To clarify antibiotic use by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in mandibular fracture patients and evaluate practices based on scientific evidence. We assessed antibiotic use in simple symphysis and angle mandibular fractures among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the Nordic countries through an e-survey. In addition, we performed a literature review of antibiotic administration in mandibular fracture surgery. A total of 41 oral and maxillofacial surgeons who treat mandibular fractures responded to the questionnaire. Timing and duration of antibiotic use varied. The duration of postoperative antibiotic treatment ranged from 1 to 7 days (mean 5.6 days). Respondents' practices were not in concordance with scientific evidence. According to previous studies, restricting antibiotic exposure to a maximum of 24 hours postoperatively was not related to a higher risk of surgical site infections. No articles described a benefit of prolonged postoperative antibiotic therapy. Antibiotic use in connection with mandibular fracture treatment varied in the Nordic countries and antibiotic practices are not in concordance with the current literature. Restricting antibiotic exposure to a maximum of 24 hours postoperatively should be considered. Clear guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis as part of the surgical management of mandibular fractures are required.

Reconstruction of the helical upper-third is often technically demanding, especially when the defect is huge and the ear is severely deformed. The aim of this short communication was to present an alternative technique to rebuild this difficult task, using a modification of the Bardach's three-legged rotation flap for scalp closure. To achieve the flap design, we raised the retro- and supraauricular tissue with the Dieffenbach's postauricular advancement fl ap. The Gillies' V-Y advancement fl ap helped to develop the preauricular fl ap, and the Mustardé's otoplastik technique was used to reduce the gap between the resected ear cartilage and the temple. This flap technique appears simple and quick; thereby, it can be used as a single-staged reconstruction alternative in aging patients with multiple comorbidities.

To systematically review the current literature and determine whether the additional TPTD administration for patients with BRONJ is an effective treatment modality. The systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42021242796) and conducted according to the PRISMA statement. An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, The Cochrane Library and LILACS databases using a combination of the keywords "Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw"[Mesh], "treatment" to identify studies published from 2010. The authors found 8 articles that met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. According to two studies, TPTD was statistically significantly associated with a greater BRONJ lesion resolution, compared to control group (p<0.05). However, one article showed no significant difference in proportion of resolved lesions (p=0.478). Regarding the effectiveness of TPTD treatment according to administration frequency, daily injection group showed no significant changes in the clinical stage of BRONJ, no difference in the percentage of bone formation on patients osteolysis, compared to weekly injections. Concerning bone resorption/regeneration markers, all the included studies showed that bone resorption markers significantly increased after 3-month TPTD administration. In a study which used multivariate analysis between TPTD and non-TPTD groups using age, BMI, duration of BP usage, the difference in s-OC values after 3 months of the treatment was significant (p<0.05). This review provides evidence for the potential benefits of additional TPTD administration for patients with BRONJ being an effective treatment modality.

This study investigated whether the self-implemented preventive measures practiced among the 6 and 12 years olds in Riga, Latvia can control the caries increment due to poor dietary habits among this age groups. Caries examination was performed on Thirty-eight 6 and thirty-nine 12 years olds by visual and bitewing radiographic examination at baseline and after 3 years. All participants and/or their parents completed dietary habits questionnaires. The data was analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA and frequency tables, Wilcoxon and Fisher's tests (α=0.05). The mean (SD) values of caries experience at baseline/3-year period in 6- vs.12-year olds were as follows. DMFS: 0.72 (1.02)/3.13 (3.13) (p=0.0000) vs. 6.79 (5.14)/14.79 (9.86) (p=0.0000); dmfs: 11.26(8.71)/7.74 (4.86) (p=0.078) vs. 3.57 (2.03)/1.5 (0.71) (p=0.317). The statistical significance was reported only for the consumption of soft drinks (p=0.032) and sugared tea (p=0.018) for the 6 years olds, and for sugared tea (p=0.017) and number of teaspoons of sugar added to tea (p=0.0095) for the 12-years olds. There was positive caries increment in all the 6 and 12 years olds that reported significant increase in consumption of soft drinks and sugared tea, and increase daily number of teaspoons of sugar used in tea. The present study demonstrated high cariogenic diet among the children in Riga, which is associated with increased caries experience that the currently practiced self-implemented oral hygiene measures was not capable of controlling.

It is not clear if complete removable dentures made during a CAD/CAM process can equate or surpass dentures created during the conventional process in regards of their mechanical properties. To compare mechanical properties of complete removable dentures made from polymethylmethacrilate (PMMA) during a process of CAD/CAM, which are used to help edentulous adult patients, with analogical dentures created from PMMA during the conventional process. Data search was conducted regarding PRISMA criteria. According to chosen keywords, scientific articles, published from 2017 to 2022, were sampled from electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Cohrane Library. Article search focused on studies that discussed mechanic properties of traditional and CAD/CAM complete removable dentures made from PMMA. The properties are: microhardness, nano hardness, the roughness of the surface, flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, flexural bond strength, mechanical compliance of the contact between the inner surface of the denture and the denture socket mucosa - adaptation of the prosthesis to the denture bearing, hydrophobicity, water sorption and solubility, dimensional stability, elasticity. Discussed measurements from the scientific studies, which are included into the systematic literature analysis, are assessed according to a synthesis method used for such data. The hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hydrophobicity of the conventional PMMA plastic blank, made during a process of CAD/CAM, were bigger and dimensional stability - better. Meanwhile, the roughness of the surface, fracture toughness, flexural bond strength, and elasticity of the blank were bigger than the ones made during the conventional process. Water sorption and solubility statistically did not differ among differently processed plastic polymethylmethacrilate blanks. Only one study was carried out in vivo, in which complete removable denture bases made from CAD/CAM prepolymerized PMMA plastic also showed better adaptation to the denture bearing tissue than those made by conventional polymerization. The final plastic product from the pre-polymerized PMMA and the processed CAD / CAM is superior in many mechanical properties to the final plastic product made during the conventional PMMA polymerization process.

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic endocrine disease affecting over 6% of the world population. Sustained hyperglycaemia plays a role in inhibited healing and chronic inflammation which can lead to complications after root canal treatment, such as delayed healing of apical periodontitis. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and The Cochrane library were used to perform the search. The search was carried out between November 15 and November 30 in the year 2021. To evaluate the relationship between apical periodontitis and root canal treatment in patients with type II diabetes. Primary database search yielded 313 results. After checking the content and relevance of the articles, 4 articles were used with a total of 15810 patients. Out of 4 studies, 3 concluded that apical periodontitis after root canal treatment was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with T2DM than in control groups. However, the results from another study showed that there is no significant correlation between T2DM and post-treatment apical periodontitis (p>0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between T2DM patients and the occurrence of apical periodontitis in most studies.

Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon histopathologic variant of Squamous Cell Carcinoma which occurs in the sun-exposed skin and rarely in the oral cavity. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined ASCC as a unique entity, its occurrence in the oral cavity has been just about 60 cases in the literature. There have been cases reported in the lips, tongue, gingiva and maxillary alveolus but rarely in the mandible. Definitive diagnosis and treatment of such a rare condition is challenging as there are not much available data in the literature. We report a rare case of Acantholytic Squamous cell carcinoma with pathologic fracture of the mandible which was managed aptly considering its hostile clinical, radiological and histological presentation. The reconstruction was done using a vascularised free fibula graft which helped in achieving a functional and aesthetic rehabilitation for the patient thereby improving his quality of life.

The aim of this systematic literature review is to analyze the literature about the prevalence of peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis in patients with periodontal diseases and compare their prevalence in pristine and augmented sites. A systematic literature review was performed of clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, comparative studies, and clinical studies. In the studies, patients who have periodontal diseases and need a dental implant with or without bone grafts were selected. Records about peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis, implant survival and success rates were extracted. 19 studies with 3049 patients were selected. X had a periodontal disease. After analysis, peri-implant mucositis was more prevalent in augmented sites (19% - 74.0% on patient level, 10.2% - 62,5% on implant level). Prevalence of peri-implantitis was not apparent because of missing data and heterogeneity of records. Implant survival and success rates were lower in augmented sites. When alveolar ridge augmentation is needed for dental implant in patients with periodontal diseases, dentists must evaluate the risk of long term biological complications.

The aim of this article is to analyze the latest scientific literature and focus on the development of second-generation platelet concentrates: platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF), their fabrication procedure and capability in periodontal surgery. Scientific articles published in English were selected from PubMed and Cochrane Library databases according to selected keywords. Duplicate and off-topic articles were excluded from further analysis. PRF and CGF can be considered beneficial biomaterials because they are reported to have favorable biological effects, are low in cost and easier to prepare compared to first generation platelet concentrates and do not cause side effects. Although PRF and CGF demonstrate promising results in the regeneration of intrabony defects, further research is needed. Same as with furcation defect therapy - more evidence of use of PRF or CGF is necessary. In gingival recession treatment PRF or CGF is not yet suggested as first option for treatment as connective tissue graft is still preferable.

Relevance of the problem and the aim: A variety of surgical treatment modalities are analyzed to treat medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, using different adjuvant therapies (fluorescence-guided surgery, autologous platelet concentrates) and thus to improve bone and mucosa healing in the postoperative period and reduce the risk of recurrence of osteonecrosis. The purpose of the present systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of different surgical treatments for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (with applications of autologous platelet concentrates, fluorescence guidance, or without adjuvant measures). The protocol for the systematic review was prepared according to the PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines for systematic reviews. Electronic databases used: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library. The review includes articles investigating surgical treatment methods for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Twelve scientific articles were included in the review. The studies evaluated the efficacy of autologous platelet concentrates, fluorescence-guided surgery, or standard surgical treatment techniques without adjuvant therapies. The efficiency of curettage, sequestrectomy, and the use of autologous platelet concentrates have been found to range from 80% to 96.7%. The efficiency of fluorescence-guided surgery varied from 83.3% to 94.4%. The highest efficiency range of treatment results was determined by evaluating the surgical treatment without adjuvant therapies, which can reach from 22.22% to 93.2%. The best and most stable results in the surgical treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw are achieved by the application of autologous platelet concentrates after surgical removal of necrotic bone or fluorescence-guided surgery.