Minimnya pasokan telur ayam lokal (kampung) menjadi peluang pasar bagi telur ayam arab, dikarenakan kemiripan bentuk, ukuran dan warna cangkangnya sehingga sulit untuk dibedakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perubahan kualitas telur ayam arab selama penyimpanan di refrigerator dan suhu kamar. Penelitian eksperimental ini didesain menggunakan sistem rancangan acak kelompok, kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari telur yang disimpan di refrigerator menggunakan rak telur (K1), refrigerator menggunakan keranjang (K2), suhu ruang menggunakan rak telur (K3), dan suhu ruang menggunakan keranjang (K4). Parameter yang diamati, yaitu bobot telur, tinggi kantung udara, Indeks Kuning Telur (IKT), Indeks Putih Telur (IPT), dan Haugh unit (HU). Lima butir telur pada masing-masing kelompok diamati kualitasnya selama 45 hari penyimpanan dengan interval 5 hari sehingga total sampel berjumlah 200 butir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) pada semua parameter kualitas telur terhadap waktu penyimpanan telur ayam Arab. Telur ayam Arab yang disimpan di suhu ruang dan refrigerator menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P<0,05). Telur yang disimpan di rak telur dan di keranjang tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05). Faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas telur secara signifikan yaitu suhu dan waktu penyimpanan. Penempatan telur di refrigerator mampu mempertahankan kualitas telur ayam Arab lebih lama.

Natural active-ingredient-based shampoos offer an effective and eco-friendly solution for maintaining the skin and hair health of companion animals. This study aimed to predict the toxicity of phytochemical compounds from citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) and neem oil (Azadirachta indica) using an in silico approach with the ProTox-II platform. The analyzed compounds included limonene, farnesene, eucalyptol, menthol, oleic acid, p-cymene, indole, (9Z)-9- octadecenamide, amylbenzene, p-cresol, camphor, and dieugenol, selected based on LC-MS/MS analysis. The evaluated toxicological parameters comprised oral acute toxicity (LD50), hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity (cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity), as well as nuclear receptor signaling and stress response pathways. The results revealed that p-cymene exhibited the highest toxicity (LD50 = 3 mg/kg, class I), followed by oleic acid (LD50 = 48 mg/kg, class II), whereas amylbenzene was classified as non-toxic (LD50 = 6430 mg/kg, class VI). All compounds were predicted to be non-hepatotoxic and non-immunotoxic; however, p-cymene, indole, and amylbenzene showed potential carcinogenicity. Limonene was predicted to be active against AhR, ER, MMP, and ATAD5 receptors, while dieugenol was active against nrf2/ARE, HSE, and MMP. These predictions suggest that most compounds are safe for shampoo applications, except for p-cymene, which requires further evaluation. This study provides preliminary insights for the development of safe and effective natural-based shampoos.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) dan kreatinin pada kucing penderita Feline Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD). Kucing dengan FLUTD seringkali mengalami gangguan ginjal seperti azotemia dan kelainan ginjal kronis yang disebut Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) . Kedua kondisi tersebut terlihat dari tingginya kadar BUN dan Kreatinin dalam darah. Kadar BUN dan Kreatinin diperiksa dengan mengambil serum darah kucing penderita FLUTD menggunakan spuit sekali pakai berukuran 3 cc dan ditampung dalam tabung kemudian disentrifugasi dengan kecepatan 3000 rpm selama 10 menit. Alat yang digunakan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan BUN dan kreatinin adalah alat pemeriksaan kimia darah VetTest Idexx Laboratory®. Hasil pemeriksaan pada 25 ekor kucing terdapat 64% (16/25) mengalami peningkatan nilai BUN dan 36% (25/9) mengalami peningkatan nilai kreatinin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kucing dengan FLUTD juga akan mengalami gangguan ginjal, sehingga diperlukan terapi tambahan untuk menurunkan kadar BUN dan kreatinin.

Lumba-lumba hidung botol Indo-Pasifik merupakan model potensial untuk pengembangan preservasi semen pada mamalia laut. Pengencer komersial berbasis lesitin digunakan untuk preservasi semen cair lumba-lumba hidung botol indo-pasifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeavaluasi karakteristik semen cair lumba-lumba hidung botol pasca penyimpanan pada suhu 5 °C dalam pengencer komersial berbasis lesitin. Semen segar dari dua lumba-lumba hidung botol indo-pasifik berusia 11,5 dan 18 tahun dikoleksi satu minggu sekali sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Semen segar dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Semen dengan motilitas sperma lebih dari 70% dibagi menjadi empat tabung, masing-masing dengan dan tanpa perlakuan sentrifugasi. Semen dibagi menjadi konsentrasi 100×106 ml-1 dan 200×106 ml-1, kemudian disimpan pada suhu 5 °C selama 4 hari. Evaluasi dilakukan setiap 24 jam meliputi motilitas, viabilitas, dan membran plasma utuh (MPU) spermatozoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan yang signifikan (P < 0,05) pada kualitas sperma setiap 24 jam pemeriksaan pada semua perlakuan. Kualitas semen cair dipertahankan dengan motilitas ≥40% hingga hari ke-2 setelah penampungan semen. Preservasi semen cair sperma lumba-lumba hidung botol indo-pasifik dapat dilakukan dalam jangka waktu penyimpanan yang singkat yaitu 48 jam pada semua perlakuan dengan pengencer komersial berbasis lesitin.

Macaca nemestrina, also known as the pigtail macaque, plays a crucial role in drug development and serves as a highly valuable animal model for studying various human diseases due to its phenotypic similarities to humans, including those related to the aging process. Hematology is a critical component of clinical assessments for this spesies, serving both as a diagnostic tool to determine their health status and to characterize disease models, including degenerative and geriatric diseases. As anemia is a common phenomenon in the elderly, it is also important to determine whether M. nemestrina exhibit a similar condition with age. The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profiles of clinically healthy female M. nemestrina across young, adult, and elderly age groups, particularly related to anemia parameters. This study was conducted at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. The animals were part of a breeding colony and were divided into three groups based on age: young (5–7 years), adult (12–14 years), and elderly (18–21 years). Following anesthesia with ketamine, a physical examination was performed to determine clinical status, and blood samples were collected for a complete blood count (CBC) evaluation using an automated analyzer. The results showed that total erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly different (P<0.05) in the elderly group compared to the other groups. Additionally, the red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage and leukocyte count differed significantly between the adult and elderly groups. The results showed that the erythrogram differs with age in clinically healthy M. nemestrina, suggesting the importance of determining appropriate baseline reference values in macaques of different ages.

Estrus synchronization is a technique used to stimulate estrus and ovulation in a group of animals using hormones. This study aimed to compare three estrus synchronization methods. Fifteen female garut sheep were used and treated with: progesterone-CIDR, double injection prostaglandins, and their combination. At standing heat, ewes were mated with a buck. The parameters measured include the onset estrus, duration estrus, pattern of electrical impedance in the vaginal mucus, number and size of follicles, and pregnancy status. All treated ewes responded to estrus (100%). There were different onset of estrus, namely CIDR (54h), CIDR+PGF2α (41h), and double injection of PGF2α (49.4h), respectively. Meanwhile, the Duration of estrus of CIDR (30,6h), CIDR+PGF2α (29.8h), and double injection of PGF2α (22.4h), respectively. Furthermore, electrical impedance of vaginal mucus at standing heat were CIDR (208Ω), CIDR+PGF2α (189Ω) and double injection of PGF2α (305Ω). The follicle size on H0 to standing heat in each group was significant (p<0.05), while the follicle count was significant only (p<0.05) in the CIDR group. Pregnancy rate was achieved by synchronization with CIDR and double injection prostaglandin (100%) compared to CIDR+PGF2α (40%). It's concluded that the third method of synchronization could result in the best estrus response with slight different characteristics.

Antibiotic resistance in pets, especially cats, has become a serious global health challenge. The irrational use of antibiotics, whether excessive or inappropriate, accelerates the emergence of resistant bacteria that can potentially spread to humans and the environment. This study aims to identify the presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and analyze its resistance patterns in domestic cats in East Surabaya. A total of 35 rectal swab samples were collected from pet cats and tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. The samples were isolated using the selective MacConkey Agar medium and confirmed as Escherichia coli through Gram staining, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The results showed that 94.3% (33/35) of the samples contained Escherichia coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance rates of 27% (9/33) to ampicillin, 24% (8/33) to streptomycin, and 12% (4/33) to tetracycline. Additionally, 9.1% (3/33) of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistance, showing resistance to all three antibiotics (AMP-TE-S). Other resistance patterns included AMP-S (6.1%) and TE-S (3.1%). The high resistance rate of Escherichia coli in domestic cats highlights the critical role of pets as potential reservoirs of resistant bacteria, which may impact human health through direct contact or environmental transmission. Therefore, raising awareness and educating pet owners and veterinary professionals on the prudent and responsible use of antibiotics is essential. The One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health, is a strategic measure to prevent the future spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Broiler chickens are a vital global commodity, known for their rapid growth and efficiency, but their productivity has historically relied on Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP), necessitating the development of safe alternatives. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-curcumin nanofibers as a potential substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) in improving the growth performance of broiler chickens. The nanofibers were synthesized via the electrospinning technique at varying PVA concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, and their morphology was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The in vitro assay evaluated curcumin release profiles were measured in phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7,4) at 37 °C. A seven-day in vivo experiment involving 30 broiler hens categorized into 5 groups to assess the impact of supplementation on body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The synthesized PVA- curcumin nanofibers exhibited optimal dimensions (100–135 nm), with gradual curcumin release measuered at 43,5–51,5% at 5 minutes and 49,27–64,5% at 120 minutes. While statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p> 0,05). The treatment group showed higher average daily gain (ADG) (99,49–115,4 g) and feed intake (FI) (118,76–129,11 g), resulting in better feed conversion ratio (FCR) (0,921–1,00) compared to the control group. In conclusion, PVA-curcumin nanofibers were successfully synthesized, demonstrating their potential to improve growth performance, and are suitable as an alternative non-antibiotic growth promoter in broilers.

The increase in cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is attributed to an increase in DHF vectors, which is aconsequence of a failing mosquito control program. One major factor is specific gene resistance to insecticides. Research on resistance genes is crucial for effective vector control. One of the putative insecticide-resistant genes against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes is ace-1 (acetylcholinesterase-1), currently, there is no specific primer information that can amplify the ace-1 gene. This study aimed to design a specific primer for the ace-1 gene in Ae. aegypti. The study is an observational descriptive study in silico using NCBI, Primer3web, and BLAST databases, followed by an in vitro confirmation stage using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The accession number of the ace-1 gene was MK896351.1. The research results showed two potential specific primer pairs; primer 1 with an amplicon length of ±413 bp and an annealing temperature of 49.6°C, while primer 2 with an amplicon length of ±417 bp and an annealing temperature of 51.3°C. The PCR product was visualized using 2% agarose gel and EtBr dye with gel documentation. In conclusion, this research successfully acquired two potential specific primer pairs for amplifying the ace-1 gene as a putative insecticide-resistant gene in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Continuous use of topical NSAIDs in AD cases has been shown to cause adverse effects. Lissachatina fulica mucin (LFM) cream, a natural alternative, has been used for wound healing and can be used as a preventative or curative agent in AD. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of LFM cream, exploring its potential as a preventative and curative measure in AD. A total of 36 male BALB/c mice were divided into three cream dosage groups: 0%, 5%, and 10%. The two treatments were preventive and curative, and the two testing times were 0 and 5 days, with three replicates each. Mice were induced with atopic dermatitis by applying 1% DNCB to a 1x1 cm area on their dorsal area for seven days. The preventive group used LFM cream for seven days before DNCB, while the curative group used it after DNCB. Blood samples were collected on days 0 and 5 of the treatment period and analyzed using a hematology analyzer. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism 10, followed by Tukey's test at a 95% confidence level. The toxicity test confirmed that the LFM cream is non-toxic and safe for topical use. The DNCB compound 1% exhibited four main symptoms of atopic dermatitis: pruritus, erythema, excoriation, and lichenification. LFM cream was highly effective, significantly suppressing AD symptoms, with the ADSI score remaining below 2 (p<0.05). Specifically, the curative efficacy was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the ADSI score on day 5 (p<0.05). Hematological analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and thrombocytes across groups. The LFM cream is effective and safe for preventative use and successfully treats acute AD at 5% concentration.