Socioeconomic challenges necessitate accurate trend prediction and in-depth analysis of their implications. This study applies Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling to examine recent reports from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to uncover Algeria’s most pressing socioeconomic issues. By employing R software, structured data were extracted from unstructured textual content, utilizing Word Cloud visualization, “beta” frequencies for topic construction, and “gamma” proportions for topic relevance. The analysis identified key terms such as “fiscal,” “hydrocarbon,” “GDP,” “debt,” and “budget,” indicating considerable thematic overlaps between the two institutions, despite nuanced differences in focus. Both organizations emphasize concerns related to fiscal sustainability and Algeria’s continued reliance on hydrocarbons, highlighting the country’s persistent macroeconomic vulnerabilities and the need for diversified economic strategies. Additionally, this research introduces an innovative conceptual network that graphically maps thematic interconnections, providing insights into the structural composition of institutional discourse. This approach facilitates a comparative assessment of economic narratives, helping policymakers discern areas of convergence and divergence between institutional perspectives. The study underscores the effectiveness of structured text-mining methodologies in analyzing economic discourse and institutional viewpoints, demonstrating their value in capturing complex economic themes. By systematically identifying thematic coherence, this research contributes to economic policy formulation and financial stability in resource-dependent economies. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and analysts, enhancing strategic decision-making through empirical evidence. This study highlights the role of data-driven analysis in addressing macroeconomic vulnerabilities and fostering sustainable economic development.

This study examines the distribution, mean incomes, and income inequality of Kindergarten to Secondary (K-12) teachers across six Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in Tennessee – Chattanooga, Clarksville, Johnson City, Knoxville, Memphis, and Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin – utilizing data from the 2023 American Community Survey. The research provides a nuanced analysis of teacher compensation and disparities by employing a comprehensive set of inequality measures, including percentile ratios, Generalized Entropy indices, Gini Coefficients, and Atkinson’s Measures. The study explores how regional economic conditions, school funding mechanisms, and labor market dynamics shape teacher incomes, addressing critical socioeconomic challenges that impact educational equity and workforce sustainability. The analysis reveals significant variations in teacher workforce concentration and compensation across urban and semi-urban MSAs, highlighting the influence of local resources and cost-of-living differences. Income inequality among teachers, while moderate, underscores persistent disparities, particularly among lower earners, which exacerbate socioeconomic challenges in underserved regions. These findings have profound policy implications, emphasizing the need for equitable funding models, targeted incentives, and reforms to address regional disparities and enhance teacher retention. By focusing on Tennessee’s diverse MSAs, the study offers a regional perspective on teacher labor markets, contributing to global discussions on educational policy and social equity. The research underscores the urgency of addressing socioeconomic challenges in teacher compensation to ensure a high-quality, sustainable educational workforce, providing a foundation for future studies in diverse economic contexts.

This study, employing the descriptive-analytical approach and the case study method, aimed to examine the impact of entrepreneurial project financing on economic growth in a sample of OECD countries from 2007 to 2022, considering the challenges entrepreneurs face in obtaining the necessary financial resources. The explanatory variable, entrepreneurial project financing, was represented by three key indicators: the outstanding business loans index, the government loan guarantees index, and the venture capital index, while economic growth, as the dependent variable, was measured using the absolute GDP index. By utilizing panel data analysis and EViews 13, the study found a positive relationship between entrepreneurial project financing indicators and real GDP in the examined countries during the period (2007–2022). Specifically, every additional one million USD obtained by entrepreneurs through outstanding business loans, government loan guarantees, and venture capital investments led to an increase in real GDP by 0.096443, 0.019214, and 0.035446 million USD, respectively. This positive effect highlights the efficiency of financial and banking institutions in facilitating access to funding, supporting capital accumulation, and fostering innovation. The availability of financial resources has enabled entrepreneurs to introduce new products and services, stimulating aggregate demand and contributing to sustained economic growth. The study underscores the crucial role of entrepreneurial financing in driving economic development and suggests that enhancing entrepreneurs’ financial accessibility can further strengthen their economic performance. Therefore, policymakers should focus on improving financial infrastructure and expanding funding opportunities to maximize the economic benefits of entrepreneurial activities.

For Ukraine, which has historically been a hub of scientific and technological expertise, the paradigm of the knowledge economy has been a cornerstone of national advancement. However, the full-scale Russian invasion of 2022 has significantly disrupted the country’s development, posing severe challenges to education, research, and technological innovation. In particular, the war has led to the destruction of critical infrastructure, the displacement of skilled professionals, and a decline in government funding for scientific institutions. The educational sector, already grappling with pre-existing structural issues such as underfunding, has been further weakened by the conflict, resulting in declining global rankings and significant changes in student and researcher demographics. Universities and research institutions have had to rapidly adapt to new realities, with many shifting to online education, forming international collaborations, and securing external funding to sustain operations. The present article analyzes the key aspects of the functioning of the knowledge economy and education as its component in Ukraine under the conditions of ongoing military actions. Using data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the World Bank, and Scopus, we analyze shifts in the funding structure of research projects. Special attention is given to demographic changes in higher education; employing a Bayesian binomial model with a beta prior, we quantify shifts in gender composition among university students and perform the evaluation of the statistical significance of the changes. In addition, the strategies employed by Ukrainian companies and educational institutions to adapt to the new conditions are analyzed. Particular emphasis is given to government and private initiatives supporting key sectors of the knowledge economy, as well as their importance for the recovery of Ukraine’s economy after the war. The article explores the prospects for the post-war recovery of the country’s scientific and innovative potential, emphasizing the need for investments in education, science, and the development of technological infrastructure. Possible development scenarios are presented, including the creation of innovative clusters and the active use of international experience to accelerate recovery and enhance Ukraine’s competitiveness in the global knowledge economy.

This study examines the impact of digital service quality as a mediating variable between digitalization and sustainable competitive advantage since it is an important socio-economic challenge. There is a positive statistically significant relationship between digitalization, digital service quality, and sustainable competitive advantage at the telecommunication sector in Egypt. Data were collected from telecommunication workers in Egypt during 2024. Participants consisted of 300 employees who completed a questionnaire that assessed digitalization, digital service quality and sustainable competitive advantage dimensions. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of digitization (such as strategic planning, preparing leaders, institutional structure, and attracting skills) and digital service quality and sustainable competitive advantage. This research provides an explicit recommendation for the digitalization of all organizational elements. The findings contribute to a better understanding mechanism of the influence of digitalization on digital quality and competitive advantage. The paper contributes to better understanding the dimensions of digitalization, digital service quality and sustainable competitive advantage. The use of digitalization as an independent variable, digital service quality as mediating variable, and sustainable competitive advantage as dependent variable has not been explored in one study in Egypt. In this study, a model has been built to analyze the relationship between digitalization, digital service quality and sustainable competitive advantage. Studying digitalization is crucial for businesses to gain a competitive advantage in today’s digital landscape. As companies increasingly rely on digital technologies to deliver services, the level and usage of digital service Quality has become a key differentiator. By understanding how to design, deliver, and improve digital services, businesses can enhance customer experience, build trust, and establish a loyal customer base. This, in turn, can lead to increased customer retention, revenue growth, and ultimately, a sustainable competitive advantage. In a digitalized market, companies that prioritize the quality of their services are better equipped to adapt to changing customer needs, technological advancements, and shifting market conditions. By focusing on modern technologies to enhance service, businesses can identify areas for innovation, improve operational efficiency, and develop new revenue streams. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that companies which excel in digital service delivery can differentiate themselves from competitors, attract and retain top talent, and foster a culture of innovation and continuous improvement. By studying digitalization and prioritizing service quality, today’s businesses can unlock new opportunities for innovation and sustainability, while gaining a competitive advantage that drives long-term success.

The present study examines the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth. The study utilised indicators of the number of new limited liability companies and the new business density rate to represent entrepreneurship, exported technology, and creative goods and services to measure innovation, and per capita gross income to measure economic growth. The study period was from 2011 to 2022, and the data was collected from six countries that lead the global economy: Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, India, Japan, and Italy. The static and dynamic data method was employed, ensuring that the model residuals are normally distributed. The impact of entrepreneurship and innovation indicators differed between the static and dynamic models. In the static model, there was a significant impact on per capita gross income, particularly regarding the number of new limited liability companies, which exhibited a positive and robust relationship compared to the density of new businesses, which exerted a strong but negative influence. Concurrently, the high-technology export index positively and substantially impacted per capita gross income. Conversely, in the dynamic model, the long-term increase in the number of limited liability companies exerted a negative influence on per capita gross income. Nonetheless, an augmentation in the density of nascent enterprises exerted a favourable influence on the economic growth index. Concurrently, the exportation of high technology per capita gross income whilst the index of creative goods and services exerted an influence only in the short run.

This paper explores the socioeconomic turmoil during the COVID-19 crisis of 2020-2021, which had a profound global impact. It examines firms’ mechanisms to safeguard themselves from risks in such challenging circumstances. Specifically, the paper investigates whether offering higher compensation to CEOs compared to other top executives or average employees can help firms protect or enhance their profitability during these uncertain times. CEO pay balance is defined as CEO pay relative to a company president’s, average vice president’s, top vice president’s, or average employees’ pay. The study focuses on the top 10 most valuable firms on the NASDAQ, covering 2017-2022. For firm performance, the paper focuses on the profitability of each firm. For profitability, three measures are used. These are Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Profit Margin. Regression analysis is performed to explain each firm’s performance using the CEO pay balance and four control variables: size, growth, leverage, and previous profitability value. The results show that none of the four CEO pay balance measures significantly explain the return on equity, assets, or profit margin. The findings suggest that increasing CEO pay relative to the average employee, a firm’s president, or the VPs does not translate into improved profitability for these firms. This study does not support the view that paying more to CEOs relative to the company president, the other top executives, or the average employee increases firms’ profitability.

The gender pay gap remains a persistent socioeconomic challenge that limits economic growth and social equity, despite ongoing policy and corporate interventions. This study aims to analyze the key determinants of gender-based wage disparities, examining the historical evolution, theoretical explanations, and the role of institutional, policy, and corporate frameworks in shaping wage inequalities. The research focuses on occupational segregation, discrimination, labor market structures, and intersectional disparities to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms sustaining wage differences between men and women. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study synthesizes existing literature and empirical findings to highlight the effectiveness of policy measures such as wage transparency laws, affirmative action, and corporate diversity initiatives. The research findings emphasize that wage disparities are reinforced by structural and systemic barriers, including biases in hiring, promotions, and compensation practices. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of integrating gender equity principles into economic policies and corporate governance to foster inclusive labor markets. The practical significance of this research extends to policymakers, business leaders, and researchers who seek to develop evidence-based strategies for reducing wage inequality. The study concludes that a combination of legislative enforcement, organizational reforms, and cultural shifts is necessary to close the gender pay gap. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies that examine the long-term impact of policy interventions and assess the evolving dynamics of gendered labor market trends. The findings contribute to ongoing academic discourse and provide actionable insights for improving gender pay equity in diverse economic contexts.

The telecommunications industry faces significant socioeconomic challenges that impede competitiveness and operational excellence. Industry 4.0 and Lean Six Sigma offer solutions to these challenges through process automation, data-driven decision-making, and continuous improvement. From October 2023 to October 2024, semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 12 employees from Egyptian telecommunications companies. Respondents, each with 10 to 20 years of experience, were drawn from quality departments (4), business processes (4), and information technology (4). The Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to identify and prioritize critical success factors. The interviews were about four things: the respondents’ experience and thoughts on putting Lean Six Sigma into practice in telecommunications; comparing five key success factors for Industry 4.0 and seven key success factors for Lean Six Sigma; and having a free-flowing conversation about problems that came up and what was learned from them. I’m currently working on Operations Management System projects. The study identified strong management commitment (51.0%) as the most significant factor. Critical factor for Industry 4.0 and Lean Six Sigma integration, followed by training programs (24.5%) and new information technologies (12.8%). For Lean Six Sigma alone, top management commitment was ranked highest (39.7%), with training programs (30.1%) and understanding Lean Six Sigma tools (13.1%) following. These findings provide a framework for integrating Industry 4.0 and Lean Six Sigma in telecommunications. These ideas help organizations in developing countries like Egypt develop dynamic management plans that align with operational excellence and continuous improvement. It will make processes run more smoothly and make better use of resources.

Domestic savings ensure economic stability, facilitate investment, and promote long-term growth. In oil-rich developing countries, however, socioeconomic challenges, such as the financial burden of high dependency ratios, inflation, income inequality, and gaps in financial inclusion, significantly impact savings behavior, potentially obstructing sustainable development. Thus, understanding the determinants of savings is essential for addressing these challenges and fostering financial security. This study investigates the key factors influencing domestic savings in Saudi Arabia, focusing on GDP per capita, fiscal balance, financial development, inflation, and dependency ratios. Saudi Arabia was chosen due to its distinctive economic structure, oil reliance, and ongoing diversification efforts under Vision 2030. Covering the period from 1975 to 2020, the research analyzes the effects of major economic reforms on savings behavior. Utilizing secondary data from the World Bank, the study employs the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to assess both short- and long-term relationships. The findings reveal that GDP per capita, fiscal balance, and financial development positively influence savings, underscoring the significance of economic growth and financial stability in alleviating socioeconomic disparities. Conversely, inflation and dependency ratios negatively impact savings, illustrating how increasing living costs and demographic burdens diminish household savings capacity. These results carry important policy implications. Expanding financial inclusion, stabilizing inflation, and addressing demographic challenges through education, labor market reforms, and social security programs can enhance savings rates and bolster economic resilience. Financial institutions can leverage these insights to create tailored savings products that promote wealth accumulation among lower-income groups. This research offers a framework for reducing income inequality, strengthening financial security, and supporting sustainable economic development in Saudi Arabia and other emerging economies facing similar challenges.