This study aims to investigate the pozzolanic reactivity of bagasse ash while partially replacing cement. Rapid, reliable, and relevant (R3) testing techniques were employed. This was done by measuring the heat of hydration and by determining the amount of bound water. The blending of cement made the paste require more water, to enhance the setting time, have more peaks in a narrower range position of °2θ and with Aluminum containing compounds, to have a lower average crystallite size (16.46ηm) and lower diffraction angle. The cumulative heat flow in the blended samples decreased to 275.18J/g at 170hours and the maximum rate of heat flow decreased to 69.41J/gh which was found delayed at 5 minutes and 13 seconds. The difference in heat of hydration between the reference and blended sample increases as time increases starting from 3J/g on the 1st day to 9J/g on the 3rd day. Blended samples were found to have lower bound water(gram) (2.58%) content on day 1 than the reference. Compressive strength at an early age (≤ 1 day) is lower in the bagasse ash (BA) blended mortar cubes and during later days compressive strength of BA blended mortar cubes were the highest and quartz blended mortar cubes were the lowest. Besides, the pozzolanic activity of bagasse ash (PABA) was found to be 346.08mg of Ca(OH)2 per gram of bagasse ash. Results were compared with the strength development and pozzolanic activity determination test. The presence of pozzolanic reactivity of the bagasse ash was confirmed, and results were found to be coherent and in agreement with each other.

The research work aims at analyzing for the first time the data set obtained on cohesive soil samples following the publication of the Romanian Invention Patent RO 134239. The standard test method for the direct shear test provides the shear strength parameter – internal friction angle in consolidated drained condition - of either undisturbed or remolded soil samples forcing the shear plane at the midsection of the sample in the horizontal direction. The samples are provided in parallelepipedal shape (6 cm x 6 cm x 2 cm) and the displacement rate in horizontal direction is 0.1 mm/min. The new equipment patented in Romania changes the direction of shearing, from horizontal to vertical, and the soil samples are of cubic shape (6 cm x 6 cm x 6 cm). The experimental program involves testing both the parallelepipedal and cubic samples using the same motorized mechanism, with simultaneous readings from their respective micro-comparators. The UU test is performed without allowing consolidation and shearing at 1.0 mm/min. For the CD test, samples are consolidated under vertical loads for 24 hours before shearing at 0.1 mm/min. The shear stresses for cubic samples were higher than those for parallelepipedal samples, with residual stresses reflecting this trend. For cubic samples, both the peak and residual shear stresses trend lines indicated higher cohesion (c) and lower internal friction angle (𝜙) for UU tests and CD tests in contrast to parallelepipedal samples in both testing conditions. The innovative testing program allows for variability in shear strength parameters along the soil failure surface in both natural and compacted soil structures. This differentiation divides the soil condition into drained and undrained states at the initiation, emergence points, and the point of maximum depth along the failure surface. This approach is significant for accurately assessing soil shear resistance and potential failure mechanisms. The study's findings suggest a nuanced approach to parameter selection for slope stability analysis, ensuring accurate representation of both cohesion and internal friction in stability models.

Buildings that require mechanical and electrical services must have utility pipes and ducts. The services include air conditioning, power supply, telephone lines, network cables, sewerage lines, water supply and etc. A reinforced concrete (RC) deep beam with web openings experiences excessive cracking and deflection, as well as a decrease in beam stiffness. Enlargement of these openings near supports would reduce beams’ capacity for shear. Hence, analysis and design of such beams require careful consideration, particularly with regard to their performance. In addition, design compliance to relevant codes and standards, and selection of suitable material properties and construction techniques are needed. When such an enlargement is unavoidable, strengthening of beam for shear and flexure is necessary. In this study, the use of GFRP (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composites for strengthening of RC beams with openings is experimentally investigated. As compared to the control beam, test results showed that using GFRP was found to be effective in increasing the shear strength of beams with openings by 40% to 60%. Test results of beams with web openings exhibited higher shear strength than the predicted values whereas for strengthened beams with GFRP, code predictions are found conservative.

Response surface methodology was used for optimization of methyl ester production parameters with the two-step trans- esterification of Yellow oleander seed oil. The model equation obtained with R2, 0.877 and coefficient of variation (CV), 3.21% shows the reliability of the model and adequately captured the correlation between the biodiesel yield and process parameters. The result suggested the best combination of the process variables for optimum biodiesel yield of 91.42% are: reaction temperature (46.61 °C); reaction time (90.52 min); amount of methanol (5.90 cm3/g oil) and catalyst concentration (11.44gm). Validation results show close agreement between the actual (90.85%) and predicted (91.42%) biodiesel yields.

The additive manufacturing route is a notably promising alternative option to obtain complex shaped parts, precise prototypes, and direct-usage system components for lots of independent sectors like medicine, dentistry, automotive, aviation, and construction. Compared to the conventional strategies, this methodology provides cleaner, healthier, and faster manufacturing opportunities for engineers and manufacturers. In this paper, actual applications of photopolymerization-oriented 3D printing in the field of dentistry are evaluated in light of the literature efforts, sectoral feedback, and additional original interpretations. Concordantly, the process backgrounds and printing materials were analyzed meticulously together with the evaluations of the physical and mechanical features of the dental components. When real implementations like models, surgical guides, aligners, temporary teeth, and implants are considered, it is seen that there is still a lot of room to be enlightened on this topic for a healthier future. In this context, this article aims to draw a broad perspective on the new interdisciplinary efforts and to emphasize the great potential of layer-by-layer production in the field of dentistry.

Bamboo scaffolding is a sustainable alternative to traditional scaffolding materials due to its low carbon footprint, renewability, and strength. Reusable connections are crucial to optimize its sustainability benefits. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the reusability potential of existing bamboo scaffold connections, exploring different connection types, factors influencing reusability, benefits and challenges, and current research and development efforts. Several factors influence the reusability of bamboo scaffold connections, including the design of connections to accommodate mid-culm attachment of secondary components, which is challenging for many existing connection types. Reusing bamboo scaffold connections offers significant sustainability and cost-effectiveness benefits, reducing the demand for new materials and minimizing construction waste. Friction-tight lashing, the most popular and adaptable bamboo scaffold connection method together with mechanical connectors to alleviate problems in traditional friction-tight lashing, offers high reusability potential. More advanced mechanical connections, such as notched and pierced connections, are also being explored for their reusability potential. Ongoing research and development efforts focus on innovative approaches such as three-dimensional printing, parametric software, and glue bonding for custom joint systems to improve the reusability of bamboo scaffold connections. By addressing the challenges and leveraging ongoing research and development efforts, reusable bamboo scaffold connections can play a crucial role in sustainable construction practices.

Along with technological development, scientific literature has grown exponentially. Although the data resources are open access, filtering a large amount of information remains a significant problem. This paper aims to search and analyze the specialized literature on copper coatings and antimicrobial copper coatings. The aim was to extract the data from the Web of Science, which is the largest database for scientific literature. We used the VOSviewer software for analyzing the raw data that we collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Within this domain, visualizing networks of key terms from published works holds significant importance. Thus, the objective of this research is to showcase advancements and research focuses within antimicrobial copper coatings, particularly those employed in high-traffic areas such as public transportation, airports, educational institutions, and notably in hospitals worldwide. This entailed two sets of keyword analyses: one focused on the overarching term describing the copper coatings field, namely "copper coatings," and the other aimed at fulfilling the primary study goal, using the keywords "antimicrobial copper" in the search. When searching for "copper coatings" OR "copper-coat*" in all WOS-indexed databases at the time of the inquiry, 9,302 results were found, according to the Web of Science database. When searching for "antimicrobial copper" OR "antimicrob* copper*" in the Web of Science Core Collection, 71 results were found. Through processing these findings with VOSviewer software, distinct clusters of keywords were generated, with their significance filtered based on various criteria as outlined in each map's description. This study presents future avenues for research based on the findings.

The investigation into the elemental composition and microstructural characteristics of ancient coins gives valuable information to researchers which greatly aid in the detection of counterfeits. This research aim is analysis encompasses an examination of major and trace elements present in the coins of Parthia, to identify forgery techniques utilizing the PIXE technique. The results show the elements Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, Pb, Sn, and Zn were identified and according to the ratio Ag/ Cu, can be said that the Parthia period occasionally used forged silver-plated coins. The elemental composition of silver coins of Orodes II and Phraates IV observes these coins are made with plating silver and affixed to the core utilizing a silver-copper eutectic layer, while the core itself consists of copper, and quantities of tin (Sn) were detected which may have been intentionally added for metallurgical, political, or historical reasons.

Diabetes Mellitus, or Diabetes in short, is a group of widespread endocrine diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels.This research paper attempts to find a solution to this high sugar problem, by taking the route of electrochemistry.It was attempted to demonstrate that the excess sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream of a diabetic patient can be lowered by electrooxidizing the excess sugar in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and convert it into electrical energy.For this, a sugar level detection system was developed, using a linear regression model with a coefficient of determination (R 2 value) of 0.974.At first, one of the most popular as well as costly electrocatalytic materials i.e., Platinum was used to electro-oxidize the excess sugar.Upon its success, some highly electrocatalytic but cheap electrode materials were developed, such as Nickel, Nickel with nanocarbon, Manganese dioxide (MnO2) and Manganese dioxide with nanocarbon (MnO2C).And they also successfully electro-oxidized the excess glucose in SBF solution, thereby reducing the sugar levels.Thus, a potentially novel route to deal with the epidemic problem of diabetes has been proposed through this research work.

The paper deals with technology of manufacturing of microwave absorbers with ordered and structured surface layer. This layer contains Möbius strip resonators, located on the fixed distance from each other. The technology was developed by the authors on the base of the following data: 1) results of theoretical study of microwaves interaction with Möbius strip resonator; 2) results of experimental study of electromagnetic radiation reflection, transmission and absorption coefficients in the microwave frequency range of the experimental samples of microwave absorbers based on Möbius strip resonators, which differ by the distance between these resonators. It was established on the base to the listed results that the microwave absorbers manufactured in accordance to the technology proposed by the authors are wide-band ones. Electromagnetic radiation absorption coefficient values of these absorbers changes from 0.5 to 0.97 in frequency range 2.0–17.0 GHz if the distance between the Möbius strip resonators containing in their surface layer, is 15.0 mm. If the distance between the Möbius strip resonators containing in the surface layer of the considered absorbers is less than 15.0 mm their electromagnetic radiation absorption coefficient in the indicated frequency bands is lower than presented values. The considered absorbers are promising for use in shielded rooms and anechoic chambers.