In this study, aluminum (Al) doped Fe2O3 thin film nanoparticles with varying concentrations were prepared using hydrothermal and spray coating methods. Advanced characterization techniques, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), were used to evaluate the optical and morphological properties of the films. Structural studies using X-ray diffraction confirmed the film phase and revealed a polycrystalline structure composed of nanocrystals. FE-SEM was used to verify the morphology. Results showed a typical particle size range of 54 to 36 nanometers. EDS data indicated an Al atomic doping fraction of 6.4% in the Fe2O3. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the optical properties of the films, including band gap, transmittance, and absorptivity. Optical analysis revealed an optical band gap of approximately 1.9–2.3 eV in the 340–900 nm wavelength range, which varied with concentration and preparation process. The samples prepared by the spray coating method exhibited a more regular structure, consistent with the structural and optical properties of samples prepared by both methods. Furthermore, it is important to point out that these materials must be considered in a broader context, as they have potential applications in various technological fields.1

This study investigates the biological potential of Seidlitzia stocksii-mediated Ag/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized using plant extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The aqueous stem extract of S. stocksii (SSAE) was evaluated for its phytochemical composition, revealing a total phenolic content (TPC) of 47.91 mg GAE/g and a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 40.78 mg QE/g at the highest tested concentration. The biosynthesized Ag/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were assessed for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and membrane-stabilizing potential. The NPs were further evaluated for their anti-cancerous potential against HepG2 carcinoma cells, while their mutagenic properties were examined using the Ames test. Antioxidant analysis demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in activity, with DPPH radical scavenging reaching 47.32% and reducing power measured at 38.76%. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, showing a concentration-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition (ZOI). Among the tested strains, E. coli showed the highest susceptibility, with a ZOI ranging from 12 to 23 mm. Hemolytic analysis revealed that erythrocyte lysis remained below the ASTM threshold, with 4.76% hemolysis observed at 120 mg/mL. Cytotoxic evaluation via MTT assays on HepG2 cells indicated 86.87% cell viability, supporting NPs’ potential anticancer activity. Genotoxicity assessment using S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 revealed no significant increase in revertant colony count, confirming the non-mutagenic nature of NPs. Collectively, these findings indicate that S. stocksii-mediated Ag/Cu-NPs exhibit multifunctional biological activities, establishing these NPs as safe, biocompatible agents with antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer potential. Future mechanistic and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings and support their practical application.

Nanocomposites, primarily consisting of metal oxide nanoparticles, have advanced drug delivery and cancer therapy. These nanoparticles are smart for biomedical relevance owing to their biocompatibility, ease of functionalization and capability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for cancer treatment. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of TiO2 and ZnO NPs along with their nanocomposites, functionalized with polymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (F.A) individually as well as nanocomposites, and loaded with anti-cancer drug Doxorubicin (DOX). The ROS generation and cytotoxic effects of samples were assessed in human liver cancer cells, demonstrating their potential to induce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The results showed that individual nanoparticles produced significant ROS and exhibited higher toxicity, while their composites, particularly modified PEG, F.A and DOX had reduced cytotoxicity. This indicates that the functionalizing NPs can reduce the harmful effects of ROS. Ultimately, these findings highlight the potential of nanoparticle design to enhance therapeutic efficiency while minimizing toxicity to normal tissues, contributing to more effective cancer treatment strategies.

This study reports the design and theoretical evaluation of Tanatril-based prodrugs conjugated with carboxymethyl and succinic acid amylose via ester linkages to improve solubility, permeability, and action. Utilizing Density Functional Theory (B3LYP/6-31G (d,p))was used to calculate electronic descriptors (HOMO, LUMO, ΔE, η, S, χ, ω), providing insights into stability and reactivity. Molecular docking against bacterial DNA gyrase (PDB: 1UZE) showed enhanced binding affinities, with Tanatril-carboxymethyl (– 8.17 kcal/mol) and Tanatril-succinic acid amylose (–11.10 kcal/mol) outperforming the parent drug. These results suggest promising candidates for further synthesis and biological testing

Tin oxide is a promising candidate for high-impact applications in optoelectronic devices. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the systematic study of the preparation of tin oxide thin film (spray pyrolysis technique) with variations at glass substrate temperatures of 325 °C, 375 °C, 425 °C. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that SnO2 has a polycrystalline tetragonal-shaped structure with space group P42/mnm. Crystallite size, lattice parameter, and lattice strain were increased with increasing substrate temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy/Atomic Force Microscopy images show that cuboidshaped particles with few pores are distributed over the surface. AFM also demonstrated the root means square roughness was varying from 0.285nm - 0.290nm. RAMAN spectroscopy identifies primarily A1g, B2g,, doubly degenerate Eg vibrational modes in thin films.

Imidacloprid is a common pesticide, which can leach into groundwater and cause lethal diseases in humans. So, it is needful to degrade the imidacloprid from water via a green approach. So, the Al2O3/GO nanocomposites (Al2O3/GO NCs) were synthesized through a green hydrothermal approach. The alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were prepared using Cymbopogon citrus (Lemongrass) leave extract and Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared with the Hummer’s process. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, and FTIR to determine composition and functional groups, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid from water carried under sunlight and was monitored by a UVvisible spectrophotometer. The impact of parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, catalyst dose, oxidant, and pesticide dose were also observed during photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid. At optimized values of all parameters (i.e., Temperature: 340K, pH: 3, Al2O3/GO: 90 mg/L, H2O2: 8 mM, imidacloprid: 4 ppm), the 98.09% imidacloprid degradation was noted after 90 minutes. Thus, the Al2O3/GO NCs are excellent photocatalysts with high degradation ability, stability, and reusability.

In this research Ag2O and Vo2 were prepared by using the simple chemical method in three different ratio S1(VO2)100% , S2 (VO2)75% : (Ag2O)25% , S3( VO2)50% : (Ag2O)50% , S4 ( VO2)25% : (Ag2O)75% and S5(Ag2O)100% deposited on glasses substrate using the drop casting method . Both structural and optical examinations were conducted for these films, where the XRD examination confirmed the composition of each of the two prepared materials, with calculation of each of the crystalline size, micro strain and dislocation density. The AFM and SEM techniques showed that all the prepared films had smooth semi-spherical shapes with the presence of rough particles in very small quantity. The UV examination clearly showed that the two prepared films had a high transmission increases with increasing the wavelength with a very low absorbance within the range (200-1000) nm with calculation of the energy gap for both prepared films. The effective bonds of the two material Ag2O and Vo2 were identified, which were different between stretching bonds and bending bonds using the FTIR technique. The two thin films were applied as antidotes to five different types of bacteria that are harmful to living organism. The effectiveness of these films in fighting these diverse bacteria was proven in this research.

Graphene oxide (GO) layers were obtained by oxidation of graphite. Using iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNP) and GO and by GO reduction, a set of reduced nanocomposites FeNP@GO and FeNP@rGO were obtained. Reduction of GO allowed additional functionalization of active centers in rGO. Control of the properties and structure of the formed nanocomposites was carried out by physicochemical methods (X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), chemical analysis). FeNP@GO and FeNP@rGO nanocomposites were used to remove harmful cations from water.