Residency training exposes medical trainees to prolonged work hours, academic pressure and emotionally demanding clinical situations. These stressors contribute to psychological distress, potentially affecting patient safety and long-term workforce sustainability. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of psychological distress among postgraduate (PG) medical students using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), evaluated coping strategies using the Brief COPE questionnaire and examined associations between stress and coping patterns from a psychiatric rehabilitation perspective. Methods: A total of 430 PG medical trainees from three medical colleges of India completed a structured online questionnaire including demographic details, DASS-21 and Brief COPE questionnaire. Scores were computed as per standardized guidelines. Subgroup differences across specialty (clinical vs non-clinical), year of training and institutional site were evaluated. Correlations between stress and coping patterns were analyzed to explore adaptive and maladaptive psychological responses. Results: Clinical specialties demonstrated significantly higher stress scores compared to non-clinical specialties (Mean=29.8 vs 21.4). First-year residents reported the highest distress, primarily associated with long duty hours (75–100 hours/week) and reduced autonomy. Active and support-seeking coping strategies predominated, while religious coping showed modest positive correlation with stress (r=.15). Avoidant coping remained low. Minimal institutional variation suggested systemic stressors across training environments. Conclusions: PG trainees experience considerable distress, most evident during early residency and across high-intensity clinical specialties. While adaptive coping is prevalent, elevated stress highlights the need for structured mental health rehabilitation strategies, duty-hour reforms and resilience-building interventions. Findings emphasize occupational mental health as a critical component of healthcare workforce sustainability.

The proposed aid is designed to be arranged and operated by the wheelchair occupant without external assistance. Although several existing designs attempt to address curb climbing challenges, most rely on complex mechanisms, powered systems, or sophisticated controls, making them expensive, heavy, and impractical for household or everyday use. At present, there are no widely available solutions within an economical range that effectively meet the needs of a broad user population. The objective of this work is to develop a simple, low-cost, and user-friendly design that is feasible for users across different economic backgrounds. The proposed system consists of detachable attachments that can be manually deployed by the occupant with minimal physical effort. The design emphasizes affordability, ease of operation, and compatibility with conventional wheelchairs. The study involves analyzing the forces acting on the ramp during wheelchair traversal and using these results to design an appropriate and structurally safe ramp. In addition, mechanical stops are incorporated to arrest the attachments at predefined positions, eliminating the need for complete removal during operation. A slight eccentricity is introduced in the attachment at the axle to improve reachability and ease of handling for the occupant. Overall, the proposed design aims to provide a practical, economical, and effective solution for independent curb climbing by wheelchair users. This paper focuses on the design of a wheelchair equipped with an assistive aid that enables users to climb roadside curbs independently.

The objective of this review is to comprehensively evaluate recent advances in the formulation and characterization of luliconazole-loaded niosomes for topical antifungal therapy. The review highlights formulation strategies, critical material attributes, and performance outcomes, with a focus on improving drug solubility, skin permeability, and therapeutic efficacy. Significance of Review : Though highly effective against dermatophytes and Candida species, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and limited dermal retention, which reduce its therapeutic performance in conventional topical dosage forms. Niosomal drug delivery systems offer a promising alternative by enhancing drug stability, penetration, and controlled release. This review bridges the gap between lab-scale research and industrial application, providing insight into scalable, patient-compliant delivery platforms for antifungal therapy. Key Findings : Niosomes consisting of non-ionic surfactants (e.g., Span 60, Tween 60) and cholesterol have demonstrated high drug entrapment efficiency (>80%) and nanoscale vesicle size (100-200 nm).- Luliconazole-loaded niosomes provide sustained drug release (up to 24 hours) and significantly improved antifungal activity compared to conventional formulations.- Characterization techniques including DLS, TEM, FTIR, and in vitro permeation studies are critical to evaluate the vesicle integrity, drug-excipient interactions, and skin delivery performance.- Incorporation into gel bases (niosomal gel) further improves patient acceptability and bioadhesion, making the system suitable for commercial topical applications. Conclusion: Loaded niosomes are a potentially nanocarrier system for the effective handling of superficial  fungal infections. The reviewed studies confirm their potential to enhance topical bioavailability, prolong drug release, and improve therapeutic outcomes. Further research should focus on in vivo evaluations, stability profiling, and scale-up processes to facilitate clinical translation and commercial development.

Lopinavir, a protease inhibitor used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, suffers from poor oral bioavailability due to its low aqueous solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism. These challenges necessitate innovative formulation strategies to improve its therapeutic efficacy. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) have gained attention as a promising lipid-based approach for enhancing the solubility and absorption of hydrophobic drugs like lopinavir. SEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants that spontaneously form fine oil-in-water emulsions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby improving drug dissolution and intestinal absorption. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the formulation and evaluation strategies employed in the development of lopinavir-loaded SEDDS. It discusses the selection of excipients, phase diagram construction, emulsification behaviour, and formulation optimization techniques. Furthermore, the review highlights critical evaluation parameters such as droplet size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, and stability studies. Recent advancements in nano-based self-emulsifying formulations, patent developments, and regulatory considerations are also examined. The findings underscore the potential of SEDDS to overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of lopinavir and pave the way for improved oral delivery of antiretroviral drugs.

Background: Wood apple, botanically known as Feronia elephantum syn. Limonia acidissima, is a member of the Rutaceae family and has been valued in Ayurveda for its multifaceted medicinal properties. Traditionally used in managing various ailments, the plant is reported to be rich in significant pharmacological activities that include hypoglycaemic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, antimicrobial, and larvicidal effects, among others. The observed therapeutic benefits of this plant are attributed to bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, lignans, and terpenoids. Despite its extensive use in traditional medicine, its phytochemical and pharmacological profile needs consolidation through a systematic review. Objectives: The present review aims at compiling and analysing the existing scientific literature on the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of Wood apple, providing full insight into its medicinal potential. Methods: This study presents a critical review of the literature about Wood apple, conducted in major databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2010 and 2024. The search was conducted by using keywords such as Wood apple, Feronia elephantum, Limonia acidissima, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities associated with Boolean operators (AND/OR). Based on a structured selection process, only studies that described the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Wood apple were included. Results: A review of literature revealed the presence of bioactive principles, which are responsible for its therapeutic use. Experimental studies indicated that Wood apple possesses antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, Anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti-inflammatory activities. Besides, preclinical studies have pointed out its potential role in fighting against oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Conclusion: Wood apple (syn. F. elephantum, L. acidissima) is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals like flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, essential oils, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. These are the constituents responsible for the wide pharmacological activities of this plant and, therefore, represent an important plant within traditional and modern medicine. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of F. limonia in drug development and nutritional applications.  

Introduction:  Diabetic mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in India. The acute and chronic complications of Diabetic mellitus affect the physical, mental, and social well‑being of the patient, thereby, causing heavy burden on the health care system. Previous research Studies have demonstrated that adequate self‑care activity among the patients will facilitate good glycemic control and prevent complications. Objectives: To assess the existing awareness regarding lifestyle modification on self-care activity among diabetic mellitus patient and To determine the association between awareness about self-care activity of diabetic mellitus patient with selected demographic characteristics. Methods: This descriptive cross‑sectional study was carried out among 110 diabetic mellitus patient   in the selected rural area of Maharashtra the participants were interviewed on their diabetic status and various components of self‑care activity adopted from The Summary of Diabetic Self‑care activity regarding lifestyle modification questionnaire prepared by investigator and validated by experts. Results: Our study observed that the overall prevalence of self‑care activity regarding lifestyle modification was very poor (58.18%). Average self‑care activity was prevalent in 41.82% of the study. In our study, the association between self‑care activities with educational status was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: this research study highlight on the need for awareness to be provided in rural areas regarding Diabetic mellitus care self‑care activity. planned  programs need to be organize  to improve self care activity  of diabetic mellitus  patient  to promote better health  compliance regarding  diet, exercise, adherence to drugs, and appropriate foot care regarding lifestyle modification.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting has gained immense prominence as corporations seek legitimacy within their institutional environments. This paper investigates the role of institutional isomorphism in shaping ESG signalling, specifically how firms in different national contexts conform to ESG expectations. Utilizing institutional theory and signalling theory, this study explores the interplay between coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures in shaping sustainability narratives. We hypothesize that firms across countries adapt their ESG reporting to institutional expectations, which are influenced by the regulatory environment, market maturity, and cultural factors. A comparative analysis of ESG reports from firms in developed and emerging markets reveals that coercive pressures dominate in regions with stringent regulations (e.g., the European Union), while mimetic pressures are more prevalent in less regulated markets (e.g., Asia). The study also finds that normative pressures, driven by global reporting frameworks such as the GRI and TCFD, shape strategic conformity in ESG disclosures. This paper contributes to the understanding of cross-national differences in ESG signalling and offers managerial and policy implications for multinational corporations (MNCs) and regulators.