This study explores the assessment of design strategies to improve energy efficiency in aviation facilities. The energy that Nigerian civil aviation sector facilities consume is substantial, with considerable implications for operational costs and environmental impact. This research investigates energy consumption patterns, evaluates the effectiveness of current design strategies and technologies, and identifies specific challenges hindering optimal energy efficiency. The study employs secondary data to study various aviation facilities. Findings reveal that while advanced building materials, passive design principles, and energy-efficient technologies have been adopted to some extent, significant variability exists in their implementation. The paper pinpointed major identifiable challenges that were not far-fetched from lack of awareness to high initial costs, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. The impact of these design strategies on indoor air quality and thermal comfort is also analyzed, highlighting improvements in occupant comfort and satisfaction in facilities with robust energy-efficient practices. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing regulatory frameworks, increasing awareness and training, promoting financial incentives, and adopting integrated design approaches. These insights aim to guide industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers in advancing energy efficiency and sustainability in aviation facilities.

This study investigates the chaotic behavior in the rotational speed of internal combustion engines. High-precision measurements of engine rotational speed were taken at discrete intervals of 0.36 degrees with time measured to a precision of 41 nanoseconds. The data was analyzed using various techniques from chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics, including Lyapunov exponent calculations, phase space reconstruction, and power spectral density analysis. Results reveal that engine rotational speed exhibits complex, chaotic behavior across different operating conditions. Lyapunov exponents ranged from -0.004 to 0.024, indicating varying degrees of chaos from near-stability to strong chaotic behavior. The strongest chaos was observed at certain idle speeds, while full gas conditions showed milder but persistent chaotic characteristics. The study demonstrates that rotational speed fluctuations in internal combustion engines go beyond simple periodic or random variations, suggesting that traditional linear models may be insufficient for accurately predicting and controlling engine behavior. These findings have significant implications for engine design, control strategies, and diagnostics. The authors provide access to the original datasets and analysis code, encouraging further research and collaboration in this field. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of engine dynamics and may lead to the development of more sophisticated, nonlinear approaches to engine analysis and optimization.

The goal of this work is to describe the current state of road freight transport from the point of view of the entrepreneur and the owner of semi-trailer tractors within the Slovak Republic. The article contains a brief description of freight transport works and points out the individual aspects of doing business in this sphere in Slovakia. In the next one, an original criterion evaluation program is created in the MS Excel application for semi-trailer tractors. In this program, an owner, a future owner, or a driver of a tractor can compare any number of tractors. Subsequently, based on the point evaluation, the program determines, which tractor in the comparison has more points and, therefore, it is more suitable for business activity. A sample comparison will be made on two tractors (Swedish and German brands) operated by a commercial transport company. The parameters of the tractors given, checked and calculated by the manufacturer are implemented in the criterion evaluation program. In the criterion evaluation, a tractor of one brand scored more points and therefore won. All knowledge, results, and conclusions found in the work are discussed with the management of a commercial transport company and its drivers. Based on the findings and results achieved, it can be concluded that the criterion evaluation program is extremely suitable for the application of any tractor, any brand, and thus the condition of the repeatability of the experiments is guaranteed. Based on these aspects, all the objectives of the work were fulfilled, and thus the result of the research is suitable as a decision-making aid for the purchase of a tractor for the future owner.

In the article, the possibilities of applying complex solutions to protect the electronic systems of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other important processes from cyber threats were considered. The current application of UAVs in various fields makes the security of their electronic systems relevant. Aerial vehicles can be subject to attacks by attackers who exploit physical, network, and software vulnerabilities in the data exchange process. The article analyzes such methods as data encryption, encoding methods, publishing fake data, and protection against Global Positioning System spoofing attacks. The proposed complex approaches are integrated into the existing systems of UAVs, allowing to increase the level of their security. Complex solutions involve the integration of a special encryption and coding block, as well as the implementation of a module for comparing coordinates and broadcasting false signals.

Dynamic numerical stress analysis of a crankshaft subjected to load at selected operational points of a diesel engine is presented in this paper. The calculations and the analyses were carried out for six values of engine rotational speed and for two temperature values of engine structural elements. At each operating point of the engine, the piston-crank system was loaded with maximal gas pressure force, and additionally, inertia forces resulting from rotational speed of the crankshaft were taken into consideration. The analysis was carried out to obtain the distribution of the stress and to indicate critical areas where concentration of the stress may occur. In addition, the analysis was extended to other operational factors, such as the determination of the natural frequency of vibrations and effects of maximal torque on torsion of the crankshaft.

Official ICAO certification for the Galileo satellite navigation system is currently being implemented for aeronautical applications. Hence, experimental studies are needed to verify the performance of Galileo for kinematic positioning of the user in aviation. The main objective of this work is to present an optimal computational strategy for determining the user's position and the accuracy parameter of Galileo positioning in civil aviation. The paper uses the least squares method and Kalman filtering to calculate the user position. The calculations were performed in two independent Galileo observation processing software, i.e., RTKLIB and Emlid Studio. Galileo navigation and observation data acquired from a DJI Matrice RTK300 unmanned platform was used in the calculations. The Galileo SPP code method algorithm was used to determine the UAV coordinates. The RTKLIB application uses a solution based on the least squares method model to determine user coordinates using the SPP method. The Emlid Studio application, respectively, is based on the Kalman filtering algorithm. On this basis, the UAV positions were determined for the two computational strategies, and the Galileo positioning accuracy was then determined in the form of position errors and RMS errors. The study shows that Emlid Studio software improves Galileo's kinematic positioning accuracy by between 15 and 65% over the results obtained from the RTKLIB solution. The flight tests carried out, the software used, and the computational strategies can be utilized for other global GNSS systems.

The aim of the research was to assess the acoustic climate along the DK7 national road in Michałowice (Kraków district, Poland). The climate assessment was carried out during the period from September to May at two measurement sites located at a distance of 11.5 and 27.0 m from the road. The scope of the study included measuring the intensity of noise, recording the number of light and heavy vehicles, measuring the temperature of as well as air and the type of precipitation. The results of noise intensity measurements showed numerous cases of exceeding the permissible equivalent noise level for single-family housing areas. The machine learning methods used showed that the noise level was influenced by air temperature, snowfall, and plant vegetation. Significantly lower values of the equivalent noise level were obtained on weekends, indicating that commercial road traffic prevailed in the analyzed road section.

Pavements require regular maintenance due to the wear and tear caused by traffic loads and environmental conditions, which lead to various surface defects. This study explores the use of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology and ArcGIS software to identify pavement defects in selected regions of Malaysia. The Jambatan Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Expressway (JSAHMSE) and the Guthrie Corridor Expressway (GCE) were chosen as test sites for evaluating this approach. Initially, point cloud data were collected from both expressways using LiDAR, and related images were processed through ArcGIS software to identify defects on the road surfaces. The analysis revealed defects such as shoving, bleeding, longitudinal cracking, potholes, and patching on the GCE, while raveling, longitudinal cracking, bleeding, and edge cracking were observed on the JSAHMSE. Simultaneously, manual visual inspections were conducted, and defects were documented. A comparison of the results from both methods showed that LiDAR and ArcGIS effectively identified the types and sizes (length and surface area) of the defects. However, ArcGIS struggled to accurately measure the depth of certain defects, making it difficult to assess their severity in detail.

Shipping is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, immediate actions must be taken in the field of sustainable development. This study focuses on exploring the use of renewable energy to mitigate emissions and enhance energy efficiency on board ships. Hence, technologies for capturing, utilizing, and storing solar, wind, and carbon energy are investigated. Further, the study weighs these approaches in terms of benefits, drawbacks, and potential application in sustainable maritime operations. To quantify the practicability of the solutions analyzed, an interdisciplinary approach intertwining feasibility analysis, simulation modeling, and policy evaluation is used. Topics discussed include technological barriers, economic barriers, and regulatory frameworks. It also highlights recent advances with great environmental potential in shipping, such as hybrid propulsion systems and fuel cell technologies. The results showed that the hybrid systems with renewable energy combined with CCUS can reduce CO₂ emissions from ships up to 90%, which, in the best case, simultaneously imparts an increased operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study therefore examined regulatory and policy options that could facilitate the transition to renewable energy in this sector, and the industrial application of these technologies is thus presented as a key stage in environmentally sustainable development.

This article presents the results of a survey with 3061 respondents conducted to investigate the propensity for risky behavior among pedestrian road users and their knowledge of the potential risks they face from passenger car drivers. The study shows that there is a correlation between gender and risk propensity (p=0.000, c=0.1245). Men are more likely to be risk-averse than women, despite their greater knowledge of the possible dangers of passenger car drivers. A similar relationship can be identified when taking into account where pedestrians live. Residents of large cities (over 150,000 inhabitants) show the highest propensity for risky behavior compared to residents of smaller towns and villages. At the same time, residents of these cities have greater knowledge than the other groups surveyed regarding the reaction of the driver and the possibility of stopping the car. In the case of the age of pedestrians, it is not possible to identify one particular age group characterized by a higher propensity for risky behavior. At the same time, for the age of pedestrians and their risky behavior, there is a significant correlation relating to the use of headphones when crossing pedestrian crossings without traffic lights (p=0.000, c=0.4810). Headphones were frequently used when crossing crosswalks by those aged 18-29 years (44.2%), while never by those aged over 65 years. The results of the study indicate the need for educational efforts among pedestrians, taking into account demographic variables and aspects related to limited trust in passenger car drivers.