The tri-spine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus Leach, 1819) is an endangered species whose population status and human interactions remain poorly understood in the Philippines. This study aimed to integrate morphometric and allometric analyses of T. tridentatus with fishers’ perceptions to inform species conservation. A total of 118 adult specimens (63 males and 55 females) were measured for prosomal length (PL), opisthosomal length (OL), carapace length (CL), carapace width (CW), telson length (TEL), total length (TL), and body weight (BW). Statistical comparisons using analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant sexual dimorphism, with females exhibiting larger body dimensions than males. Growth patterns differed by sex, with females showing isometric growth for PL and CW, while males exhibited negative allometry for BW. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated strong correlations among morphometric parameters, with the first component explaining 44.7% (males) and 46.4% (females) of total variance. To assess human dimensions, 90 fishers were interviewed across different ethnic groups. Univariate analysis revealed that Visayan fishers were the most supportive of proactive conservation actions, while PCA showed education and age as major factors shaping perception. These findings highlight the ne ed for integrated biological and social approaches to strengthen conservation strategies for T. tridentatus in the Philippines.

Adverse drug reaction (ADRs) remains a concern among the healthcare providers because of its unpredictable nature and the possibility to be life-threatening if left untreated. Carbamazepine and Phenytoin are commonly known to cause Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN). This report aims to summarise on Carbamazepine and Phenytoin -induced SJS/TEN and its association with HLA genes. It is apparent that HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-B*31:01 were the most important alleles responsible for SJS/TEN in reaction to Carbamazepine and Phenytoin. Together with suspected alleles and antiepileptics, a person may have a greater risk of experiencing ADRs rather than those people who do not carry any of the alleles. Pharmacogenetic testing can be implemented in clinical practices before prescription of these two antiepileptics to avoid such reactions.

Sports performance is a complex phenomenon supported by intricate biological mechanisms. This review delves into the intricate interplay between biochemistry and sports performance, highlighting crucial biological pathways that influence athletic potential and the optimisation of recuperation treatments and diet plans. This review focuses on the biochemical processes governing energy metabolism, muscle function, and recovery in athletes, highlighting the role of nutritional biochemistry, ergogenic aids, oxidative stress ma nagement, and biomarker monitoring. A thorough literature search was conducted across databases, focusing on sports biochemistry, exercise physiology, nutrition, and molecular biology. Data from selected studies were synthesi sed and critically analysed. This review explores energy metabolism pathways, proteins, and signa lling networks in athletic activities, muscular contraction, hypertrophy, and exhaustion. It also examines ergogenic aids, antioxidant techniques, macronutrient consumption, and biomarkers for individualised training regimens and fatigue tracking. Focused therapies alter metabolic pathways, enhance athletic performance by optimising energy metabolism, boosting muscle protein synthesis, mitigating oxidative stress, and selecting appropriate ergogenic aids. Sports biochemistry provides a foundation for understanding athletic performance, integrating biochemical knowledge with training and nutritional methods. Future studies aim to develop tailored therapies, identify biomarkers, and clarify ergogenic aid mechanisms, enabling a more scientific and evidence -based approach to sports training.

Information and communication technology clearly affects regional development in several aspects, most notably facilitating access to services. This has led to its widespread adoption, which faces significant geographical and social obstacles that limit it s efficiency. This study aims to assess the state of information and communication technology in the Aurès Mountains of Algeria, with a particular focus on the structure of telephone services in order to illustrate the challenges that hinder regional development. The current situation of telephone communication infrastructure in the area was analysed using geographic information systems, in addition to the construction of a weighted spatial regression model to demonstrate the relationship between the efficiency of telephone services and network coverage variables. The findings revealed that the existi ng infrastructure is constrained by the challenges of terrain and by social factors related to unequal population density and distribution. Based on these aspects, solutions were proposed to improve the effectiveness of telephone services, with an emphasis on addressing the identified gaps to enhance regional development through strategic actions by decision-makers, thereby improving access to services and contri buting to bridging the digital divide in the future.

Skills-based workforce scheduling is essential in enhancing operational efficiency across various industries. Despite its importance, a comprehensive review of mathematical methods used to address complex scheduling problems is still underexplored. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing the research trends and the recent mathematical approaches that have been applied using both bibliometric and systematic review techniques. An initial dataset of 1109 articles was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases and merged using Python software. After removing duplicates and non-English articles, 749 articles were analysed to identify the publication and citation trends, the most popular journals, the most cited articles, and the emerging keyword themes. To investigate the current mathematical methods of solving skills- based workforce scheduling, 62 articles that were published between 2020 and 2024 in the fields of operations research, management sciences, decision sciences, and mathematics were further analysed. The findings indicate that heuristic and metaheuristic approaches are the most commonly used, with hybrid approaches becoming more prevalent. This review offers valuable insights into the evolution of the landscape of mathematical techniques that may support future researchers in developing innovative concepts for workforce scheduling, which benefits both academic and practical applications in this field.

Struvite (MgNH4PO4⋅6H2O), a sustainable and highly efficient slow-release fertiliser, is gaining 442 significant attention as a promising solution for nutrient recovery from waste streams. Its unique composition, which includes essential nutrients like nitrogen (N) and phosphate (PO4), makes it an effective alternative to conventional fertilisers. In contrast, the widespread application of traditional NPK fertilisers often leads to a high loss of nutrients in the soil through leaching and runoff, negatively impacting both plant growth and overall soil health. While struvite has shown high efficacy in cultivating various crops, its specific effectiveness for growing chili pepper plants and its nutrient leaching behaviour in tropical soil environments have not been extensively studied. To address this knowledge gap, a comprehensive 60-day pot trial was conducted, comparing struvite with conventional NPK fertiliser. The experiment used twelve pots with different soil pH levels, treating them with three fertiliser types at two different dosages, along with a control group. The study, conducted outdoors under shade, revealed that struvite applied at a higher dosage in alkaline soil (pH up to 8.5±0.05) significantly enhanced plant growth compared to NPK treatments, achieving a maximum plant height of 33.4±2.0 cm, a plant body weight of 23.6±2.1 g, and a high leaf count of 57±3.0 leaves. While NPK fertilisers also performed better in alkaline soils, they did not match struvite's performance. Critically, the study confirmed that struvite provides a more controlled and gradual nutrient release than NPK. For instance, the highest PO4 release rate for struvite was 510±10.0 mg/L on day 25 under acidic conditions, while in alkaline soils, its release was slower and more sustained, peaking at approximately 250 -290±5.0 mg/L. These findings highlight the potential of struvite as a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional fertilisers, contributing to reduced nutrient runoff, supporting circular economy practices, and ultimately improving long-term soil health.

Flat rice noodles (FRN) or kuetiau made from rice and starch are popular in Malaysia. FRN is a non-gluten noodle and requires gelatinisation of starch during processing. FRN is considered a highly perishable food due to its high moisture content, which is susceptible to microbial deterioration. Electron beam irradiation was performed on FRN's physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. FRN was prepared with 90% rice flour; the remaining 10% was either tapioca, potato, or sago. The noodle was then irradiated at 0, 3, 6, and 9 kGy by electron beam (EB). EB irradiation significantly increased the firmness, breaking length, and cooking loss, whereas the cooking yield and yellowness (b*) of the FRN were significantly decreased. However, all irradiation doses did not affect the pH, water activity, moisture content, lightness (L*), and greenness (a*). The total plate count (TPC) of the FRN was determined on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The results showed that the irradiation dose at 9 kGy was the most effective as it reduced the microbial count until day 10. Thus, the pH, moisture content, water activity, lightness, and greenness of FRN were not changed by EB irradiation, but the textural and cooking qualities were considerably altered.

The current study evaluated the efficacy of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented broken rice (FBR) and rice bran (FRB) extracts in inhibiting photoaging in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts. The FBR and FRB extracts at 50 and 100 µg/mL markedly suppressed intracellular elastase activity and the FRB extract at 100 µg/mL significantly lowered the MMP-1 secretion in UVB-irradiated fibroblasts. Both FRB and FRB extracts also significantly downregulated the expression of MMP-1 and SFE genes in the UVB-irradiated fibroblasts. Furthermore, the substantial elevation of COL1A1 gene expression by FBR and FRB extracts at 50 µg/mL also indicated the potential of these extracts to enhance collagen type 1 synthesis. The present findings indicate that FBR and FRB extracts may potentially serve as functional components to mitigate skin damage caused by UVB radiation. However, further investigation is necessary to ascertain the precise anti-photoaging mechanism.

This study investigated the effects of Diadema setosum gonad-based chocolate products on amino acid content, body weight, haemoglobin levels, neuronal cell count, brain weight, and brain volume in Mus musculus. A particular focus was placed on evaluating neurodevelopmental impacts and nutritional benefits. Amino acid composition of the D. setosum gonad product was analysed using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Male rats were divided into groups receiving 0.5 g, 1.0 g, or 1.5 g/subject/day of gonad chocolate, with or without fish oil, for 70 days. Measurements included body weight, haemoglobin level, brain weight and volume, and neuronal cell count via histological analysis. The gonad product contained high levels of alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine. The highest body weight increase occurred in the negative control group (39.4 g). The highest haemoglobin level was recorded in the P2 group (13.15 g/dL), which received 1.0 g/day of the gonad product. Brain weight peaked in the negative control group (0.485 g), while the highest brain volume was in the P3 group (3.25 mL). The highest neuronal cell count was also observed in P2 (838 cells). ANOVA results showed no significant differences in body weight, haemoglobin, brain weight, or brain volume. However, a substantial increase was found in neuronal cell count (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Administration of 1.0 g/day D. setosum gonad chocolate significantly increased haemoglobin levels and neuronal cell count in rats, suggesting potential neuroprotective and haematological benefits. Further research is warranted to explore its applicability in human nutrition and cognitive health.

Understanding learning styles is vital for enhancing educational quality, particularly in higher education. The Honey Mumford model categorises learners as Activists, Reflectors, Theorists, or Pragmatists, and is widely used to examine learning preferences . This study explores how these styles influence algebraic thinking among Information Technology students at Universitas Dian Nusantara Jakarta. A quantitative correlational approach was applied, involving 95 purposively selected students. Data were gathered using the Learning Styles Questionnaire (LSQ) and an algebraic thinking skills test, then analysed with SmartPLS 3. Findings reveal that the Reflector style is most prevalent (62%), followed by Theorist (57%) and Pragmatist (26%). The Pragmatist style significantly improves algebraic thinking at the meta -global and transformational levels. Conversely, Activist and Reflector styles negatively impact the meta -global dimension, while the Theorist style shows no notable effect. The novelty of this study lies in its specific focus on the relationship between learning styles and distinct dimensions of algebraic thinking —an area scarcely addressed in educational research. These insights highlight the importance of adaptive teaching strategies tailored to individual learning styles, particularly in promoting higher -order thinking. This research contributes to the development of more personalised, cognitively effective instruction within the context of Information Technology education.