With the growth of healthcare facilities, the amount of biomedical waste produced every day is growing. If biomedical waste management is done correctly, many of the problems can be avoided. Segregation, storage, processing, transportation, and disposal of biomedical waste are all common practices undertaken as part of health care waste management. It involves interdisciplinary relationships in organizational, planning, administrative, financial, engineering, legal, and human resource creation. Medical waste management necessitates dedication from healthcare providers at all levels. The risks and value of their contribution are feared in a system run by reckless and untrained personnel. Also trained medical professionals, such as hospital managers, private and governmental institutes, clinics, and universities, need to be taught about the rules for disposing of biomedical waste. The importance of biomedical waste, its interaction with the ecosystem, the environmental pollutants used in the health care industry, and the effect of callousness on public health are all topics that are still largely unknown. To achieve better results, we must raise the level of training and education in biomedical waste and environmentally sustainable health care as quickly as possible, while adhering to all applicable rules and regulations.

Hazardous and toxic waste is the residue of a business or activity containing hazardous and toxic materials which due to their nature and concentration or amount, either directly or indirectly pollute or damage and endanger the health of the environment. This study examines the awareness and willingness of the community in the management of electronic waste in Banjarsari District, Surakarta. The objectives of this study are: (i) Knowing the level of awareness of the people of Banjarsari District regarding electronic waste management; (ii) Knowing the level of willingness of the people of Banjarsari District to participate in electronic waste management; and (iii) Provide recommendations for electronic waste management in Banjarsari District. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach that prioritizes descriptive data, observations, and interpretations. The technique of collecting data is through primary data obtained from surveys or questionnaires to the people of Banjarsari District and secondary data derived from related literature. The results showed that the level of awareness and understanding of the electronic waste management of the people of Banjarsari District was quite good. The people of Banjarsari District have a high level of willingness to participate in waste management but are reluctant to incur additional costs due to economic and social problems. Recommendations are applied in the management in Banjarsari District by collecting, picking up electronic waste, and collaborating with third parties such as PT. Arah Environmental Indonesia.

The oil sands industry of Alberta generates huge amounts of tailings in a slurry form that typically require up to 40 years to consolidate in very large tailings ponds which are up to 150 m in height. Cement kiln dust (CKD), a byproduct of the ordinary Portland cement manufacturing process, as well as lime and fly ash, collectively referred to as geopolymers, may have the potential to reduce the tailings slurry consolidation period from 40 years, thus affecting the sustainability of such tailings facilities. However, first, it must be demonstrated that these geopolymers will also decrease the metal leaching from thickened tailings (TT) and mature fine tailings (MFT) from the oil sands industry. This study was focused on the use of geopolymers to reduce the environmental impact of TT- and MFT-tailings in the Alberta oil sands industry. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) and static leaching test (SLT) was used to examine the leaching of metals from tailings, with the SLT test effectively mimicking the leaching process in the tailings ponds environment. Under non-acidic conditions corresponding to the SLT test results, iron concentrations with values of about 530-705 ppm were found to be lower than previous studies on oil sand tailing ponds (2400 ppm). Results showed that geopolymer amendment of TT and MFT significantly reduced the leaching of heavy metals. SLT tests showed that amendment of MFT with 7% CKD decreased Pb, Mn, and Fe leaching, whereas TT-amended with 4% CKD decreased Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe. Overall, the CKD amendment of TT showed more than 95% efficiency in the reduction of leaching of all heavy metals. In TCLP tests, TT-amended with 2% FA decreased the leaching of Pb and Ni to acceptable levels with substantial efficiency in reducing the leaching of Fe, Cu, and Zn. TCLP tests also showed that among different amendments, TT-amended with 4% CKD or 2% FA were the most effective proportions for controlling metal leaching from TT, while MFT-amended with 7% lime/FA or 3% CKD were the effective proportions for reducing metal leaching from MFT. Thus, it is deduced that CKD at 3%-4% w/w amendment would work best for reducing leachate levels of both TT and MFT. While amendment of tailings by means of a combination of fly ash and lime also were effective in reducing the leaching of metals, these two geopolymers were not as effective as the CKD amendment.

Water scarcity in Egypt is a critical issue that threats all the life fields such as industry and agriculture sectors. So, searching for alternative water resources was the key solution by depending on treating dairy wastewater in order to provide sufficient treated water enough to reuse in other fields. Integrated fixed film activated sludge process (IFAS) was employed as a biological treatment process. A laboratory pilot was established as a simulation of the biological treatment process. The laboratory pilot consists of primary sedimentation tank, aeration tank, and final settling tank with dimensions of 50 × 25× 25 cm for each. Three bio-carriers were used as IFAS Media with different filling ratio in order to achieve COD, BOD, TN, and TP removal efficiency. Watermelon rind was used in the first experimental trial, then Polyurethane sponges in the second experimental trial, and Cotton fibers in the third experimental trial. After analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of dairy wastewater samples, it was clear that Cotton fibers was the most effective in removing BOD, BOD, TN, and TP concentrations with removal efficiency of 88.35%, 88.3%, 76 %, and 69.3% respectively.

A facile and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was carried out via hydrothermal and microwave treatment using Rambutan and Pandan leaves as carbon sources. The effects of synthesis methods on the optical and physical properties of CQDs, and the sensing activity of CQDs through Cu 2+ detection are presented in this study. From the analysis, the band-gap energies of CQDs are found to be ranging from 2.52 to 3.51 eV. The CQDs solutions exhibit significant fluorescence property, in which bright cyan fluorescence can be detected under Ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation at wavelength of around 405 nm. The CQDs synthesized from Pandan and Rambutan leaves using hydrothermal method show quantum yield (QY) values at around 2.46% and 2.70%, respectively. The FT-IR analysis recorded existing functional groups on the surface of CQDs to be of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which can serve as adsorption sites for the detection of Cu 2+ . Furthermore, this study indicates that CQDs emission from Pandan and Rambutan leaves using hydrothermal method shows the best turn-off behavior when detecting the presence of Cu 2+ with minimum limit of detection (LoD) as low as 123 µM.

Abstract - Increased production capacity of the tofu factory has an impact on increasing waste. Tofu liquid waste is one of the untapped wastes and even just thrown away. Besides, the tofu industry needs water for its processing, so more wastewater produces more than tofu solid waste. Wastewater from the making tofu process produces liquid waste which is a source of pollution for humans and the environment that will disrupt the ecosystem and environmental health. The right process for handling tofu wastewater is by an anaerobic process that converts the liquid waste fermented by bacteria into methane gas. This methane gas can be used as a new energy resource and this energy can be used for cooking or frying tofu. The results of the research are from 500 liters of tofu liquid waste treated, 149.6 liters of biogas were obtained in 21 days. It increased the quality of biogas as seen from the increase in CH 4 levels by 70%, temperature in the digester by 32 o C, volume in 149.6 liters, and decreasing H 2 S levels by 9 ppm, CO by 13 ppm, O 2 by 15.1%. Based on the test results, the maximum fermentation time is 21 days.

Energy problems in Indonesia are issues that are not easy to solve. If the energy needs dominated by BBM continue to increase without any changes in the pattern of energy use, then Indonesia's sustainability and energy security will be disrupted. Therefore, Indonesia really needs alternative energy. Biogas is an alternative energy produced from the anaerobic degradation of organic compounds and can be a substitute for natural gas and fossil fuels. Cow's blood which is a waste from slaughterhouses can be used as a substrate for anaerobic biogas production by rumen and molasses. The objectives of this study are (i) To examine the comparison of the concentration of blood and molasses added to the volume of biogas produced, (ii) To examine the effect of pasteurization on blood on the volume of biogas produced, (iii) To examine the effect of initial system pH regulation on the volume of biogas produced, (iv) Assessing the pH setting and without adjusting the pH after measuring the volume of biogas produced. This research was conducted by making variations in the composition of feeds, pH stabilization, and blood pasteurization. The process of biogas formation is carried out for 40 days at room temperature with the response of quantitative results in the form of biogas volume every 2 days. Biogas production in cow's blood gets the best results at C/N 30, using pH 8. Pretreatment of blood pasteurization and pH stabilization also shows the best biogas results.

Objective : Many factors affect lung function capacity in textile industry workers. This research aims to determine the factors that affect the vital role of pulmonary spinning workers in the textile industry. Methods : This research used an analytic observational research design with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling technique used total sampling and get the sample was 96 people, and measurement of lung vital capacity used spirometry. The Low Volume Sampler was applied to measure dust concentration, and the questionnaire was used to assess the individual characteristics. Results : Bivariate analysis of the variables is the working environment dust, and gender are significant. The result of multivariate analysis of dust is the most significant to the lung vital capacity. Conclusion : dust concentrations is classified above the Threshold Limit Value (TLV), so the company should to control the source of dust exposure. Keywords : lung vital capacity

The study aimed at optimizing different fermentation conditions for bioethanol production using rotten tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum ). Rotten tomatoes were collected from sellers at Nairobi market, Kenya for six months and analysed after each time of collection in Kenyatta University Laboratory. They were physically pre-treated and enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using commercial cellulase from Aspergillus niger . Fermentation was carried out using pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast). Fermentation variables were optimised at different incubation times of (24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours) and temperatures (20 o C, 25 o C and 30 o C). Concentration (%/v/v) of bioethanol at the end of each fermentation time was determined by the use of colorimetric method and residual sugar was determined using DNS method by Miller. Maximum bioethanol percentages of (0.17%) and (0.16%) were achieved at 24 hours and 30 o C respectively. Thus, the optimum conditions for maximum bioethanol production in the study were fermentation time of 24 hours and temperature 30 o C. The study results have proved the effectiveness of producing bioethanol from rotten tomatoes using baker’s yeast for fermentation.

Zero-waste is a recent phenomenon which is one of the most cost-effective local solution to handle some of the environmental, social and economic challenge in urban area. Urbanization and rising populations will affect the increase in consumption, which in turn will also increase waste production in urban areas. In 2020, it was noted that 24 percent of waste in Indonesia had not been processed properly. Thus, the waste management approach needs to prioritize not only through a qualified technology system but also needs to be supported by the transformation of people's behavior, one of which is through zero-waste. Bulk store is an urban initiative that applies the concept of zero-waste. This shop combines social and entrepreneurial concepts as well as the environment in carrying out its business processes. Through the concept of zero-waste, people must bring their own containers to shop here. This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges of bulk store as an initiative to achieve zero-waste communities in urban areas. The method used in this research is qualitative approach through interviews and observations with shop owners, consumers and networks. The results obtained from this study are that education is the main factor determining the success of the bulk store. Apart from that, bulk stores also have another role, namely as a market-hub for local producers around urban areas. This makes bulk stores have a strategic role in supporting the zero-waste community