The current research was conducted to assess wound healing activity and antibacterial properties of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against excisional wounds (15 × 15 mm2) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in a rat model.CMC/AgNPs hydrogels were synthesized using varying concentrations of AgNPs and subsequently lyophilized. A comprehensive range of in vitro tests were conducted, including nanoparticle characterization, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology study, water uptake (WUE) study, blood uptake capacity study (BUC), weight loss study (WLA), pH, hemolysis percentage (HP), blood coagulation index (BCI), antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]), and cell viability through the MTT assay. In vivo wound healing studies were conducted using infected excisional wound models in rats. SEM confirmed a porous structure with a mean pore size ranging from 68 to 152 μm. The hydrogels exhibited dosage-dependent swelling and sustained physiological pH (7.4-7.6) for a period of time. The 125 μg/mL AgNPs formulation showed a BUC of 97.68% in 22 h. Hemocompatibility assay showed minimal hemolysis and acceptable coagulation indices for all concentrations of AgNPs. MIC and MBC against both strains of bacteria were found to be 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, respectively. CMC/AgNPs hydrogel with the concentration of 250 μg/mL showed the optimal cell viability and the optimal in vivo wound healing result. The findings indicate that AgNPs-loaded CMC hydrogels possess favorable physicochemical, biocompatible, and antimicrobial properties, suggesting their potential as a wound dressing for managing infected wounds and supporting the wound healing process.

The gap between the clinical demand for transplantable organs/tissues and the limited availability of deceased donors motivates the search for alternative donor types. This growing need has prompted exploration into non-traditional donor populations, including those who have died due to circulatory causes, elderly individuals, and donors previously excluded from consideration, such as those with extensive burns. Burned deceased donors are often perceived as unsuitable due to the detrimental effects of burn injury on multiple organ systems, including the phenomenon known as "burn disease." This condition, characterized by systemic inflammatory responses, metabolic derangements, and sepsis risk, can potentially compromise organ viability.However, proper assessment and management of these donors, including rigorous evaluation of organ function, the extent of burn injury, and potential infection, can enable successful multi-organ and multi-tissue donation. Several reports suggest that, under appropriate clinical and logistical circumstances, organs such as the kidneys, liver, heart, and lungs, as well as various tissues, can be procured from burned donors.Nonetheless, expanding research in this area is essential to establish the guidelines for safe utilization of burn deceased donor population.

Bone grafts and its substitutes are commonly used in periodontics to enhance bone formation and periodontal regeneration. Allografts, derived from human donors, support new bone growth and are biocompatible, with reduced disease transmission risk due to rigorous screening. Combining bone grafts with growth factors can further improve treatment outcomes. Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) releases growth factors that enhance regeneration. This study evaluates the effectiveness of combining processed fresh frozen bone allograft (FFBA) with PRF mambrane for treating periodontal bone defects. The FFBA was prepared from bone chips collected from systemically healthy patients in an aseptic environment during orthopedic surgeries, which was then processed and tested for microbiological and cytotoxicity concerns using Human Osteosarcoma (MG-63) and Normal Mouse Fibroblast (L929) cell lines. PRF was prepared by centrifuging blood collected from patients at 2300rpm for 12min. A case study comprising of ten patients with chronic periodontitis was conducted, Clinical and radiographic measurements, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bone defect fill percentage using radiographs were recorded at baseline and nine months. Descriptive statistics (Mean ± SD), a 5% significance level, and 90% confidence intervals were used. Paired t-tests showed significant improvements in GI (p < 0.001), PI (p < 0.001), PPD (p < 0.001), and Bone defect fill (p < 0.001). The study concluded that using processed fresh frozen bone allograft with PRF positively affects the treatment of periodontal osseous defects.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of super-activated platelet lysate (sPL), as well as sPL in combination with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in treating bone defects in rats. Ninety rats with induced radial defects were divided into three groups: sPL/BMSCs, sPL, and control. The healing process was evaluated using X-rays, Lane Sandhu scores, HE staining, RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Both sPL and sPL/BMSCs facilitate bone repair. Compared to the other groups, the sPL/BMSCs group showed higher OCN, OSX, and RUNX2 gene expression until 10weeks after treatment ALP levels in the sPL group increased until week 6 and remained elevated until week 10, with the sPL/BMSCs group showing significantly higher peak ALP levels. IGF-1, TGF-β, and VEGF levels in both treatment groups were higher than in the control group. Our study demonstrated that both sPL and sPL/BMSC transplants at the bone defect site can promote bone healing and modulate bone metabolism-related factors. However, the effect of sPL/BMSCs was superior to sPL alone.

To summarize the evidence examining the outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) using eye bank pre-stripped versus surgeon prepared grafts. Systematic review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses consensus statement (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023457120). Searches of medline (Ovid), EMBASE, EMCARE, the Cochrane register of controlled trials, and grey literature were performed until April 2025. All comparative studies comparing DMEK outcomes after eye bank prepared (pre-stripped only) with surgeon-prepared tissue were included. Two independent reviewers completed data extraction and performed quality assessments. The primary outcomes were the rebubbling rate and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Results were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis. Five studies totalling 750 eyes receiving DMEK grafts were included. Four were retrospective observational studies and one was a non-randomized prospective study. There were no significant differences between eye bank pre-stripped and surgeon-prepared graft outcomes with regards to rebubbling rate (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 1.90) and postoperative logMAR CDVA (mean difference -0.11, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.01). No statistically significant difference was noted in postoperative corneal thickness, endothelial cell loss or density, and postoperative complications.Eye bank pre-stripped grafts and surgeon-prepared grafts yield comparable outcomes in terms of CDVA and rebubbling rates following DMEK.However, there is limited evidence, as only five studies were included in this analysis.

To evaluate long‑term outcomes of corneal patch grafting (CPG) and to determine prognostic factors for anatomical and functional success. This retrospective study included 35 eyes from 35 patients who underwent CPG between April 2016 and September 2022 at Adana City Training and Research Hospital. Collected data included age, sex, preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), graft localization and size, anterior segment findings, graft survival, secondary surgical procedures, and rates of anatomical and functional success. Anatomical success was achieved in 82.9% (29/35), and functional success in 45.7% (16/35). The most common reason for CPG was non-infectious, non-traumatic perforation related to immune disorders (37.1%). Anatomical success was not significantly associated with the primary etiology (p = 0.73), whereas functional success was significantly higher in patients with traumatic corneal perforations (p = 0.029). A statistically significant improvement was observed in postoperative BCVA for the study group (p < 0.001). Functional success was significantly associated with younger age and peripheral graft location (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Smaller graft diameter was significantly correlated with both higher anatomical and functional success (p = 0.031 and p = 0.007, respectively), while no significant association was found with horizontal graft diameter (p = 0.27 and p = 0.068, respectively). Corneal patch grafting is a highly effective technique for restoring anatomical integrity in most patients and provides acceptable functional outcomes in selected cases. Younger age, peripheral graft location, and smaller graft diameter appear to be favorable prognostic factors for functional recovery.

Although many preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing on amniotic membrane extract (AME), an amniotic membrane-derived product developed to support ocular surface healing, the effect of AME on the basic cellular functions and properties of human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs) has not been clearly defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of AME supplementation to the culture media, on basic cellular functions of hCECs and on expression of specific cell markers of hCECs, as well as to determine its effectiveness in an experimental in vitro wound model. hCECs were seeded with the constant cell density in 6, 24 and 48 well plates. The next day, the media was refreshed with 0mg/ml, 0.75mg/ml, 1.5mg/ml and 3mg/ml final concentration of AME supplemented complete growth medium. Cellular morphology, viability, metabolic activity, proliferation assessments and immunocytochemistry were conducted on the time points at day 3, 6 and 9. Then, in vitro wound healing assay was performed on hCECs under the effect of AME. AME did not affect cellular morphology, viability, metabolic activity and proliferation. AME supplementation induced CK3 and CK12 expression of hCECs significantly (p < 0.05) higher than without AME group. In vitro wound healing assay revealed that while control and AME-treated cultures both exhibited healing, AME-treated mechanical abrasions closed at a greater rate compared to control. Our study shows that AME promotes in vitro wound healing and cell characteristics in terms of CK3 and CK12 protein expressions, while preserving basic cellular functions of corneal epithelial cells.

Prosthetic valves derived from bovine pericardium (BP) are crucial for heart valve replacement, yet current crosslinking methods with glutaraldehyde can lead to immune responses and calcification. This study evaluated the effects of reducing the glutaraldehyde crosslinking time from 10 to 5days in bovine pericardial patches for use as heart valve substitutes. In addition to examining the physical properties of the BP, the study analyzed the biocompatibility, tissue structure, and calcification of the pericardial tissue. BPs were processed using two protocols based on the fixation time with glutaraldehyde: BP10d (10days) and BP5d (5days). All samples were treated with glutamic acid to neutralize residual aldehyde groups from the glutaraldehyde. Subsequently, the resulting material was assessed for mechanical and thermal properties and histologically using light and scanning electron microscopy. Post-implantation histological evaluation and calcium content determination were conducted after 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120days. The calcification was a rare occurrence. However, some samples from the BP10d group displayed positive Von Kossa staining, indicating mineral deposition. Chemical analysis using ICP-OES revealed low calcium concentrations in the explants of both groups, with higher concentrations observed in the BP10d group during the later analysis periods. Mechanical and thermal stability assessments showed no significant differences between experimental groups. Histological examination revealed more collagen and elastic fibers deformation, and inflammation in the BP10d group compared to the BP5d group. The revised manufacturing protocol, with a 5-day fixation time, showed promising anti-calcifying activity, biocompatibility, and tissue preservation.

Sinus lift surgery is essential after pneumatization caused by loss of posterior teeth. Leukocyte-Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) accelerates bone healing by releasing growth factors that promote angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and inflammatory modulation. To evaluate the efficacy of L-PRF in bone healing and repair in sinus lift surgeries, in addition to investigating its role in angiogenesis and inflammatory modulation. The systematic review protocol included definition of the research question, search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, study types, effect measures, screening methods, and data analysis. The search resulted in 860 studies. After removal of duplicates, 704 articles remained, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. After careful evaluation, 4 studies were considered highly relevant and included in the systematic review. Evidence indicates that the combination of L-PRF with bone grafts, such as DBBM, can accelerate bone formation and allow early implant placement, supported by increased expression of protein markers essential for osteogenesis. The addition of L-PRF to DBBM demonstrated significant benefits in promoting a more favorable bone environment, reducing the time required for osseointegration.

The body has evolved three types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Modern tissue engineering techniques can harvest different types of chondrocytes, expand them in vitro, and use them to repair various cartilage defects. However, the modulatory effect of different cartilaginous niches on the type of regenerated cartilage after the implantation of chondrocytes from different origins remains unknown. In this study, three typical types of cartilage-auricular (elastic cartilage), articular (hyaline cartilage), and meniscus (fibrocartilage)-were investigated. Chondrocytes derived from these cartilages were mixed with Pluronic gel and implanted into three different cartilaginous niches for one month using a goat model. Our results demonstrated that in the articular cartilage environment, regenerated cartilage from auricular chondrocytes lost elastin expression, and cartilage from meniscus chondrocytes lacked a fibrous structure, showing reduced type I collagen and increased type II collagen expression, all resembling a hyaline cartilage-like structure. In the auricular cartilage environment, regenerated cartilage from articular chondrocytes did not express elastin, maintaining a hyaline cartilage-like structure, while fibrocartilage chondrocytes failed to form regenerated cartilage. In the fibrocartilage environment, regenerated cartilage from auricular and meniscus chondrocytes did not exhibit a fibrous structure, with weak type I collagen expression and positive type II collagen expression. Regenerated cartilage from auricular chondrocytes did not express elastin and did not transform into fibrocartilage. This study provides valuable insights into how different cartilaginous niches influence the characteristics of regenerated cartilage, offering potential implications for improving cartilage repair strategies in tissue engineering.