The article analyzes certain determinants of the rule of law in specific countries, namely, the French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The authors outline the peculiarities of France’s formation as a modern democratic state governed by the rule of law and identify certain factors that contributed to the establishment of the rule of law in France. It has been established that a number of factors contributed to the development of the rule of law in Germany; however, the responsibility of every citizen, as well as that of various organizations, the maturity and high responsibility of the populace, and the advancement of cultural and moral values were the main drivers. The features of Great Britain as a state of law and its legal system are analyzed. It is emphasized that the rule of law in Great Britain was formed under the influence of legal consciousness, the legal culture of the people, and the dynamic development of public life, from the formation of small citizen organizations to mass movements. It is concluded that by examining the variables that affect the development of the rule of law in the examples of specific countries like Great Britain, Germany, and France, it is possible to identify a universal list of specific factors that significantly impact the formation of the state as a rule of law, taking into account the experiences of the selected countries.

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la tipificación y criterios de indemnización adoptados por la jurisprudencia frente a los daños de contenido no patrimonial en el marco de la responsabilidad civil médica. Desde la perspectiva de una investigación teórica y bajo un enfoque cualitativo, en aras de satisfacer un interés de justicia, se concluye sobre la necesidad de que los jueces revisen los actuales criterios base para la reparación con el fin de permitir que sea la equidad y no la reparación integral el instrumento idóneo para el resarcimiento, cuando de daños extrapatrimoniales se trata.

This article examines the legal regime of the martial state in Ukraine and its impact on the conduct of pre-trial investigations. The article begins with an overview of the current political and legal situation in Ukraine and highlights the importance of studying the legal regime of the martial state. It then explores the definition, characteristics, legal basis, and framework of the martial state in Ukraine, as well as the powers and restrictions of military authorities during the martial state. The article also analyzes the impact of the martial state on pre-trial investigations, including the limitations and challenges faced by law enforcement agencies, the effects of the martial state on the rights of suspects, defendants, and victims, and judicial control over pre-trial investigations during the martial state. Furthermore, the article examines the new challenges faced by law enforcement agencies during the martial state in Ukraine and proposes possible solutions and strategies to overcome these challenges in pre-trial investigations. Finally, the article concludes with a summary of the main findings and highlights the importance of further research on the legal regime of the martial state and its impact on pre-trial investigations in Ukraine.

En medio de la dicotomía que se plantea entre la eficacia económica y jurídica de los contratos, el presente estudio realiza una reflexión sobre los controles a los que se deben someter los contenidos contractuales a fin de determinar la abusividad de las cláusulas que hacen parte de estos. Todo en medio de una investigación teórica bajo un enfoque cualitativo de la problemática planteada con el objetivo de que el juez pueda evaluar la abusividad de una cláusula y garantizar la libertad contractual.

This article provides a comparative analysis of law enforcement’s approach to domestic violence in Ukraine and Colombia, two countries with vast cultural and demographical differences. Drawing upon an extensive review of existing literature and empirical research, the study delves into the various ways in which law enforcement can play a part in the restoration of fundamental rights for victims, shedding light on its underlying factors of systematicity and non bis in idem, and the interplay of individual, legal, and societal influences. It begins by defining domestic violence and identifying how, from a legal standpoint, both countries have addressed the physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse suffered by victims of domestic violence. The article discusses potential solutions and emphasizes the importance of implementing relevant international and regional instruments. Overall, it aims to deepen the understanding of domestic violence in Ukraine and Colombia by synthesizing existing research, highlighting the complex dynamics involved, and exploring strategies for prevention and intervention by law enforcement. By raising awareness and fostering a comprehensive approach, it contributes to the collective efforts intended to eradicate domestic violence and create a safer and more equitable society for all.

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