Participatory leadership has gained prominence as a vital approach in both public and private administrative institutions to enhance inclusivity and decision-making effectiveness. However, within the executive administrative departments of the Kisii County Government, this approach has not been effectively utilized, thereby constraining efficient service delivery to stakeholders. The general objective of this study was to examine participatory leadership for effective decision-making processes in the executive departments of Kisii County Government, Kenya. The study was anchored on the New Public Management Theory, Administrative Management Theory, and Contingency Theory of Management. The target population comprised 150 respondents, from which a sample size of 108 was determined using Gill's (2010) formula. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using content analysis, thematic analysis, and narrative techniques. Findings revealed that although mechanisms for participatory decision-making exist within the executive administrative departments, their application remains limited, as indicated by 31 (50.8%) respondents. The study recommends the adoption of servant leadership practices within the executive administration to enhance inclusivity, accountability, and the effectiveness of decision-making processes.

The interaction between man and nature has existed since time immemorial. In the literary arena, scholarship on the interaction between man and his environment is on a steady rise, given the global concern with environmental issues. This study examines the relationship between man and nature in Austin Bukenya’s play, A Hole in the Sky (2013). In particular, the study examines the playwright’s depiction of man’s connectedness/disconnectedness with the natural world and how this impacts the environment as brought out in the play. An analytical research design was adopted for the study. The Eco-critical theory was used in the reading analysis and interpretation of the text. The findings reveal that the pursuit of selfish interest leads to a disconnection between man and nature thereby destabilizing the balance between them. Harmony exists only when there is a sense of connection between man and nature. Nature and man are trapped in a reciprocal relationship in which nature responds positively to positive actions by man, and vice versa—defilement of nature by man results in retributive justice. The playwright advocates an eco-centric relationship between man and nature that recognizes the interrelations among organismal and inanimate elements in the world and the fact that they depend on one another and therefore need to be considerate in their actions towards one another.

This article examines the challenges that hinder the effective application and integration of traditional management practices in Kenyan museums. Despite their key role in preserving and managing Kenya's rich heritage, these practices are often overlooked, as heritage managers prefer contemporary methods over traditional ones. The research used multiple data collection instruments, including questionnaires and interview guides. Regarding the sampling techniques, a purposive sampling approach was used to select the respondents and museums. The sample population consisted of 30 key informants and 120 members of the local community living near the selected museums. The study's findings revealed insufficient funding, communication barriers, a lack of documentation of these methods, and institutional resistance as key barriers to the effective application of these practices in Kenyan museums. As a result, these management practices are not fully recognized, integrated and appreciated in the context of Kenyan Museums.

The rapid expansion of online transactions has reshaped consumer behavior and modern commercial practices. Alongside these advancements, however, a range of legal challenges has emerged, particularly in relation to the loss of goods in online transactions. This study explores the forms of legal protection available to consumers when goods purchased online are lost during the delivery stage. Adopting a normative juridical approach, the research examines consumer protection legislation, regulations governing electronic transactions, and the respective responsibilities of business actors, online platforms, and delivery service providers. The findings show that consumers are legally entitled to remedies such as compensation, replacement of goods, or refunds when losses arise from negligence or breaches of contractual obligations. In addition, the study underscores the need for clearly defined liability arrangements and effective dispute resolution mechanisms to promote legal certainty and fairness. Strengthening regulatory frameworks and law enforcement is, therefore, crucial to building consumer trust and ensuring balanced protection in the increasingly dynamic digital marketplace.

Theories of learning are integral parts of second language instruction. They provide frameworks that teachers use to control the learners' behavior, meet their needs, and learning styles. This improves their discipline and performance in the target language. The current article discusses one of the learning theories in education: Bruner's constructivist learning theory. It discussed its tenets and how they could be applied in the teaching of Kiswahili. The purpose was to provide the necessary information that would fill the gap between theory and practice in the teaching of Kiswahili as a second language.

Kenya’s food system is facing increasing pressure from climate variability, a growing population, and reliance on a limited range of staple crops. Indigenous crops, especially millet and sorghum, have the potential to revolutionize food security systems in the country due to their high nutritional values and resistance to harsh climatic conditions. This study relied on the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey Data to examine factors influencing the adoption of certified millet and sorghum seeds as well as the productivity of these crops in Kenya. Probit estimation results showed that seed sources, household income, total farmed land, and seed prices were significant drivers of certified seeds adoption. On the other hand, Heckman's two-stage estimation revealed a positive effect of intercropping on the productivity of millet but a negative effect on sorghum productivity. Total area farmed was also found to positively impact yield for both cereals. Thus, the study underscores the need for increased campaigns aimed at changing the narrative that millet and sorghum are “poor man’s food”. There is also a need to formalize seed access systems to encourage access to certified seeds. In addition, extension services and other initiatives can be enhanced as mechanisms to promote efficient use of land, including appropriate intercropping approaches. Production subsidies, especially those targeting seeds, can directly support access to certified seeds, which are often constrained by the high prices, particularly in the free market system.

Small-scale traders make significant contributions to local and national economies and are essential drivers of economic growth and advancement in a range of economic contexts. Because of this sector's potential to enhance socioeconomic circumstances and advance sustainable development, both authorities and communities often have high expectations for it. However, ongoing security-related issues that jeopardise the stability and expansion of trade in Kenya prevent these goals from being fully realised. In addition to interfering with business operations, security concerns cost micro and small enterprises (MSEs) more money, which may have an effect on the welfare of households that depend on these businesses. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of security networking costs on the well-being of households associated with micro and small enterprises in Kenya. The study was grounded in three key theories: Institutional Theory, the Theory of Participation & Empowerment, and Transaction Cost Theory. The study employed a descriptive survey research design with quantitative techniques. The study focused on the top three counties in Kenya, namely: Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kiambu counties, ranked by population and urbanisation, which have witnessed significant growth of micro and small enterprises. This study adopted a positivist approach, using quantitative methods to analyse the impact of participatory security costs on household well-being. Data were collected via structured questionnaires from 398 MSE owners in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kiambu, selected through multistage sampling. Pilot tests confirmed validity/reliability (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.7, KMO > 0.5)—analysis employed regression and logit models. The study findings showed that Security networking costs significantly influence the well-being of households associated with micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. Additionally, Findings reveal significant positive effects of networking costs (B=0.210) on the well-being of households associated with micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in Kenya. Security cooperatives, gender-responsive initiatives, and tiered subsidies are among the recommendations. In order to maximise the well-being of MSE households, the study promotes context-sensitive solutions that emphasise integrated security-economic methods.

This study investigates university educators' perceptions of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of Saudi higher education, with a particular focus on their views on its integration, benefits, challenges, and policy implications. Employing a qualitative research design and semi-structured interviews with 10 faculty members from diverse disciplines, the study uses Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis framework. Five principal themes emerged: educators' familiarity with and current use of AI, perceptions of its transformative potential, integration practices and barriers, perceived benefits and challenges, and policy perspectives with future outlooks. The findings indicate a prevalent cautious optimism among faculty members, who acknowledge AI's potential to improve efficiency, creativity, and personalized learning, yet express concerns about academic integrity, overreliance, accuracy, and ethics. Participants advocated for the institutions of clear Organizational regulations, AI literacy programs, and ethical guidelines to facilitate responsible adoption. This study provides context-specific insights into how educators navigate emerging technologies within policy-restricted environments and offers practical implications for AI integration in higher education.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of communication as an inclusivity strategy for achieving Beta and Vision 2030. The objectives were to assess the level of awareness of the Beta and Vision 2030 agendas, to analyse the uptake of the Beta and Vision 2030 strategies among Kenyan Citizens, and to propose better communication modalities that can enhance and bring on board citizen participation. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was adopted for this study. An online questionnaire was used to collect data through a selected sample of respondents. In total, 200 respondents participated in the survey. Quantitative aspects of the data were analysed using SPSS, while qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that while communication efforts have achieved broad awareness of Vision 2030 and, to a lesser extent, the BETA initiative, they fall short in deepening public understanding and fostering a sense of inclusive participation. While communication has raised awareness, it has not translated into widespread access, participation, or engagement with the BETA and Vision 2030 strategies. Citizen participation in BETA and Vision 2030 remains constrained by several communication barriers, including inadequate outreach, mistrust, low literacy, and limited access to inclusive platforms. The findings emphasise that achieving Beta and Vision 2030 requires a communication framework that is inclusive, adaptable, and responsive to the needs of all individuals, ultimately leading to sustainable and equitable development.

Indigenous murals are works of art and expressions of indigenous people's creativity and identity, and they require cultural sustainability. These murals have been subjected to negligence, abandonment, adverse weather conditions, and new building construction, transforming indigenous space into a modern city. Today, there are numerous indigenous murals depicting socio-religious activities in Ikorodu. Therefore, this study examines indigenous mural art in Ikorodu, with the view to preserving its glorious past and inspiring a sustainable future for the art. It classifies and analyses indigenous murals in line with their forms, iconography, and functionality. The study contributes to the emerging field of art studies in Ikorodu and its environs.