ABSTRACT Aim This study aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of retinoblastoma treatment, assessing publication trends, influential research, and leading contributors. Methods The research was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing on retinoblastoma treatment from January 1, 1941, to June 13, 2024. Bibliometric analysis were conducted using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrics R package. Results The analysis identified 5,674 documents. The United States led in research output and citation impact, followed by China and Europe. The University of Toronto was the most prolific institution (488 articles). International collaborations accounted for 18.54% of publications. David H. Abramson was the most prolific author (139 articles), followed closely by C.L. Shields (100 articles). Keyword analysis revealed three major thematic clusters: (1) molecular mechanisms and oncogenesis, (2) cell cycle regulation and experimental models, and (3) clinical management and therapeutic strategies. Recent hotspots included intraarterial chemotherapy, melphalan, treatment resistance, risk stratification, and tumor biology. Retinoblastoma research centers on molecular mechanisms, cell cycle regulation, and clinical management. Conclusion Advances in intraarterial chemotherapy, risk assessment, and molecular insights are improving survival and quality of life. Greater emphasis on real-world, multicenter, and international studies is needed to advance personalized care.

ABSTRACT Purpose To report a case series of recurrent dacryocystitis following long-term lacrimal duct intubation, and to clarify the side effects of long-term lacrimal duct intubation. Methods This study retrospectively evaluated 24 adults (27 eyes) who presented to our center between September 2019 and December 2024 with recurrent dacryocystitis following probing and subsequent stent intubation. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, duration of intubation, stent-related complications, computer tomography image, management strategies, and prognosis. Systematically reviewed randomized controlled trial articles on lacrimal duct intubation. Results Several stent-related complications were identified, including: punctal granuloma (11.1%, 3/27), stent fracture (11.1%, 3/27; all three fractured stents were plastic type, with fragments adherent to granulation tissue.), punctal laceration with recurrent extrusion (3.7%, 1/27; gold stent), soft tissue false passages (47.4%, 9/19), and bony false passages (7.4%, 2/27; cases with traumatic lacrimal obstruction). Among patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy, functional success was 81.48% (22/27) and anatomical success was 85.19% (23/27). Denominators vary across outcomes due to incomplete data availability for specific variables in the study cohort. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of standardized operative techniques and appropriate duration of intubation to prevent complications associated with lacrimal stenting.

ABSTRACT Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a major cause of vision impairment among older adults globally. While treatment exists for the more aggressive, exudative form, options for managing nonexudative AMD are limited. One of the few interventions with scientific backing is the AREDS2 micronutrient formula, which has demonstrated an ability to slow disease progression in patients with intermediate AMD. This investigation set out to systematically assess over-the-counter supplements in the UK that are promoted for macular support, measuring how closely their contents align with the evidence-based AREDS2 formulation. Methods Products marketed as beneficial for AMD were collected and analyzed. Their labeled ingredients and dosages were directly compared with the standardized nutrient profile outlined in the AREDS2 clinical trials. Results The analysis revealed that most commercially available supplements deviated markedly from the AREDS2 formula. On average, vitamin C levels were 52.3% lower than recommended, vitamin E levels were 61.2% lower, and zinc content was reduced by 40.1%. Only a small subset of products fully matched both the composition and dosage of the reference formulation. Conclusion These findings highlight a significant gap between marketed claims and clinical evidence. Most supplements do not meet the established AREDS2 standards, potentially limiting their efficacy. Some were promoted specifically for AMD, while others used general “macular health” claims, adding to patient confusion. This inconsistency underscores the need for regulatory measures to enforce standardized labeling and formulation requirements to ensure informed clinical recommendations.

ABSTRACT Purpose Assess and compare the efficacy of cyclosporine and lifitegrast in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and with or without autoimmune disease. Methods 430 DED patients from 2018 to 2023 in Wilmer Institute who did or did not receive cyclosporine and/or lifitegrast were selected. Demographics, cataract surgery status, autoimmune comorbidities, visual acuity (VA), and punctate epithelial erosions (PEE) were assessed between treatment groups. VA was assessed using Snellen measurements converted logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) scores. PEE was measured using the integer PEE grade scale, with 0 defined as no PEE. Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test were used to compare categorical variables across groups. Kendall correlation was used to assess the overall trend of VA and PEE grades over time and to determine the number of eyes with significant improvement. Multiple regression was used to analyze the effect of various variables on VA and PEE changes. Results One hundred and sixty patients received cyclosporine, 45 received lifitegrast, 59 received both, and 166 were controls. The differences in race, age at visit, and sex were not found to be significantly different between treatment groups, as well as the number of autoimmune disease patients. Kendall correlation of logMAR scores revealed that out of 575 eyes with three or more best-corrected VA measurements, only 31 eyes saw significant vision improvement. The number of eyes with improved VA between treatment groups was not significantly different. Using similar statistical methods, the number of eyes with lowered PEE grades was not significantly different between groups. When analyzing changes in logMAR, multiple regression suggested that treatment with cyclosporine and both cyclosporine and lifitegrast is associated with improved visual acuity only if patients also had an autoimmune disease (cyclosporine β = 0.076, p = 3E-6; Both, β = 0.083, p = 5E-5; cyclosporine:autoimmune β = −0.072, p = .010; Both:autoimmune β = −0.181, p = 2E-6). Regression of change in PEE grades revealed that cyclosporine is similarly associated with lower grades in autoimmune patients (cyclosporine:autoimmune β = −0.520, p = 8E-12). Conclusions Cyclosporine and lifitegrast treatment does not seem to significantly improve visual acuity and PEE compared to control. However, the presence of autoimmune disease significantly modulates the efficacy of DED treatment.