Covering: up to 2018With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research. The call for advancing open sharing mechanisms for raw data is intended to enhance the transparency of experimental protocols, augment the reproducibility of reported outcomes, including biological studies, become a regular component of responsible research, and thereby enrich the integrity of NP research and related fields.

Correction for 'The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research' by James B. McAlpine et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2018, DOI: .

The National Airspace System suffers from a reduction in airport throughput or even closure when weather or traffic volume constrains arrival or departure gates to and from the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facilities. To alleviate this, the Federal Aviation Administration introduced the Integrated Arrival and Departure Control Services (IADCS) concept that would extend terminal separations and procedures to the adjacent Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) sectors for more flexible traffic. It proposes the use of resectorization, bidirectional gates, bidirectional routes, and Air Traffic Control assigned routes. We evaluated them in the human-in-the-loop high-fidelity experiment and collected objective and subjective data. Our results clearly showed that all IADCS procedures except the vertically separated/bidirectional gate procedure were more effective than the Baseline condition that controllers currently use in the field. We conjecture the vertically separated/bidirectional gate procedure requires more complex perceptual and cognitive processes than the other procedures.

In the air traffic control domain, there are no clear distinctions in the definition of critical safety messages, such as alarms and alerts. We therefore created a categorization scheme to distinguish alarms from the alerts and applied it to NextGen air traffic control systems: Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS), En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM), and Data Communications. Controllers then evaluated the effectiveness of the alarms and alerts of these NextGen systems. We used Cognitive Walkthrough method with the “thinking aloud” procedure to collect their spontaneous and immediate evaluation. Based on these evaluations, we present recommendations for the future NextGen air traffic control alarm and alert design.

In this paper, we report results of a human-in-the-loop simulation experiment that evaluated how Conflict Resolution Advisories (CRA) affected en route air traffic controllers’ performance. Twelve current en route Certified Professional Controllers from Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) participated in the experiment. Results showed that controllers used CRA menus significantly more often than Baseline menus. They also spent more time interacting with the CRA menus than with the Baseline menus. Most of the participants’ subjective ratings favored the CRA, but they also pointed out a few features to be improved.

The properties of β-NaEuF4/NaGdF4 core-shell nanocrystals have been thoroughly investigated. Nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and an overall diameter of ∼22 nm have been produced with either small β-NaEuF4 cores (∼3 nm diameter) or large β-NaEuF4 cores (∼18 nm diameter). The structural properties and core-shell formation are investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance, respectively. Optical luminescence measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to gain information about the optical emission bands and valence states of the rare earth constituents. Magnetic characterization is performed by SQUID and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the rare earth M(4,5) edges. The characterization of the core-shell nanoparticles by means of these complementary techniques demonstrates that partial intermixing of core and shell materials takes place, and a significant fraction of europium is present in the divalent state which has significant influence on the magnetic properties. Hence, we obtained a combination of red emitting Eu(3+) ions and paramagnetic Gd(3+) ions, which may be highly valuable for potential future applications.

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) were functionalized in order to target specific antigens associated with pathogenic viruses and bacteria, and enhance the selective diagnosis and killing of infectious agents. Gold NPs, conjugated to antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus, and hepatitis B viral proteins, were able to detect as little as 10pg/ml of viral antigen, with excellent specificity and no cross-reactivity between antigens, using NanoLISA, a modified immunoaffinity assay. For antimicrobial use, gold NPs were conjugated to antibodies specific to Staphylococcus aureus surface proteins, incubated with suspensions of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and -sensitive (MSSA) S. aureus, and then exposed to YAG laser. In the MRSA and MSSA populations, bacterial survival was reduced to 58% and 31% of control, respectively. Non-functionalized NPs had a negligible bactericidal effect. Dual-use, diagnostic and therapeutic functionalized gold NPs prospectively can be used alone or incorporated into existing clinical procedures.

The Development Planning Directorate of the Space and Missile Systems Center is responsible for developing future Air Force Space Command mission architectures, beyond the current programs of record. Additionally, this directorate is studying the emergent issue of resilience of our space capabilities. As a result, we are able to provide here a set of heuristics for resilient architecting. This is not intended as an exhaustive list, and the quantitative data to validate these is still new: the universal applicability has yet to be proven. As with all architecting heuristics, they are a shorthand to be used early in the design process and will eventually require the architect to confirm for applicability for a specific mission. By studying the long trail of vulnerability analysis, especially as it has been applied to aircraft, we were able to start by translating many of the air platform survivability techniques into their space-based analogs. In this initial study, we assessed the contributions to space mission resilience from increasing maneuverability on-orbit, disaggregating missions (where multiple previously shared a single satellite platform), changing constellation size, developing allied hosting arrangements, re-aggregating (cohosting) dissimilar missions on a single satellite, and exploring non-traditional orbits (to avoid historically congested altitude/inclinations). One goal of study is to propose viable architectural inputs into the formal Air Force Space Command planning, programming and budgeting cycle. Because of this, the study also developed a cost estimate for each of the candidate architectures. This results in anecdotal data on the relative cost for achieving increased resilience by each method. This paper shows how to translate the authors’ strategy into a framework so that candidate architectures can be quantitatively compared with respect to the performance they provide, their resiliency, and their cost so decision makers can identify the best architecture to adopt given a cost constraint. This framework is current being used to assess a wide range of future space system architectures.

The emerging fields of graphene-based magnetic and spintronic devices require a deep understanding of the interface between graphene and ferromagnetic metals. This paper reports a detailed investigation at the nanometer level of the Fe-graphene interface carried out by angle-resolved photoemission, high-resolution photoemission from core levels, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure, scanning tunnelling microscopy and spin polarized density functional theory calculations. Quasi-free-standing graphene was grown on Pt(111), and the iron film was either deposited atop or intercalated beneath graphene. Calculations and experimental results show that iron strongly modifies the graphene band structure and lifts its π band spin degeneracy.