Sprayed concrete is widely used in tunnel support and structural repair, but the direct addition of conventional viscosity-modifying agents often causes pipeline blockage and competitive adsorption with polycarboxylate superplasticizers, which leads to poor workability and high rebound rates. To overcome these practical problems, this study designs a mechanically triggered core–shell HPMC-40000 thickening agent (HPMC @ SiO2-TA) that can increase the instantaneous viscosity of mortar only when the material impacts the sprayed surface. The improvement effect of HPMC @ SiO2-TA on the performance of sprayed mortar was evaluated by apparent viscosity property, mechanical properties, bounce rate tests. The experimental results indicated that HPMC @ SiO2-TA exhibited thixotropic characteristics under external force and synergistic rapid hardening effects. When the dosage of HPMC @ SiO2-TA was 0.05%, the 2-h bonding strength reached 0.053 MPa, which was 130.43% higher than that of the blank group. When the dosage of HPMC @ SiO2-TA was 0.07%, the rebound rate of the released core material after spraying could be reduced to 7.95%, which was 35.15% lower than that of the control group. This study aims to provide a new material that mitigates the increase in viscosity and loss of elasticity in sprayed mortar, thereby effectively lowering the rebound rate of sprayed concrete mortar. These results demonstrate that the mechanically triggered HPMC @ SiO2-TA is an effective thickening agent for low-rebound sprayed mortar and provide a promising strategy for designing smart admixtures for shotcrete applications.

This paper explores the evolving role of Confucian philosophy in shaping the landscape of modern Chinese education.Once deeply embedded in imperial learning systems, Confucian principles-particularly Li (ritual propriety), Ren (humaneness), and Xiao (filial piety)-are witnessing a state-led revival aimed at reinforcing social harmony, discipline, and moral behavior among students.Through a descriptive analysis of national education policies, classroom practices, AI-based disciplinary technologies, and teacher-student interactions, this study investigates how these ancient values are reinterpreted in a globalized, technologically advanced educational setting.It highlights both the resurgence of traditional values through initiatives like National Studies curricula and the tensions that arise when Confucian norms encounter modern values such as critical thinking, individuality, and educational autonomy.The findings suggest that while Confucianism continues to serve as a moral compass, its application in contemporary classrooms is often selective, mechanized, and at times contradictoryespecially when enforced by digital surveillance tools that uphold ritual behavior without fostering internal virtue.The paper concludes with reflections on the pedagogical and ethical implications of redefining Confucianism in a hybrid educational model that merges tradition with modernity.