ABSTRACT This article examines the response of Australian governments to UNESCO’s agenda of conducting scientific research in “arid zones” to explore the role of the nation in the liberal internationalism of the postwar world order. UNESCO’s first director-general, Julian Huxley, and its first head of the Natural Sciences Section, Joseph Needham, both positioned science as critical to an internationalist agenda. Australian botanist Bertram Thomas Dickson and his contemporaries shared this belief in the necessary role of science in postwar reconstruction and the betterment of humanity. However, as Dickson’s hitherto unexamined correspondence with Canberra and UNESCO shows, national interests still mattered, as did empire, to the movement of scientific ideas during the first decades after the war. The interwar rise of applied science and its contributions to rural Australia, as historical geographer J. M. Powell argues, had “won” scientists like Dickson and the CSIR official support, which sustained their importance to postwar reconstruction and development efforts. Australia’s contribution to the UNESCO initiative therefore followed Canberra’s assessment of the strategic value of the organisation to its regional ambitions and development diplomacy.

ABSTRACT This article uncovers the life of Hoyul Kim, the first Korean international student who lived in Australia from 1921 to 1925. It sheds light on the role of the Presbyterian Church in both colonial Korean and White Australian contexts. The article draws on archival research from the National Archives of Australia, the Presbyterian Church of Victoria, the Scotch College in Melbourne and the University of Melbourne to document Kim’s activities in Australia. The bilingual team uses both Korean- and English-language materials on Kim. We argue that, in spite of the colonial and racially motivated state barriers to international student mobility in the 1920s, Kim managed to travel to Australia and gain an overseas education. Kim’s story contributes to a little-known history of Korea–Australia relations that runs much deeper than formal state relations. Kim’s story illustrates that bilateral relations are shaped by people-to-people encounters that encompass shared values of religion and education via transnational migration.