5-Pentadecylresorcinol (C15) is a natural alkylresorcinol that has been shown to protect against complications caused by imbalanced nutrition. Although the exact mechanisms of beneficial activity of C15 are not known, we assume that the protective effects of C15 on metabolic health are mediated by their modulatory influence on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and functional activity. Cobamides and vitamin B12 are believed to be crucial modulators of mammalian gut ecosystems. We proposed that C15 may influence the representation of enzymes and pathways for vitamin B12 synthesis in the gut microbiome, providing compositional and functional changes in the microbial community. High-throughput metagenome sequencing of the contents of the small and large intestines of C57Bl6 mice fed a regular or high-fat diet with or without C15 supplementation was performed followed by reconstruction of the metabolic activity of the microbiota to clarify the role of C15 in vitamin B12 synthesis by the gut microbiota. It has been established that C15 significantly increases the representation of the cobalamin salvage pathway and enzymes in the microbiome of the large intestine of mice fed a high-fat diet. The genera Clostridium, AF12, and [Ruminococcus] had shown the highest number of correlations with enzymes for B12 synthesis and were negatively associated with the representation of probiotic bacteria. Therefore, the beneficial effect of C15 on the gut microbiota community can be achieved by modulating B12 synthesis that, in turn, serves as one of the key regulators of gut microbiota ecology.

BACKGROUND: Over the past 40 years, the incidence of obesity in children aged 5 to 19 has increased tenfold. Due to the growth of childhood obesity as a socially significant chronic non-communicable disease, since 2014 the World Health Organization has announced the need to monitor the physical development of children and adolescents in order to develop actual methods to decrease the prevalence of childhood obesity and monitoring their implementation.AIM: To determine the actual prevalence of childhood obesity in Tyumen region among children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A one-time continuous study of 5,130 students of preschool and school institutions of Tyumen region from 3 to 18 years old was conducted as part of preventive examinations of underage children. The study included measurement of height, body weight, determination of body mass index (BMI) and calculation of SDS (SDS — standard deviation score) BMI for a certain age and gender. Assessment of physical development was carried out according to WHO criteria (2005, 2007).RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Tyumen region was 15.2% and 8.4%, accordingly, among boys over weight and obesity were diagnosed in 13.5% of cases, among girls — in 10.2%. While analyzing the periods of childhood it was found that obesity is 1.4 and 2.1 times more common among boys than among girls at preschool and primary school age, accordingly, p=0,027 and p<0,001. In the clinical structure of obesity, grade I obesity was significantly more often observed — 55.5%, p=0,027.CONCLUSION: The actual prevalence of childhood obesity in the Tyumen region is 8.4%. In general, among girls, obesity was registered in 5.4% of cases, and among boys it was twice as much — 10.7%. SDS BMI more them +3,1 are more often diagnosed in preschool and primary school age.

BACKGROUND: Male hypogonadism is associated with obesity, therefore, it is of interest to study its frequency. The clinical symptoms of hypogonadism are not specific, and laboratory diagnostics is the basis for its detection. The optimal method for this diagnostics is isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, which was used in our study.AIM: To assess of the incidence and features of hypogonadism in men with obesity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A full-design, cross-sectional, screening, single-center, non-interventional study of hypogonadal men with obesity, who were treated in Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow. The study was conducted from January 2023 to May 2024. Medical history assessment, physical examination with determination of body mass index (BMI), measurement estimation of total testosterone by isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, lipid profiles and uric acid were performed. The groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test for quantitative indicators and χ² with Yates’ correction for qualitative ones. Differences were considered statistically significant with p <0,05.RESULTS: Hypogonadism was detected in 230 (76,7 (95% CI 71,9–81,5)%) men with obesity. The prevalence of male hypogonadism in overweight was 63,7 (95% CI 53,2–74,3)% of cases, in 1st degree obesity — 74,8 (95% CI 66,8–82,7)%, in 2nd degree obesity — 88,2 (95% CI 76,1–95,6)% and in 3rd degree obesity — 88,9 (95% CI 77,4–95,8)%. Patients with hypogonadism had statistically significantly higher levels of cholesterol, uric acid and triglycerides compared to eugonadal men.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of male hypogonadism in obesity was 76,7 (95% CI 71,9–81,5)%. It was associated with dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia.

In case of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, the attention of patients and physicians is drawn to the clinical manifestations of pituitary adenoma, including associated metabolic disorders. The success of conservative methods of treating prolactinomas, the development and implementation of new approaches to the treatment of aggressive and resistant pituitary adenomas allow us to focus on non-obvious pathological conditions accompanying prolactin-secreting adenomas. These include secondary bone metabolism disorders with decreased bone mineral density (BMD), leading to osteoporosis and low-traumatic fractures. The key to effective prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is timely and accurate diagnostics, but not all methods for determining BMD developed to date can be characterized in this way. This paper highlights the use of new methods for diagnosing osteoporosis in the context of its high risk in hormonally active pituitary adenomas, in particular in prolactinomas, using a real clinical case as an example

Childhood obesity is an urgent problem of pediatric endocrinology due to the widespread occurrence, the development of metabolic complications and their steady tracking into adulthood. The developed clinical guidelines are the main working tool of the practitioner. They briefly and structurally present the main information about the epidemiology and modern classification of obesity, methods of its diagnosis and treatment based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.

Asthma and obesity are diseases characterized by variability in the course and possible complications, the frequency of which is steadily increasing from year to year. The correlation between obesity and asthma is still an acute problem of the health care system. Representing very common diseases, they aggravate each other’s course and significantly worsen the quality of life. Polyphenols are a promising option to solve the existing problem. These low molecular weight compounds are biologically active substances capable of influencing on many metabolic processes in the body. This review demonstrates the multiple properties of these unique micronutrients, including antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, metabolic, neuroprotective and many others. The integration of polyphenols into the daily diet can contribute to strengthening public health, reducing the frequency and progression of socially significant diseases, and using these compounds in diseases such as asthma and obesity, according to numerous modern studies, it is possible to achieve a significant therapeutic effect at all. The purpose of this literature review is to trace the correlation between the effect of using polyphenols and changes in the course of the disease and quality of life in patients with asthma on the background of obesity, based on facts from advanced sources

Over the past few decades, obesity has become a growing public health problem worldwide. The goal of fighting obesity is to improve health. Sustained weight loss of more than 10% of the total body weight improves the course of many obesity-related diseases, as well as the quality of life. The high effectiveness of bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity in achieving significant and sustained weight loss has been demonstrated in several studies. In most centers where bariatric surgery is performed, the recommendation for preoperative weight loss is followed. The enlarged left lobe of the liver makes it difficult to access the stomach and, accordingly, prevents technically correct operation. Weight loss before bariatric surgery reduces the risk of complications in the postoperative period, and therefore preoperative preparation in the form of hypocaloric nutrition and regular physical activity is recommended for patients, considering concomitant pathology. One of the problems in the postoperative period is the need to change the usual lifestyle and diet due to the need to follow the recommendations of the attending physician. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of life after surgery due to psychoemotional overstrain. The nutrition of bariatric patients implies significant changes associated with a decrease in the amount of food consumed, difficulty in assimilation of nutrients, and the poverty of flavors offered up to this day in the specialized nutrition market. With the help of food products within the framework of low-calorie diets, it becomes almost impossible to feed such a patient without reducing their nutritional value. In 2024, balanced low-calorie nutrition OPTIFAST® (OPTIFAST) appeared on the Russian market, which has proven itself worldwide for more than 50 years and has shown its effectiveness and safety in more than 80 international clinical trials with a high level of evidence. OPTIFAST provides the patient with all the necessary nutrients and allows you to manage the daily calorie intake, gives the patient a feeling of satiety necessary for high adherence to a low-calorie diet, which is indicated for patients with obesity and overweight.

BACKGROUND: True gynecomastia is associated with excess body mass, which is caused by an imbalance of androgens/estrogens. Therefore, there is an interest in evaluating the possibility of drug therapy for this condition through the use of antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors.AIM: To evaluate the possibility of drug therapy for true gynecomastia in adult men with excess body mass through the use of clomiphene or letrozole.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included men with newly developed gynecomastia and excess body mass who sought medical help at the Endocrinology Research Center from January 2020 to May 2024, and received either clomiphene therapy or letrozole for a period of 4 weeks. All patients were evaluated for the condition of their breast glands, total bilirubin, liver transaminases, creatinine, urea, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, total testosterone, alpha-fetoprotein, and chorionic gonadotropin. The baseline level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.RESULTS: With clomiphene treatment, no statistically significant differences were found in the evaluated parameters, except for estradiol and testosterone levels, which increased. Clomiphene therapy worsened the condition of three patients (13% (95% CI 2,8;33,6)) - they experienced breast pain that was not present at the time of prescription. With letrozole treatment, there was a positive trend - all evaluated parameters significantly improved. Comparing the changes in the studied parameters, it was found that letrozole treatment had a better effect in terms of the severity of gynecomastia (-1[0;-1] degree), reduction in estradiol levels (-31,7[-8,8;-90,8] pmol/l), and also reduced the number of patients willing to undergo surgical removal of gynecomastia (-63,4% (95% CI -46,9;-77,9)).CONCLUSION: The use of an aromatase inhibitor reduces the severity of gynecomastia and decreases the number of patients willing to undergo surgical removal.

Morbid obesity is a pathology associated with a complex of metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, leading to extremely negative health consequences, which necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The presented clinical case is an example of a combination of primary (exogenous-constitutional) obesity with two other endocrine diseases, and it demonstrates the importance of determining the optimal treatment tactic for a patient with morbid obesity, taking into account his concomitant diseases. Step-by-step patient treatment was carried out by a team of therapeutic and surgical specialists

Currently, 879 million adults in the world are obese. Obesity and type 2 diabetes have common key pathophysiological mechanisms. Weight loss is an integral part of diabetes management. Advances in the study of the pathogenesis of obesity contribute to the development and introduction into clinical practice of innovative technologies to combat the epidemic of obesity and diabetes mellitus. New drugs take effect at the level of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscles. The safety of gene therapy is being evaluated, and the potential of special methods of drug delivery to target tissues is being studied. Randomized clinical studies show that the effectiveness of a number of new pharmacological drugs in weight loss and carbohydrate metabolism normalization is already almost comparable to that of bariatric surgery. This review summarizes the literature on the prospects for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes based on developments primarily in the field of peptide drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and RNA therapy.