The congruence principle in criminal proceedings is the factual and legal correlation between the conviction and the charge. In terms of the current Colombian Code of Criminal Procedure, this correlation must occur between the counts contained in the indictment and those in the conviction and between the crimes for which a sentence is requested and those in the conviction. The problem identified in the analysis of the congruence principle in the Colombian criminal procedure lies in the possible lack of adequacy between the legislation establishing this principle and the characteristics of the adopted adversarial criminal procedural system. Through basic legal research, the characteristics of the Colombian adversarial criminal procedural system and the Supreme Court of Justice are discussed and compared with countries such as Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Puerto Rico, the United States, Germany, and Spain, identifying that the Spanish system applies to Colombia.

This research article aims to analyze compliance with the guarantee of the rights of pregnant women, unborn children, and newborns when they are victims of wrongful damage caused by the Colombian State. It also intends to identify the advantages of state liability insurance, which seeks to protect the State’s assets. The damage victims are subjects of special reinforced constitutional and conventional protection. Numerous relevant changes have been made seeking the protection of their guarantees, which is why this investigation is highly relevant. These subjects, direct consumers of a medicalservice, have a special safeguard of their rights by the healthcare provider, i.e., a health professional or public or private legal entity that facilitates the provision of this service. When the patient’s guarantees are affected by the public servant’s negligent, reckless, or violative action of the lex artis, illegal damages arise that need compensation. Compensation is made effective based on the cause of the damage or by the insurer of the victimizer. Because these victims are subjects of special constitutional and conventional protection, the Colombian Council of State has established the payment of significant sums of money to guarantee the fundamental right to comprehensive compensation. Consequently, the State transfers the risk to an insurance company that guarantees the payment of this compensation. This research adopted a qualitative approach with an exploratory and critical scope, supported by a critical and holistic hermeneutic method, documentary review techniques, and conversation with experts. Scopus, Scielo, Publindex, and Latindex databases, among others, were established as research tools.

Se indagó la forma como los jóvenes sancionados por delitos participan en el proceso judicial, las instituciones y con su comunidad, en razón a que están adscritos a un proceso pedagógico que los prepara para empoderarlos en derechos y ejercer ciudadanía prosocial. Para recabar los datos se aplicó una encuesta a la muestra nacional compuesta por 355 jóvenes. El procesamiento y análisis de la información permiten identificar que los jóvenes no siempre se consideran consultados activamente y que posiblemente exista una generalizada información sobre los procesos, así mismo, el análisis reflexivo caracteriza importantes retos para fortalecer el ejercicio de la participación al interior de las instituciones que conforman el sistema de responsabilidad penal adolescente en Colombia.

El artículo parte del entendimiento del modelo en el que se ejecuta la actividad portuaria en Colombia a efectos de realizar un análisis de las competencias que actualmente son ejercidas por las entidades relevantes en dicho ámbito con el ánimo de identificar aquellas que se proyectan sobre asuntos relativos a la sostenibilidad o a consideraciones de índole ambiental. En este sentido, los autores se plantean si el actual marco de competencias realmente es suficiente y si además existen incentivos para la adopción de buenas prácticas o comportamientos sostenibles en el ámbito portuario en Colombia. Finalmente de manera sucinta los autores plantean algunas ideas sobre el tipo de iniciativas que se podrían adoptar en el sector para impulsar o incentivar comportamientos más adecuados desde la perspectiva sostenible en el entorno de las actividades portuarias.

Son examinados los cuestionamientos sobre la existencia de demasiados abogados y las consecuencias que pretenden derivarse: exceso de litigiosidad, problemas éticos, corrupción, uso indebido de instituciones jurídicas y consecuencias económicas nocivas. Al respecto, se rebaten las cifras de abogados y los efectos que se atribuyen a su exceso. El análisis crítico anterior lleva a probar el papel que juegan los discursos discutidos para generar una mayor exclusión social. Establecido esto, el estudio procura develar las distintas aristas que exponen la desigualdad y la exclusión social para la profesión de abogado.

In Colombia, the indigenous people are recognized as a special population and can establish self-governance regulations in their territories. Although this provision materialized with the Constitution of 1991, the spread of globalization and dynamics of domination around the world have created neocolonial challenges for native peoples. Such is the case of the indigenous reservations of Cañamomo Lomaprieta, which have experienced impositions when introducing their agricultural practices. These communities have organized resistance to consolidate food sovereignty respectful of their worldview. This research article aims to elucidate, based on decolonial and postcolonial approaches, the resistance processes undertaken by the Cañamomo Lomaprieta reservation in the Riosucio municipality as examples of responses to the neocolonial dynamics prevalent in the agribusiness economy today; transnational companies have been developing this economy in the third food regime. Practices such as the conservation of native seeds to avoid bioengineering are described, in addition to presenting ancestral methods to ensure that food, sustainable crops, and knowledge survive for a long time.

The existence of a dynamic and pluralistic Indonesian society’s social life is threatened by the marriage regulations that have been established. This was stated in the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia in the case reviewing Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and its amendment in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974. The existence of this regulation triggers the degradation of differentiation as well as social diversity. This research formulates two problem statements: a) Why are interfaith marriages in Indonesia banned? and b) What is the social impact of the regulation prohibiting interfaith marriages in Indonesia? The purpose of this research is to analyze the social impact of the prohibition of interfaith marriages in Indonesia through the decision of the Constitutional Court. By using the research method of interviews with informants in the Buleleng Regency and Denpasar Municipality areas, as well as critical discourse analysis to study the articles in these laws and regulations, this paper will provide an analysis of the implications arising from the prohibition of interfaith marriages. The findings indicate that the prohibition of interfaith marriages impacts the deprivatization of the social lives of citizens. This means that the realm of intimacy for each individual has been intervened in by the state through the regulations it creates. Second, the decision of the Constitutional Court has an impact on social depluralization, meaning that the potential for amalgamation among citizens of different religious backgrounds is blocked. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and its update in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 has become a trigger for social convergence. Its existence ‘amputates’ the fundamental lines that support the diverse lives of Indonesian society.

El precedente jurisprudencial en Colombia ha sido una evolución de significativa importancia en la noción de fuentes del Derecho Administrativo porque ha determinado que las decisiones de las altas cortes tienen fuerza normativa de manera idéntica que la ley, en sentido formal. Esto da lugar a que se generen estados de seguridad y confianza que llevan a las personas a tomar en cuenta dichos criterios jurisprudenciales cuando acuden a la jurisdicción como fundamento de la reclamación y garantía de derechos, pues les da seguridad y confianza que dichas posturas jurisprudenciales se van a mantener uniformes y constantes. Sin embargo, en ocasiones dichos precedentes son cambiados de manera sorpresiva, lo que puede generar situaciones de incertidumbre e inestabilidad, dando lugar a que se causen daños antijurídicos y por tal razón, indemnizables. En tales circunstancias, el problema de investigación que se plantea consiste en determinar: ¿en qué medida los cambios del precedente jurisprudencial pueden generar responsabilidad del Estado? Este problema de investigación se puede resolver indicando que, en la medida en que viole principios de seguridad y confianza legítima, que defrauden expectativas legítimas, los cambios jurisprudenciales van a generar responsabilidad del Estado. Por tal razón, es preciso consagrar los siguientes objetivos: 1) Analizar el precedente jurisprudencial y sus relaciones con las regulaciones normativas constitucionales vigentes, especialmente en lo previsto en el artículo 230 de la Carta Superior. 2) Verificar la forma en que se desarrollan los cambios de precedente en el sistema jurídico colombiano. 3) Estudiar las afectaciones de los principios de seguridad jurídica y confianza legítima por los cambios de precedente jurisprudencial. 4) Determinar cómo operan las afectaciones patrimoniales, es decir, los daños antijurídicos derivados de los cambios de precedente.

La defensa y el respeto de la dignidad humana y de los derechos humanos es el fin supremo de la sociedad y del Estado. Emerge como un límite superior al ejercicio de la soberanía, así como de cualquier poder público, incluido el propio poder constituyente. Este debe ser el criterio fundamental que oriente al intérprete en el ejercicio de la concordancia práctica entre las normas de la Constitución entre sí y entre los valores y principios constitucionales y las normas infraconstitucionales.

This research paper evaluates the 2013 Land Law and the most recent 2024 Land Law in Vietnam, focusing on key provisions, compensation, public purpose, and the challenges and failures faced by these laws. The discussion also provides a critical analysis of the laws based on various theories, including New Institutional Economics, the Human Rights approach, public interest theory, and property rights theory. The current Land Law in Vietnam has faced various challenges, including inadequate compensation, lack of transparency and accountability, protection of human rights, and the rule of law. To address these challenges, the government can implement policy suggestions such as ensuring adequate compensation, promoting transparency and accountability, protecting human rights, encouraging public-private partnerships, and strengthening the rule of law. By addressing these issues, the Land Law in Vietnam can become more effective and consistent with international human rights standards, contributing to stability, development, and economic growth in the country. Finally, the research paper has provided policy suggestions for the future improvement of land acquisition regulations in Vietnam.