology in smart city development

Smart Textiles and Their Applications outlines the fundamental principles of applied smart textiles, also reporting on recent trends and research developments. Scientific issues and proposed solutions are presented in a rigorous and constructive way that fully presents the various results, prototypes, and case-studies obtained from academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. After an introduction to smart textiles and their applications from the editor, Part One reviews smart textiles for medical purposes, including their use in health monitoring, treatment delivery, and assistive technologies. Part Two covers smart textiles for transportation and energy, with chapters covering smart textiles for the monitoring of structures and processes, as well as smart textiles for energy generation. The final section considers smart textiles for protection, security, and communication, and includes chapters covering electrochromic textile displays, textile antennas, and smart materials for personal protective equipment.Scientific issues and proposed solutions are presented in a rigorous and constructive way regarding various results, prototypes, and case-studies obtained from academic and industrial laboratories worldwideUseful for researchers and postgraduate students, and also for existing companies and start-ups that are developing products involving smart textilesAuthored and edited by an international team who are experts in the field ensure comprehensive coverage and global relevance

The prospect of nanomaterial integration into textile substrates has emerged in response to rising consumer demand for long-lasting, multipurpose clothing made with minimal environmental impact. Fabrics with the ability to sense their surroundings and respond accordingly are known as smart or interactive textiles. Not only are nanoparticles successfully being used in conventional textiles to impart new functionality and improved performance, but textile-based nanoproducts ranging from nanocomposite fibres, nanofibres, and intelligent high-performance polymeric nanocoatings are winning the day in high-performance advanced applications as well. The key benefits of nano-technological improvements in textiles are increased repeatability, consistency, and robustness. Applying nanoparticles to textiles during traditional processing methods like finishing, coating, and dying improves product performance dramatically and gives them previously unattainable functionality without reducing their softness or adaptability. In order to assess worldwide trends, this chapter provides the impact of nanotechnology on the smart textiles industry, and at the same time necessary future directions are outlined.