Many university students feel anxious about speaking in front of others, struggle to come up with interesting ideas, and find it difficult to organize their thoughts so they can deliver them well. These obstacles highlight the necessity for an instructional methodology that fosters idea generation, organized communication, and genuine speaking practice within a nurturing environment. This study develops and evaluates a teaching model that combines Design Thinking and Project-Based Learning. Additionally, the model is supported by TikTok activities that help students improve their speaking skills. Design Thinking helps students generate creative ideas and frame problems in a structured way. TikTok provides a low-pressure digital space that encourages students to practice speaking in front of others and reduces their anxiety about doing so. Project-Based Learning offers students real-life experiences by having them work together on projects that matter. The study employs a Research and Development methodology following the ADDIE framework. It involves language education and educational technology experts, who confirmed the model. One teacher and 25 college students evaluated the model's practicality and effectiveness. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires and performance-based speaking tests. The Content Validity Ratio and the Content Validity Index were used to assess content validity. To evaluate effectiveness, the study used a one-group pretest-posttest design and a paired-samples t-test. The findings indicate that the model has high validity, strong practical utility, and significant effectiveness in enhancing speaking skills, as evidenced by a substantial effect size (0.86).

Information and communication technology (ICT) has the theoretical potential to enhance climate resilience; however, its effectiveness in fragile states such as Somalia remains underexplored. This study investigated the relationship between ICT utilization and four climate adaptation dimensions: awareness, disaster preparedness, agricultural decision-making, and risk response. Using a quantitative descriptive design, data were collected from 353 randomly selected ICT users in Somalia through a structured online survey. The predominantly rural, livelihood-based sample showed high mobile phone access (75.6%) but limited smartphone Internet access (40.2%) and significant educational gaps (27.8% with no formal education). Results revealed moderate and uneven ICT contributions: while over half of respondents reported increased climate awareness, trust in digital information was low (mean 2.91/5). Disaster preparedness via ICT was poor, with limited access to early warnings. Agricultural ICT support, particularly for drought-resistant practices, was minimal. However, ICT proved to be more effective for climate risk response, especially through mobile money and voice communication. The study concludes that the current ICT integration in Somalia is insufficient for robust climate adaptation. It recommends locally based, low-tech, accessible solutions prioritizing radio, voice calls, and mobile money, alongside hybrid models that combine digital alerts with traditional sources such as community elders to build trust and resilience in vulnerable, resource-constrained settings.

Wetlands function as natural wastewater treatment systems but are increasingly degraded by human activities and climate change. This study evaluated the capacity of selected natural wetlands to reduce wastewater contaminants from adjacent human activities. Water samples were collected at predetermined input and output points during dry and wet seasons and analyzed for physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and microbiological indicators. pH ranged from 6.66 to 7.6, and the temperature from 24 to 27.3 °C. Turbidity decreased markedly from 84 to 9 NTU in the dry season and from 42 to 8 NTU in the wet season. Heavy metals also declined between the input and the output, including copper (0.81-0.72 mg/L in the dry season; 0.46-0.27 mg/L in the wet season), lead (1.16-0.84 mg/L; 1.01-0.89 mg/L), silver (0.50-0.30 mg/L; 0.59-0.25 mg/L), and zinc (0.50-0.24 mg/L; 0.48-0.28 mg/L). Nutrients and microbial indicators showed similar reductions. Approximately 80% of the measured parameters were higher at the wetland input than at the output. These wetlands, located upstream of the Vaal River, significantly reduce pollutant loads, highlighting their importance for water quality protection and the urgent need for conservation.

The entire psychosocial working environment for loco pilots (railway train drivers) in India is extremely demanding, isolating, and devoid of socialization. In addition, loco pilots are subject to a great deal of responsibility to be on time and safe. There are few opportunities for personal freedom due to the rigorous schedules and technical constraints, which include the kind of trains and route configurations. Long work hours, strange and inappropriate schedules, and heavy workloads all contribute to the workload, which can lead to serious work-family conflicts. The paper examines work-life quality among Indian Railway train drivers, identifies primary conditions underpinning the problem of work-life imbalances, and clarifies the possible impact on the well-being of drivers and safety in their activities. It considers the applicable concepts regarding work-life balance and studies the impact of working conditions on the well-being of loco pilots, which in turn has an impact on the efficiency and development of the Indian Railways. This study also has theoretical implications for organizations' policies and practices, particularly as the experiences of railway drivers can inform new organization-wide work/life integration policies. The advantages of having a happy and healthy workforce are passed on to both passengers and employees through increased productivity at the workplace, reduced employee absence, and fewer accidents. Subsequently, the enhancement of WLB among railway drivers could be an important source of future research and concern, as it can result in a less hazardous and more efficient experience with the use of public transportation.

This study examines the evolution of credit risk pricing models in the context of rapid developments in big data and machine learning. The purpose is to evaluate how modern machine learning techniques can improve credit risk pricing compared with traditional approaches. To achieve this, the study develops a comparative analytical framework that contrasts conventional models, such as logistic regression and the Merton structural framework, with modern algorithms, including boosting methods, deep neural networks, and hybrid models. The analysis assesses model performance in terms of predictive accuracy, interpretability, stability, and cross-market adaptability. The findings indicate that machine learning models significantly outperform traditional approaches, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) reaching up to 0.90 even during periods of economic volatility. The study also incorporates explainability tools, including SHAP and LIME, to clarify the decision mechanisms of complex models and enhance transparency in line with Basel III and IFRS 9 requirements. Cross-regional testing further shows that machine learning models maintain relatively stable performance across different economic environments. Overall, the study concludes that integrating traditional credit risk modeling with modern data-driven techniques can strengthen credit risk management and provide practical implications for financial institutions operating in an increasingly data-intensive global financial system.

This study examines the effects of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and trust (TRUST) on online sales performance (OSP) in the refrigeration product sector in Hanoi, Vietnam, within the context of digital transformation and e-commerce growth. Using primary data collected from 350 employees working in firms engaged in online sales, the study applies reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and multiple regression using SPSS. The results indicate that all three factors have significant positive effects on OSP (p < 0.05), with perceived usefulness exerting the strongest influence (β = 0.353), followed by perceived ease of use (β = 0.224) and trust (β = 0.156). The model explains 37.4% of the variance in online sales performance (R² = 0.374). These findings highlight the importance of enhancing functional value, usability, and trust in digital platforms, particularly for high-value products such as refrigeration appliances. The study contributes to the literature by extending TAM and trust theory to a specific product category in an emerging market. Managerial implications suggest that firms should prioritize user-centered design, transparent service policies, and AI-enabled digital solutions to improve online sales performance. Future research should explore additional determinants and apply more advanced analytical approaches.

Fucokinase (FUK) is involved in the process of fucosylation of carbohydrates, which are involved in various biological and pathological processes. FUK, in addition to some hormones, lipid profiles, oxidants and antioxidants, and vitamin D, were measured in serum for 175 women aged 18–40 years. The 80 serum samples were collected from women suffering from menopause within the same age range from Mosul city. The appearance of a decrease in FUK activity in all types of postmenopausal patients is due to hormonal, surgical, and genetic disorders, especially the surgical type, compared to healthy women. There is a state of high oxidative stress in all types of menopause, particularly in genetic disorder cases, characterized by decreased glutathione and increased malondialdehyde and peroxynitrate. Lipid profile levels showed disorder only in hormonal disorder cases. An increase in progesterone and testosterone levels was observed in hormonal and surgical disorder types, while a decrease was noted in genetic disorder cases. Additionally, vitamin D levels decreased in this group. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring oxidative stress markers in this population.

This study investigates how Healthcare Delivery Configuration (HDC) impacts Patients' Perceived Service Quality (SQ) in smart healthcare environments, specifically examining the mediating role of Patient Trust (PT) and the moderating influence of Secular Rationality (SR). A cross-sectional survey yielded 465 valid responses from tertiary hospital patients in Nanning, China. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS, employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for validation and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with bootstrap sampling to test mediating and moderating effects. Results indicate that HDC significantly and positively predicts SQ. Patient Trust serves as a partial mediator, explaining approximately 20% of the total effect. However, the moderating effect of Secular Rationality was not statistically significant, suggesting that institutional efficiency builds trust across diverse individual value orientations. The study confirms a synergy between "hard" technical configuration and "soft" psychological trust. In high-stakes public healthcare, robust institutional design possesses a universal capacity for trust-building that transcends individual rational orientations. Hospital administrators should prioritize optimizing intelligent resource scheduling and transparency. Since individual rationality did not significantly moderate outcomes, implementing standardized, equalized smart healthcare strategies is essential for enhancing regional service quality.

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial intentions of economics and business students in Hanoi, Vietnam. A quantitative research design was employed using survey data collected from 250 students. The reliability and validity of the measurement scales were assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), followed by multiple linear regression to test the proposed relationships. The findings indicate that both entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurship education significantly and positively influence entrepreneurial intention. Among these factors, entrepreneurial self-efficacy exerts a stronger effect (β = 0.460) than entrepreneurship education (β = 0.361). The model explains 49.8% of the variance in entrepreneurial intention, highlighting the critical role of both individual cognitive capability and educational support. This study contributes to the literature by reaffirming the relevance of Social Cognitive Theory in explaining entrepreneurial intention in an emerging economy context. It also provides practical implications for universities and policymakers to enhance entrepreneurial competencies and promote experiential learning approaches. Future research may extend this model by incorporating contextual and institutional factors across different educational and cultural settings.

This study aims to systematically map and synthesize the development of Social Entrepreneurship Orientation (SEO) research and to identify future research directions. It employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) combined with bibliometric analysis. Data were collected from the Scopus database using the keyword “Social Entrepreneurship Orientation” in the title, abstract, and keywords fields. A total of 1,174 publications (2017–2025) were identified and analyzed using VOSviewer to examine publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic structures. SEO research remains in an emerging, fragmented stage despite a rising trend in publications. Research is focused on a few countries and institutions, with limited international collaboration. The analysis highlights that SEO is closely linked to performance outcomes, while contextual, institutional, and innovation-related aspects remain underexplored. SEO research is still developing and requires more integrated, cross-national, and longitudinal studies to enhance theoretical development and empirical validation. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to develop collaborative and context-aware strategies for advancing social entrepreneurship practices. This study offers a thorough bibliometric analysis and highlights key gaps to inform future SEO research.