Evolutionary game theory has provided substantial contributions to explain the emergence of cooperation under unfavourable conditions in ecology, economics, and the social sciences. Recently, inspired by newly available empirical evidence on group interactions, higher-order networks have emerged as a natural framework to properly encode multiplayer games in structured populations. Here, we study the emergence of cooperation in a nonlinear public goods game (PGG) on hypergraphs, where collective reinforcement captures the synergistic or discounting effect associated with each additional cooperator. In well-mixed populations, single-order PGGs, where all games have the same number of players, display a change in the nature of transition from continuous to discontinuous depending on the exact form of nonlinearity. By contrast, mixed-order PGGs, where games with different number of players coexist, exhibit a richer dynamical regime wherein a state of active coexistence of bistability and cooperation can arise. We further find that scale-free hypergraphs promote cooperation, highlighting the crucial role played by both the initial placement of cooperators and the presence of hyperdegree correlations. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive characterization of nonlinear PGGs on hypergraphs and open up new avenues for richer models of evolutionary dynamics of multiplayer interactions on structured populations.

Empirical research shows that individuals' responses to treatments vary along latent characteristics, such as innate ability or motivation. Therefore, a policymaker seeking to maximize welfare may consider designing policies based on observed characteristics and estimated latent traits. I characterize how the estimates' precision affects the worst-case performance of policies, deriving rate-sharp regret bounds for assignment rules that include or exclude them, highlighting new trade-offs with the policy space complexity. I then study how a policymaker can solve such trade-offs by designing tailored data collections, and derive the minimax optimal collection plan. In an empirical application in development economics, I show that including a proxy for entrepreneurs' business skills in targeting cash transfers increases welfare by 5%, and halves the probability of generating welfare losses. Moreover, I estimate the optimal allocation of resources between improving the precision of the proxy via repeated measurements and increasing sample size.

In the National Football League (NFL), approximately 1 in 4 players sustains a lower extremity (LEX) strain each season. Nearly 20% occur in the ~2-week period of training camp at the start of preseason, and LEX strains have a high rate of recurrence. To examine preseason practice schedule strategies during the first week of training camp in the NFL to identify factors associated with lower injury incidence; use findings to implement an actionable, league-wide injury reduction strategy and evaluate effectiveness. Descriptive epidemiology study. All players participating during the 2018-2023 seasons were included in this observational study. Injury data from the league-wide electronic medical record were combined with wearable player tracking data and practice schedules. Club practice patterns were analyzed and described and then grouped into strategies. Primary outcomes were hamstring, quadriceps, adductor, and calf LEX strains. Incidence rates per club practice and 95% CIs were calculated. Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 5 acclimation practice schedule strategies over the first 3 practices were identified from 82 club-seasons: gradual 15-minute ramp (increasing duration 15 minutes each day), <10-minute ramp (increasing duration <10 minutes each day), high-low duration variation (varying duration), stable duration, and reverse ramp (decreasing duration each day). Clubs using the gradual 15-minute ramp, <10-minute ramp, or high-low duration variation had lower training camp LEX strain rates per club-practice compared with the other strategies (Incidence rate ratio = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.95; P = .01). Results were communicated to stakeholders before the 2022 preseason, and a mandatory league-wide gradual practice acclimation ramp was implemented by the NFL and NFL Players Association as part of the Collective Bargaining Agreement, coupled with mandatory club one-on-one education sessions to explain the requirements. League-wide LEX strain incidence during training camp decreased from 288 in 2021 to 215 in 2022 and 186 in 2023. Additionally, recurrent LEX strains in the regular season decreased from 22 per year in 2021 to 11 per year in 2022-2023. A mandated gradual practice acclimation ramp in training camp coupled with education around strategic load management was associated with reduced LEX strains in the NFL. After the intervention, league-wide LEX strain incidence during training camp decreased by 35%.

This study examined the organizational risk readiness, extent of practices, and level of risk exposure of microfinance institutions in Ilocos Norte and determined whether organizational risk readiness predicts the degree of risk exposure. The study utilized a quantitative research design employing descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Data were collected from 116 staff members of selected microfinance institutions in Ilocos Norte using a structured survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using mean, composite mean, and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that microfinance institutions in Ilocos Norte demonstrate a very high level of organizational risk readiness, with an overall mean of 5.68, interpreted as “Very Ready.” This indicates that risk governance structures, policies, technological capacity, financial resilience, and monitoring systems are well established within the institutions. In terms of operational practices, the results showed that the extent of practices of microfinance institutions is “Almost Always Practiced,” with an overall mean of 5.87. Among the service areas, micro-savings services obtained the highest composite mean, followed by microinsurance and microcredit services, while fund transfer services obtained the lowest composite mean, although all were still interpreted as almost always practiced. Despite the high level of readiness and consistent practices, the results revealed that microfinance institutions experience a high level of risk exposure, with an overall mean of 2.89 interpreted as “High Exposure.” Among the risk categories, liquidity risk obtained the highest exposure, followed by operational risk and credit risk, while market and external risk obtained the lowest exposure, though still classified as high. Regression analysis further showed that selected components of organizational risk readiness significantly predict risk exposure. Specifically, Risk Monitoring, Reporting and Compliance significantly predicted Credit Risk, while Risk Governance significantly predicted Operational Risk, Liquidity Risk, and Market and External Risk at the 0.05 level of significance. These findings suggest that governance structures and monitoring systems play critical roles in influencing the level of institutional risk exposure. Based on the findings, the study proposes a Strategic Risk Management Framework for Microfinance Institutions in Ilocos Norte aimed at strengthening governance, monitoring systems, operational resilience, liquidity stability, and market adaptability. The framework seeks to bridge the gap between organizational readiness and actual risk outcomes to enhance institutional sustainability and resilience in the microfinance sector.

PurposeOncology drug shortages have significant implications on patient care, particularly with curative intent therapeutic strategies. This case series highlights strategic management for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) in the setting of recent dacarbazine and vinblastine shortages without compromising outcomes.SummarycHL is a highly curable malignancy with initial treatment strategies incorporating chemotherapy, radiation therapy, chemoradiotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy. The standard of care for patients with cHL includes a backbone of doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) based therapies in combination with either bleomycin, brentuximab vedotin (BV), or nivolumab. However, in 2023, critical shortages of dacarbazine and vinblastine led to rationing of these agents, raising concerns for a paucity of clear management strategies in patients with cHL. The three patients described in this case series received lower cumulative doses of standard chemotherapy as opposed to alternative therapies without compromising outcomes.ConclusionTreatment of advanced stage cHL during dacarbazine and vinblastine shortage requires careful consideration of alternative therapies and collaborative effort among healthcare professionals. This case series highlights that with a response‐added approach and vigilant monitoring, effective cancer treatment strategies may be implemented despite drug shortages.

Abstract Background When large-scale disasters exhaust civilian federal agencies’ assets, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency can issue mission assignments to the Department of War (DoW) to leverage its unique, self-sustaining logistical and operational capabilities. Despite the DoW’s critical role, empirical analyses characterizing military involvement in civilian-led disaster response remain scarce, limiting the potential for proactive strategic planning. This study aimed to provide a data-driven baseline of DoW contributions to domestic disaster relief. Methods This study characterized DoW contributions to U.S. disaster response by analyzing 4,065 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mission assignments issued between 2012–2024. Mission assignments were analyzed by geographic location, disaster type, event timing, personnel types deployed, and associated Emergency Support Function. Results The DoW supported 37% of all original FEMA mission assignments during the study period. Activity peaked during the 2017 hurricane season and the COVID-19 pandemic. Tropical cyclones and hurricanes in low-lying coastal states and island territories, and biological incidents in densely populated areas, were the primary drivers for DoW assistance. The DoW primarily supported Emergency Support Functions relating to Public Works and Engineering, Logistics, and Information and Planning activities. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was the most active entity, involved in 38% of all DoW-supported mission assignments. Conclusion As an essential federal partner in managing increasingly complex, large-scale disasters, a data-informed picture of the DoW’s contributions is vital for strategically optimizing operational planning and resource deployments to protect the health and well-being of the American public.

Highlights Ansoff's book Corporate Strategy shaped Mintzberg's early intellectual direction. In the early 1970s, Ansoff catalyzed the field by connecting European strategy scholars. His institutional groundwork culminated in the Strategic Management Society (1980). Mintzberg never engaged with Ansoff's holistic school; in interviews he seemed puzzled and never revised his own strategy schools framework. Beyond debate, Mintzberg remembered Ansoff with respect and affection.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop an integrated approach to the strategic management of joint-stock companies’ efficiency based on the combination of digital transformation and ESG principles in the Ukrainian agribusiness sector. Methodology. The study is based on system and structural-functional approaches, as well as methods of comparative analysis, generalization, synthesis, and conceptual modeling. Results. The article proposes an integrated model of strategic efficiency management that combines digital technologies and ESG principles into a single adaptive system. A new integral indicator ESGE (Environmental-Social-Governance Efficiency) is introduced: ESGE = α·E_fin + β·E_env + γ·E_soc + δ·E_dig. The model accounts for the mediating effects of supply chain resilience and green innovation, as well as the moderating impact of geopolitical risks. Model calculations show that the integration of digital tools increases the digital efficiency component (E_dig) by 18–25 %, while ESG practices improve environmental and social components by 10–20 %, resulting in a 14.6–21.3 % increase in the overall ESGE indicator depending on the level of digital maturity. The proposed cyclical model with a data-driven feedback loop ensures continuous adaptation to a turbulent environment. Practical implications. The proposed model and ESGE indicator can be used by joint-stock companies in the Ukrainian agribusiness sector to develop corporate strategies under conditions of digitalization, war risks, and post-war recovery. Implementation of the model enhances investment attractiveness, transparency, long-term resilience, and access to green financing. The results can support the development of public policies for digital and green economic transformation.

Cloud computing allows scalable resource provisioning, but dynamic workload changes often lead to higher costs due to over-provisioning. Machine learning (ML) approaches, such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, are effective for predicting workload patterns at a higher level, but they can introduce delays during sudden traffic spikes. In contrast, mathematical heuristics like Game Theory provide fast and reliable scheduling decisions, but they do not account for future workload changes. To address this trade-off, this paper proposes a hybrid orchestration framework that combines LSTM-based predictive scaling with heuristic task allocation. The results show that this approach reduces infrastructure costs close to ML-based models while maintaining fast response times similar to heuristic methods. This work presents a practical approach for improving cost efficiency in cloud resource management.

There is much research published on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); what it means, what it looks like, how to do it and the benefits for an organization. There is a lot less research on Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSI) although people have experienced this facet more frequently. This book offers a timely, interdisciplinary exploration of how corporate executives navigate the moral ambiguity between CSR and CSI. While CSR is often idealized as ethical and strategic, and CSI dismissed as aberrant or deviant, this work challenges that binary by showing how both can co-exist within the same organizations, leadership decisions, and legitimacy strategies. Drawing from executive psychology and behavioral ethics the book advances a new conceptual framework: corporate social behavior is shaped not by fixed moral commitments but by the dynamic interplay between psychological characteristics, contextual pressures and the strategic management of legitimacy. The research offers a realistic, behaviorally grounded lens for scholars, practitioners, and educators seeking to understand the contradictions of modern corporate leadership. It is especially relevant in today’s climate of increasing scrutiny of corporate virtue signalling, reputational risk, and executive accountability.