Until 2022, there will still be many salted anchovies that contain formalin. This potential danger can be reduced by reducing the levels of formalin that may be contained in salted anchovies before consumption, one of which is by utilizing the saponin content in garlic peel waste. Garlic peel waste powder is proven to be able to reduce formalin levels in salted anchovies by up to 89.12%. However, the use of powder is less practical, and in a certain period, the powder can rot and emit an unpleasant odor. Therefore, an innovation is needed to transform the powder form into a formalin washer fluid. This study aims to determine the effect of garlic peel extract variation on several parameters evaluating the physical properties of formalin washing liquid. The extraction of garlic peel was done using the maceration method and a 70% ethanol solvent. Washing liquids were prepared using glycerin, PEG400, EDTA, and distilled water with varying extract concentrations. Evaluation of physical properties included organoleptic, pH value, specific gravity, viscosity, clarity, and physical stability of formalin washer fluid. The stability test of the physical properties of the sample liquid was carried out using the cycling test method. The samples were kept in storage conditions with extreme temperatures for 3 cycles. In each cycle, the test preparation was stored for 24 hours at 4±2oC and 24 hours at 40±2oC. The formalin washer fluid produced was in the form of a liquid with a weak to pungent garlic aroma, yellow to dark brown in color, homogeneous, clear, and had a pH value of 4. The more extract is used in the formalin washer fluid, the darker the color and the more pungent the garlic aroma will be. Increasing the concentration of garlic peel extract does not affect the pH and clarity of the preparation. The higher the concentration of extract is, the higher the specific gravity and viscosity will be. The selected formula is the formula with a 1% concentration of garlic peel extract.

Counterfeiting of food products with non-halal ingredients is starting to become a new problem in Indonesian society, the majority of whom are Muslim. One example of processed meat that is susceptible to the addition of pork components is corned beef. This research aims to determine the content and levels of fatty acids in corned beef. The method used to analyze halal food products is the GC method. The results showed that corned beef 1, 2, and 3 had dominant fatty acids such as myristic acid (1.58), (2.08), and (1.54), palmitic acid (49.91), (48.19) and (48.67), stearic acid (9.27), (10.20) and (7.24), oleic acid (58.89), (49.37) and (59.64), and linoleic acid (12.78), (8.16) and (11.53).

Anthelmintic medications are anticipated to act more quickly and have greater absorption. Mouth-dissolving albendazole tablets were created using a direct compression approach and a mixture of super disintegrants to accomplish rapid disintegration of the tablets in the oral cavity. The preparation of ten batches of mouth-dissolving tablets using different grades of Kollidon, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium as super disintegrants produced the greatest results. For a compatibility investigation, FTIR was used to characterize the drug and physical mixture. An optimization technique was used to forecast the most effective formulation out of all the prepared combinations. All the physical characteristics of the tablet are within the limit. All preformulation results indicated good flow properties. Disintegration time and drug content of the F4 batch were found to be 28 seconds and 95.69%, respectively. In vitro release of the drug was performed in a phosphorus buffer pH 6.8 for 40 min, in which F4 shows maximum drug release. Based on the stability studies, it was confirmed that the optimized formulation remained at accelerated stability conditions. It was discovered that the mouth-dissolving tablet exhibits effective drug release.

Pollution in the environment can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can reduce the amount of antioxidants in the skin. Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit oxidation reactions by binding to free radicals and reactive molecules. Herbaceous plant jotang (Acmella paniculata) has secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which can protect the internal and external organs of the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals on the skin. One of the treatment preparations used for the skin is a cream mask, as the use or application at the final level of skin care can improve cleanliness and health and stimulate and repair skin cells. This study aims to determine a formula that has a good antioxidant value using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrilhidrazyl). In this study, preparations were made with 3 formulas, namely Formula I (1% w/w), Formula II (10%w/w), and Formula 0 (Control). Evaluation of physical properties included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, spreadability tests, pH tests, viscosity tests, cream-type tests, and antioxidant tests. The result showed that the organoleptic test had a cream mask dosage in the form of semi-solid, distinctive jotang odor, light and dark green, had a homogeneous dosage form, spreadability around 5.1-5.7 with an average pH value of 6, had a good viscosity value and had a type of cream M/A and a high antioxidant value in formula II (10% w/w ) with an IC50 value of 21.959 μg/ml. Based on statistical tests, significant results were obtained of 0.000p (0.05) so that it can be interpreted that there was a significant difference in each concentration of jotang herb extract to the resulting IC50 value.

Rice bran (Oryza sativa) is a by-product of rice processing that contains bioactive terpenoid compounds such as oryzanol. This compound has many pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, etc. On the other hand, the essential oil of pomelo peel (Citrus maxima) has a refreshing aroma and also contains a variety of phytochemicals that are efficacious as antioxidants. This study aims to identify optimal formulations of shampoo with a combination of acetone extract from rice bran and essential oil of pomelo peel. Rice bran was extracted using acetone solvent, while essential oil from pomelo peel was obtained by distillation. Phytochemical screening of acetone extract showed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The extracts and essential oil were formulated into shampoo into 4 groups (FI, FII, FIII, FIV), which respectively contained 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% extract. The results showed the evaluation of the best physical shampoo in Formula III because volunteers preferred Formula III and its better foam stability. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the acetone extract of rice bran and the essential oil of pomelo peel could be formulated into good shampoo.

Lipstick is a cosmetic product for the lips consisting of pigments, oils, waxes, and moisturizers. Natural lipstick is safe to use and contains natural nutrients to maintain lip health. The use of synthetic dyes in lipstick can have adverse effects on the skin and health; hence, the use of natural dyes from various natural sources needs to be considered. Secang wood and Rosella flowers are plants with important compound contents that have antioxidant properties. Secang wood contains brazilin, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenylpropane, and terpenoids. Meanwhile, Rosella flowers that grow in tropical areas have anthocyanin pigments as part of flavonoids that function as antioxidants. This research aims to determine the formulation of lipstick containing extracts of Secang wood and Rosella flowers and to test the antioxidant activity of the preparation. Extraction was carried out by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent. Then, a phytochemical analysis was conducted to determine the extract content, and a lipstick formula was made by comparing the ratio of Rosella and Secang extracts. The optimal formula selection was performed using the Simplex Lattice Design method with quality testing parameters, including pH, melting point, hardness, and antioxidant activity of the preparation. The data analysis showed that the optimal ratio of the two extracts was 2.5% and 7.5% for Rosella and Secang extracts, respectively. At this composition, the optimum pH value was 5, the melting point was 57˚C, the hardness was 1.87 seconds, and the antioxidant activity was classified as strong.

Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. is widely used by the community to decorate the garden because of its splendor. In addition, Hibiscus flowers containing anthocyanin and flavonoids have antioxidants, which function as antioxidants against free radicals. This natural dye can be obtained by extracting Hibiscus flowers through maceration using 96% ethanol. In this research, Hibiscus flowers were obtained from Sendang Rejo Village, Lamongan Regency. In the extract process, the Hibiscus flower’s petals were blended until smooth, then added to 96% ethanol (1 liter) and stirred for 30 minutes. Filtrate results were taken, placed in a porcelain dish, and put in an oven at 60 °C for a day. Four formulas were made with varying levels of Hibiscus flower extract: F1 (0%), F2 (2%), F3 (4%), and F4 (6%). Physical evaluation included organoleptic, homogeneity, dispersibility, pH, and qualitative tests for the identification of anthocyanins. The results of the organoleptic, homogeneity, dispersion, pH, and identification of anthocyanins evaluations were then analyzed descriptively. The data from the organoleptic test indicated that F1 had an odorless white color, while F2, F3, and F4 had a red and white color with a distinctive Hibiscus flower aroma. The homogeneity test revealed that while F1 had good homogeneity, F2, F3, and F4 were not homogeneous (heterogeneous). The spreadability test on the four formulas did not fall within the range of requirements, namely 5-7 cm, with an average value of 3.53, but this was related to several significant reasons. In addition, the pH test results matched the requirements for topical preparations, namely 4.5–6.5, with an average value of 5.075. In conclusion, Hibiscus flower extract obtained through the maceration method with 96% ethanol could not give a homogeneous red color from the anthocyanin substance. Physical evaluation and anthocyanin identification tests also obtained good results.

Acmella oleracea L. (hereinafter abbreviated as AOE) is one of the plants with the potential for antithrombosis, one of the deadliest cardiovascular diseases in Indonesia. The antithrombotic activity test on AOE leaf extract revealed that it could lyse blood clots. However, no information regarding the AOE flower as an antithrombosis is provided. This study, thus, aims to determine the chromatography profile and the antithrombotic activity of the AOE flower ethanol extract. To identify the AOE chemical profile, thin-layer chromatography was carried out. Antithrombotic testing was performed on male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain. Then, the antithrombotic activity was tested using the FeCl3-induced rat method, with the observed parameter being total occlusion time. The test animals were also divided into six groups: normal, solvent (CMC-Na 0.9%), comparator drug (clopidogrel 8.67 mg/kg), and AOE (doses 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg). The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Tukey's. The TLC profile results confirmed the presence of the alkaloid compound in AOE. The authors also found that AOE at doses of 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg significantly prolonged the occlusion time comparable to that of clopidogrel at 8.67 mg/kg (p 0.05). This finding indicates that AOE has antithrombotic activity in FeCl3-induced rats.

Chronic non-healing ulcers are a variety of ulcers that occur mainly over the lower limb and are resistant to conventional therapy. There are modern treatments like various types of dressings and topical preparations available in the market. However, they are costly and may not be freely available to the general population. Topical usage of β2-AR antagonists like timolol may promote wound healing by enabling keratinocyte migration into the wound to initiate the re-epithelisation. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of topical timolol 0.5% in accelerating the wound healing process by observing the signs of healing. It is a prospective observational study conducted in Government General Hospital, Rangaya Medical Medical College, Kakinada, after getting Institutional Ethical Committee approval from March 2021 to March 2023. One hundred patients with Chronic non-healing foot ulcers were taken for this study. Mean age was 47.64.60% of the study population was in the 20-55 years age group. Reduction in mean ulcer area was on day 15 and day 30 with topical application of timolol.

Kelubut (Passiflora foetida L.), as an anti-inflammatory, is widely found in various regions in Indonesia, including in Central Kalimantan. Its main chemical compounds include alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids, and cyanogenic compounds. Flavonoids show more than a hundred kinds of bioactivity, including antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of kelubut leaf extract (Passiflora foetda L.) against mice (Mus musculus). This research went through a Pretest and Posttest Control Group Design with 5 treatment groups, negative control, positive control, and ethyl acetate extract of kelubut leaves with 3 doses of 250 mg/KgBW, 125mg/KgBW and 62.5 mg/KgBB. Before being given treatment, each treatment group was induced by carrageenin by sub-planar injection into the sole of the left leg of the mouse. Then, the edema developed rapidly and persisted for 6 hours. After being induced by carrageenin, the researchers waited for 30 minutes and measured the volume of edema every 30 minutes to 120 minutes. The inhibition of all groups of ethyl acetate extract of kelubut leaves showed anti-inflammatory activity, but the resulting abilities were different. Inflammation inhibition by ethyl acetate extract at a dose of 250 mg/KgBW was 92.78%, at a dose of 125 mg/KgBW, was 91.76%, and at a dose of 62.5 mg/KgBW was 84.61%. From the results obtained, the ethyl acetate extract group of kelubut leaves at a dose of 250 mg/KgBW had the greatest inflammatory inhibition activity compared to a dose of 125 mg/KgBW and 62.5 mg/KgBW.