In this study it was aimed to investigate effects of ozone treatment during incubation of broiler eggs as an alternative application for fumigation. A total of 240 eggs from 45-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder flocks were utilized. The eggs were weighed and randomly assigned to two groups: one without ozone and one with ozone. A commercial ozone generator was placed in the incubator, with ozone gas generated for 1 minute every hour to provide ozone gas at a concentration of 0.050 ppm. Throughout the 18-day incubation phase, ozone gas was applied in three-day cycles. On the 18th day of incubation, six randomly selected eggs from each experimental group were placed in sterile bags to assess the microbial load of the eggshell. Furthermore, six eggs were randomly selected from each experimental group to assess embryo growth. The total aerobic bacteria and Coliform sp. count were found higher in control than ozone group (P < 0.01). The yeast mold count, egg weight, embryo weight and embryo yolk sac weight were found to be similar between the groups (P > 0.05). It can be determined that using ozone instead of fumigation during incubation in broiler chicken eggs reduces eggshell total aerobic bacteria and coliform counts, but not affected to embryo traits such as weight, yolk sac weight and length.

The aim of this study is to ascertain the impact of dark and two distinct monochromatic lighting applications during incubation on the hatching characteristics of Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) eggs, as well as certain open field test characteristics following hatching. A total of 300 hatching eggs collected three consecutive days from partridges that mated by chance and were not subjected to selection were used in the study. All eggs were placed equally in same incubators and applied dark, blue, and green illumination. The highest hatchability of fertile eggs and hatchability of total eggs were found to be 89.7% and 87.9% in the blue group (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of having roosters on egg production in free-range system on egg production, egg quality and fear level. In the study, 2 groups (without and with rooster) and each group consisted of 4 replications. The first group will be kept with roosters together with hens and the other group will be kept only with hens. In the research, 15 hens will be kept in each subgroup and 1 rooster will be kept in each replicate in the group with rooster. Egg production, broken-cracked egg ratio, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency and livability were determined as egg performance characteristics. Shell strength, Haugh unit and shell thickness were determined as egg quality. Tonic immobility was determined as fear level. The presence of roosters in the free-range flock did not significantly affect egg production, the ratio of broken-cracked eggs, egg weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, livability, eggshell strength, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, or tonic immobility (P>0.05). Consequently, the presence or absence of roosters in a free-range system did not have a significant effect on performance, egg quality, or tonic immobility.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different plant extract supplementation into drinking water egg laying performance and egg quality parameters in second production cycle under commercial conditions. A total of 16657 Nick Brown laying hens in a second production cycle, kept in free-range system, used in the experiment between 75-83 weeks of age. The experimental groups were consisted of three treatment: CONT - control group (no supplementation), PEXT1 - combination of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplementation, PEXT2 – combination of cinnamon (Cinnamomum venum) + echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) + turmeric (Curcuma longa) supplementation as liquid form into drinking water. The supplementation was performed twice on weekly basis with an amount of 1 l / ton drinking water. The mean value of hen-housed and hen-day egg production, and egg weight were interestingly increased in the control group, than the PEXT1 and PEXT2 groups. However, a more efficient of FCR was found for the PEXT2 group. The breaking strength was found to be the highest in the eggs of PEXT1, whereas a higher value for shell thickness was observed in PEXT1 and PEXT2 groups. Egg yolk had a darker tone in the PEXT1 and PEXT2 groups. According to the results of the present study, it could be concluded that using a combination of cinnamon, echinacea and turmeric could improve feed efficiency. Furthermore, supplementation of plant extracts enhanced the egg quality, namely shell strength and yolk color, during the second cycle of egg production.

In this research, the general structure of the enterprises that produce eggs in the free range system in Ordu province was determined from face-to-face surveys with 54 producers. It has been determined that 68.5% of the enterprises producing eggs in the free range system are located in the field under hazelnut, and 42.6% prefer to use concrete materials in the construction of the poultry house. It has been stated that 50% of the enterprises provide ventilation in the hen house with fans, 44.4% use nipple type drinkers and 42.6% prefer thick sawdust as litter material. In addition, 61.1% of enterprises do not use workers. The egg yield was more than 81% in 26.9% of the enterprises. Moreover, the average feed consumption per chicken in 42.5% of the enterprises was between 100-120g. According to the statements, 72.2% of the producers were not members of the "Egg Producers Association" and 81.5% of the producers pointed out that they did not meet the expectations of the “Egg Producers Association”. At the same time, 70.4% of the producers told that the Covid-19 epidemic affected the egg sales prices, and 50% of the producers affected by the epidemic stated that they were negatively affected.

In poultry, which has an important place in meeting the need for healthy animal protein, the production of ration substance compositions with alternative sources is one of the popular topics of the last period. Nanoparticles produced by nanotechnology of various minerals added to poultry diets are increasingly being used as feed additives that can reduce feed costs, reduce the risk of environmental waste, replace antibiotics and do not pose residue risk in animal products, both in terms of supporting growth and development and strengthening the immune system. The aim of this study was to bring together the studies on the effects of using nanoparticles as feed additives on growth, development performance and immune system in poultry

In this study, it was aimed to determine general structure of the enterprises engaged in organic system egg production in Ordu province. For this purpose, the data obtained from face-to-face surveys with 47 breeders who produce eggs in organic system in Ordu province were used in this study. In the study, 68.1% of organic system poultry breeders are older than 41 years and 46.8% of all breeders are farmers by occupation. It was determined that 83% of the egg production enterprises were established in the under-hazelnut land and 55.3% of them used sandwich panels in poultry house construction. 85.1% of the enterprises provided ventilation in the poultry house with a fan, 68.1% used individual nest boxes, 93.6% used nipple type drinkers and 83% preferred paddy husk as litter material. The number of hens was 750 or more in 68.1% of the enterprises and Lohman Brown breed hens were used in 97.9% of the enterprises. 51.1% of the enterprises had 6 or more hens per square meter (m2) in the roaming area and 48.9% had 4 hens per square meter (m²) in the indoor area. At the same time egg yield was higher than 81% in 70.2% of the enterprises.

This study was aimed to explore how the consumption of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) affects blood parameters of broilers. Total 120 chickens were divided into three groups including 4 subgroups in each with free access to food and water for 42 days. The control group received no additional treatment, while the second and third groups were fed diets containing 5% or 10% HFCS, respectively. On the last day, broilers were euthanized, and 5 mL blood samples were collected for hematological analyses. Results indicated no significant differences in red blood cell (RBC) or hemoglobin (HGB) levels between the control and 5% or 10% HFCS- treated groups. However, 10% HFCS treatment significantly increased packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), while 5%-HFCS increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared to the control group. Total leukocyte counts (TLC) and monocyte values remained unaffected by HFCS treatments. Notably, 5% HFCS treatment increased basophil, heterophil, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio while decreasing lymphocyte. Conversely, 10% HFCS treatment reduced eosinophil and heterophil, increasing lymphocyte counts. In conclusion, our study suggests that dietary fructose intake can modify certain hematological parameters, potentially serving as early indicators of future systemic or metabolic issues.

This study was aimed to investigate the behavioural differences of ostrich (Struthio camelus) breeders reared under environmental enrichment with natural vegetation in farm conditions. The effect of enriched environment with vegetation on eating, drinking, foraging, pecking, defecation, walking, running, alert, standing, sitting, sleeping, dust bathing, preening, head shake, thermoregulation, kantel, mating, laying, threat and fight behaviours of ostriches were found similar (P > 0.05). The ratio of boom, courtship and displace behaviours were found higher in enriched than in gravel floor (P=0.050; P=0.028 and P=0.001). The foraging, dust bathing, boom, laying and displace behaviours of ostriches were affected by gender (P=0.029, P=0.040, P=0.050, P=0.025 and P=0.001). The eating, foraging, standing, sitting, dust bathing and laying behaviours of ostriches were affected by time of day (P=0.010, P=0.023, P=0.049, P=0.026, P=0.018 and P=0.009). There was a significant interaction of enriched environment and gender effect on eating, standing, boom and displace behaviours of ostriches (P=0.047, P=0.031, P=0.050 and P=0.001). The pecking and standing behaviours of ostriches were affected by enriched environment and time of day interaction (P=0.027 and P=0.023). As a conclusion, enriched environment with natural vegetation in paddock only affected ostriches’ courtship behaviours, also affected male and female eating and standing behaviours differently.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of strain and cage type on the welfare of laying hens in commercial flocks over different seasons. A 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of strain (white and brown layers) and cage type (conventional and enrichable battery cages) on the welfare of laying hens over three seasons (winter, spring and summer). The Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocol for Poultry was used to assess the welfare of laying hens. The strain and cage type significantly affected the welfare of the laying hens, which varied according to the season. Hens from the brown strain exhibited higher occurrences of FPD, keel bone abnormalities, and feather loss on the head and neck. White strains displayed a greater percentage of hens with abnormalities in the toe, comb, and beak, along with pecking wounds on the comb and extensive feather loss on the back, rump, and belly. A higher prevalence of comb abnormalities was observed in conventional cages. Hens in enrichable cages had higher rates of FPD, toe, comb and beak abnormalities, as well as pecking wounds on the comb and extensive feather loss. As a result, it was concluded that enrichable cages have a more adverse impact on the welfare of laying hens, with welfare losses in enrichable cages being more pronounced in brown hens compared to white hens and with interactions between strain and cage type varying seasonally.