As the volume and complexity of big data continue to escalate, optimizing the performance, scalability, and energy efficiency of big data applications within cloud data centers has become increasingly crucial. This journal presents a comprehensive survey of current optimization techniques, focusing on data placement, job scheduling, and network configurations tailored for cloud environments. We explore the impact of various data center topologies on the performance of big data frameworks like Hadoop, emphasizing the trade-offs between performance and energy efficiency. Advanced methodologies, including dynamic data placement strategies, locality-aware scheduling, and innovative reduce task placement techniques, are reviewed in depth. Additionally, we highlight the importance of network power effectiveness (NPE) and examine the role of optical and electronic switching technologies in enhancing data center efficiency. By synthesizing findings from recent studies, this paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of cloud data centers, offering recommendations for improving resource utilization and reducing job completion times while maintaining energy efficiency. The findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to scale and adapt cloud data infrastructures for the rapidly growing demands of big data applications.

Background: Respiratory morbidities after general anesthesia have continued to be an area of concern for anesthesiologists, often as a result of endotracheal intubation. The study assessed post-anaesthetic respiratory complaints among obstetrics and gynecology patients at Muhimbili National Hospital, focusing on patient, surgical, and anesthesia factors,Addressing the magnitude and the associated factor will contribute to adopting the proper preventive strategies. Methods: This was a 4 months cross-sectional study at MNH which analyzed Post-anaesthetic respiratory complaints following endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing obstetrics and gynecological surgeries who met the inclusion criteria using a structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Statistical significance was determined at a P-value of < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of Post-anaesthetic respiratory complaints was 39.9%, There was a significant statistical difference in the severity of Cough (p=<0.039) and POST (p=<0.01) while Hoarseness of the voice had no significant statistical difference (p=<0.093). Patient's factors Age (p=<0.03), smoking history (p=<0.004), and ASA classification (p=<0.033) had a statistical association with presence of post-anesthetic respiratory complaints. Anaesthesia factors such as Size of ETT, number of attempts, use of dexamethasone and introducers, application of KY gel (p=<0.000) respectively, experience and qualification of anesthesia provider p=<0.027 with Urgency of the procedure (p=<0.023) being the only surgical factor that was significantly statistically associated with post anesthetic respiratory complaints. Conclusion and Recommendation. Post-anaesthetic respiratory complaints in obstetrics and gyneocology surgeries are common due to non-adherence to pre-induction and induction checklists. Further research is needed to explore preventive strategies and Also utilization of simulation laboratories to enhance practice and skills retention.

This study to characterizing the physical and chemical properties of the produced water in Nafoora field, Gulf Company in the Libyan, also, level of concentrations of selected heavy metals have been measured. To do that, different techniques have used. Results have showed pH, Conductivity, salinity, TDS, and turbidity levels were 6.2 ± 0.19; 1473 µS/cm; 1.8; 79000 mg/l; and 40± 4.18 NTU respectively. The levels of the anions ranged as follows: Cl- (15300 mg/l); NO3- (1 mg/l) and SO42- (120 mg/L). While the concentration of some ions metals were found as follows: K+ (1400 mg/l); Na+ (360000 mg/L) and Ca+2 (8570 mg/l). Some heavy metals were also estimated and found as follows: Cd (1.2 mg/l); Fe (3.1 mg/l); Cu (2.3 mg/l); Ni (0.3 mg/l) and Pb (0.1 mg/l). Ion exchange technique was used to remove the cadmium metal ion from produced water using Amberlite IR-120H and modified Amberlite IRA-400 Cl resins. Optimization pH, temperature and contact time using lame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) approach for measuring the concentrations of Cd ion. Experiments showed that the Amberlite IR-120H resin has maximum removal efficiency for Cd at pH 7, 80 oC and 30 min respectively, while pH 7, 80 oC and 120 min are the most appropriate conditions for modified Amberlite IRA-400 Cl- resin. The results obtained show that the Amberlite IR 120 H as a strong cation-exchange resin has greater Cd removal ability (96.3%) and fast as compared to the modified Amberlite IRA-400 Cl- resin (73%).

Corchorus olitorius is globally used both as a vegetable and as herb for medical and therapeutic purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different processing techniques (air drying- AD, oven drying- OD and sun drying- SD) on the antioxidant activity and proximate composition of Corchorus olitorius. The moisture content of C. olitorius was significantly higher in SD and OD drying methods and was also significantly lower in AD when compared to other drying method. There is a significant increase in the carbohydrate level and ash content in the air-dried processed C. olitorius. All the other nutrients including crude protein and fats show that temperature conditions in oven drying, sun drying and air drying had no substantial effect on its retention. Highest 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity (DPPH %) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value retention were observed in air drying and lowest in oven drying. The proximate composition and antioxidant activity of C. olitorius were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in AD compared to OD and SD. The study concluded that AD should be considered an appropriate drying procedure for retaining excellent nutritive qualities and antioxidant capacity of Corchorus olitorius.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of tourism promotion through influencers on increasing brand awareness of Kwala Serapuh Village Tourism Destinations, Langkat. Tourism has become one of the important sectors in the regional economy. Kwala Serapuh Village in Langkat has great potential in tourism development. However, the brand awareness of this village tourism destination needs to be improved. The use of influencers in tourism promotion has become a trend, but there have not been many studies examining their influence on tourist destination brand awareness. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the effect of using influencers in tourism promotion on tourist destination brand awareness. The sample in this study was 50 respondents. The method used is SmartPLS analysis. The results showed that based on the direct effect test, Tourism Promotion has a significant positive effect on Tourism Destination Influencers. Tourism Promotion has a significant positive effect on Increasing Brand Awareness of Tourist Destinations. Influencers have no positive and insignificant effect on increasing brand awareness of tourist destinations. While the results of the indirect effect test, Tourism Promotion has no positive and insignificant effect on Increasing Brand Awareness through Tourism Destination Influencers.

Background: Supracondylar humeral fractures are the most common elbow fracturesseen in children. Although closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation is the treatment of choice for displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children, controversy about which pin configuration is best in treating these fractures is ongoing. Some advocate lateral entry pins only while others advocate medial and lateral entry pins. In this study I utilized Dorgan’s cross lateral technique to fix such fractures which is believed to have the advantages of both the conventional pinning techniques. Objectives:To evaluate the functional and cosmetic outcome and complications of cross lateral pinning. Methods: Thirty cases of supracondylar humeral fractures were treated by closed or open reduction with cross lateral pin fixation under fluoroscopic guidance. The elbow was immobilized for a period of 4 weeks after which the pins were removed and physiotherapy initiated. At the end of 12 weeks the patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically and final results were assessed as per Flynn’s criteria. Results: According to Flynn’s criteria, the cosmetic result in my study was evaluated as excellent in 25 cases (83%) and good in 5 cases (17%) and functional result was evaluated as excellent cases in 23 (77%) and good in 7cases (23%). There were no cases of post operative loss of reduction of fractures. Six cases (20%) had pin tract infection while 24 patients (80%) had no complications at all. Conclusions: Cross lateral method of pinning for treating supracondylar fractures is a useful method of fixation as it gives stabilization like medio-lateral pinning and minimizes the risk of injuring the ulnar nerve like lateral pinning.

As the digital economy continues to expand, individuals and businesses alike face an increasing range of financial risks, from cybercrime to online fraud. The intersection of digital safety and financial literacy is essential in addressing these risks and ensuring individuals can navigate the complexities of modern financial systems securely. This paper examines the growing need for financial literacy in the context of digital safety, focusing on how individuals can protect themselves from financial threats in the digital economy. It explores the role of digital security measures, such as encryption, secure payment systems, and multi-factor authentication, in safeguarding financial transactions and personal data. Simultaneously, it emphasizes the importance of financial education in equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to recognize and mitigate online financial risks, such as phishing scams, identity theft, and fraudulent investment schemes. By analysing the current state of digital financial literacy, this paper highlights the gaps in knowledge that leave individuals vulnerable to financial exploitation in the digital space. It also discusses best practices for integrating digital safety education into financial literacy programs, both at the individual and policy levels. Furthermore, the paper outlines the responsibilities of financial institutions, tech companies, and governments in promoting digital safety and financial literacy. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the paper argues that fostering a comprehensive understanding of both digital security and financial management is crucial for mitigating financial risks and enhancing economic resilience in the digital economy.

Nanotechnology in food and beverage packaging has garnered significant interest due to its potential benefits, but it also raises safety concerns related to the toxicology of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). The primary issue is whether ENPs can migrate from food contact polymers into food and under what conditions this occurs. This review has two main objectives: First, it will examine the current advancements in ENP applications for food packaging, focusing on the latest risk assessment strategies and the conflicting findings from cytotoxicity studies. It will also highlight the often-overlooked effects of food matrices on nanoparticle behavior in the gastrointestinal tract, discussing a recently proposed standardized food model for evaluating the toxicity and fate of ingested ENPs. Second, the review will thoroughly analyse current market dynamics and industrial applications of ENPs in food packaging, aiming to offer a comprehensive overview of their impact and trends in the industry.

Medical billing fraud imposes significant financial and operational challenges on healthcare systems, highlighting the need for robust, privacy-preserving fraud detection solutions. This study presents a secure data pipeline that integrates homomorphic encryption (HE) and federated learning (FL) to enable decentralized fraud detection while maintaining patient confidentiality. Homomorphic encryption ensures data remains protected throughout the analytical process, while federated learning facilitates collaborative model training across healthcare institutions without requiring data centralization. Key findings reveal that increasing privacy levels via differential privacy effectively reduces data leakage risks, though it introduces minor computational overhead and a slight reduction in model accuracy. Scalability tests show that larger datasets considerably increase encryption time and memory usage, underscoring the need for optimized encryption algorithms. Additionally, secure communication protocols, while essential for data integrity, result in increased latency, which may impact real-time detection capabilities. The proposed pipeline achieves a balance between security and fraud detection accuracy, demonstrating its potential for real-world applications. However, further optimization of encryption methods and secure communication protocols is essential for broader scalability. This work advances privacy-centric approaches in healthcare fraud detection, setting a foundation for developing secure, scalable fraud detection systems.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and increased health-care cost. Magnesium and potassium has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its complications. Magnesium ions and potassium ions are considered essential for the maintenance of functional integrity of myocardium. The serum magnesium and potassium concentration was found to have great significance in AMI. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic value of serum magnesium and potassium in AMI. Aim: This study aimed to assess the dynamic changes in serum magnesium and potassium levels in acute STEMI patients and evaluate whether these levels correlate with presence of arrhythmias. Materials and methods: A comprehensive analysis was conducted over 18 months on 100 patients with acute STEMI. ECG examination was done and blood sample was taken for evaluation of serum magnesium and serum potassium. Statistical analysis was performed to examine correlation with MI and arrhythmias. Results: In the present study 51-60 years of age were maximum, males were most commonly seen. Mean ±SD of serum magnesium in VPC was 1.900±.3232, sinus tachycardia was 1.850±.1195, maximum in RBBB was 2.200±.000 followed by RBBB/CHB was 2±0, and minimum in 1.288±.5621. Results were found to be significant when comparing type of arrhythmia with serum magnesium. Mean ±SD of serum potassium in VPC was 3.030±.9627, sinus tachycardia was 3.638±.4502, maximum in RBBB was 4.600±.000 and minimum VT/RBBB in 2.850±1.0344. Results were found to be significant. Conclusion: Patients of AMI with low serum magnesium and potassium levels are found to be more prone to develop arrhythmias as compared to those with normal serum magnesium and potassium levels. Hence, it can be concluded that measurement of serum magnesium and potassium level is of prognostic significance in AMI.