The article considers aesthetic culture as the most important component of the general personality culture of the future doctor. It is emphasized that the formation of aesthetic culture in the process of professional training contributes not only to the development of aesthetic perception and artistic taste, but also enriches the studentís inner world, forms his humanistic values, promotes the development of emotional intelligence and empathy - qualities necessary for effective interaction with patients. Aesthetic culture promotes the harmonization of personality, the formation of ethical standards of behavior, the maintenance of psychological stability and sustainable professional self-determination. The author analyzes the pedagogical conditions and possibilities of integrating aesthetic principles into the educational process of medical schools, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of this task. It is noted that there is a need for a purposeful and systematic approach to the formation of aesthetic culture of future doctors as an element of humanizing medical education and improving the quality of professional training. The work is aimed at teachers, researchers and organizers of higher medical education who are interested in developing cultural and aesthetic aspects of specialist training. Keywords: aesthetic culture, general culture, professional training, medical education, humanization, future doctor, ethics, empathy.

The key pedagogical aspects of teaching physics in medical universities that influence the formation of professional competence of future physicians are discussed in the article. Particular attention is paid to the role of the teacher as an intermediary between theoretical knowledge and its practical application in clinical practice. The importance of integrating physics with medical disciplines and adopting an interdisciplinary approach is emphasized, along with the development of students' critical and clinical thinking skills. Methodological techniques that contribute to students’ motivation and increase the efficiency of mastering the physical and mathematical knowledge necessary for successful professional training are analyzed. Key words: Physics in medical education, professional competence, pedagogical aspects, teaching physics, interdisciplinary approach, critical thinking, student motivation, medical university

The purpose of the study. The analysis of the formation and development of physiologicalresearch at the TSMU named after Abuali ibni Sino with an emphasis on the study of theadaptivemechanisms of the human and animal body to the conditions of high altitude and hypoxia, as well asanassessment of the contribution of the Tajik scientific school to the development of Russianadaptivephysiology. Materials and methods of research. Historical and scientific analysis of archival andpublishedmaterials on the activities of the Department of Normal Physiology of TSMU since the 1940s. The results of the study. Studies conducted at Abuali ibni Sino State Medical Universityhaveconfirmed the body's high sensitivity to hypoxia, especially in high-altitude conditions. Asetofkeyadaptive shifts af ecting various physiological systems has been identified. Thus, residentsof high-altitude areas showed an increase in lung capacity, increased hyperventilation, and anexpansionofthedif usion surface of the alveolar tissue. There was also an increase in the sensitivity of the respiratory center to carbondioxide, whichensures the maintenance of hyperventilation even with the development of hypocapnia. At thelevel ofthecentral nervous system, there was a decrease in the lability of sensory and neuromuscular systems, thedevelopment of parabiotic reactions, especially in animals with a predominance of a weaktypeof highernervous activity. Changes in the function of the endocrine glands have been identifiedinthefieldofneurohumoral regulation: hypoxia results in both hyperfunction and hypofunction, whichis not onlydueto the direct ef ect of oxygen deficiency on secretory cells, but also to a violation of hypothalamic-pituitary regulation. Significant changes were detected in the cardiovascular system: anincreaseinvenous extensibility, a change in the capillary filtration coef icient, increased precapillary resistance, anda decrease in venous outflow during acute hypoxia. Microcirculation studies have confirmedtheimportant role of the sympathetic nervous system in ensuring venous blood return, as well astheadaptive response of the capillary bed aimed at optimizing gas exchange. Additionally, experimentswereconducted to study the physiological ef ects of natural healing factors (mummie, mineral waters), whichdemonstrated a positive ef ect on adaptation processes. Conclusion. The physiological research initiated at Abuali ibni Sino TSMU laid the foundationforthe Tajik school of adaptive physiology and made a significant contribution to the studyoftheadaptation mechanisms of the body to the conditions of high altitude and hypoxia. Theresultsofnumerous laboratory and expedition works have confirmed the complexity and multilevel natureofadaptive processes, including neurohumoral, respiratory, cardiovascular, and tissue regulation. Key words: high-altitude, hypoxia, adaptation, physiology, respiratory system, cardiovascularsystem, nervous and humoral regulation, microcirculation, nervous system, experimental physiology,pressure chamber, physiology of high-altitude.

Рurpose. To introduce a method for sequencing mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and to study their varieties among former labor migrants. Material and methods. To achieve the goal of the study, we used the archived biological material of 340 MBT samples obtained from TB patients (sputum, pleural fluid, pus, lymph node biopsy, abdominal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, induced sputum) received from anti-tuberculosis institutions of the country in 2023, which were analyzed on a sequencer. Results. We conducted spoligotyping of MBT strains taken from 340 sputum samples of former labor migrants. All sputum samples were sequenced, which revealed that the most common lineage was Beijing (50.8%), followed by an unrecognized lineage (28.4%), followed by Ural-2 (4.6%), T1 (3.7%), H1 and Ural-1 (2.1%), CAS1-Delhi (1.8%), LAM-RUS (1.7%), CAS (1.2%), LAM-9, T and T3-OSA (0.6% each), Beijing-CAS1-Delhi combinations, as well as LAM-9, Mani2, Unknown and other lineages (0.3% each). Conclusions: 1. The introduction of the genomic sequencing method into the practice of phthisiology is of great clinical importance, since the selection of drugs in the chemotherapy regimen for TB patients in accordance with the principle of evidencebased medicine and, accordingly, the effectiveness of their treatment depend on the timely determination of MBT strains and the spectrum of their drug sensitivity. 2. The spoligotypes of MBT strains in Tajikistan were deciphered: they belong to the Beijing family (50.8%), followed by an unrecognized lineage (28.4%), then follow the Ural-2 lineages (6.7%), T and T1-5 lineages (4.9%), h1 (2.1%), Cas1-Delhi lineages (1.8%), Lam-rus (1.7%), Cas (1.2%), Lam-9, Osa (0.6%), Beijing-Cas1-Delhi combinations, as well as Lam-9-Mani2-unrecognized lineages (0.3% each). The obtained data indicate the impact of migration on the spread of various lines of TB pathogen strains in the Republic of Tajikistan from other countries and regions. 3. It was also found that among all resistant strains (81), the Beijing line accounts for 69.8% for the entire spectrum of resistance and 80.2% for rifampicin resistance. Keywords. Tuberculosis, mycobacterium strains, sequencing, spoligotyping.

Рurpose. The study of the clinical case of patients with Ahlstrom syndrome. Material and Methods. Two patients, a sister and a brother from the same family, aged8and7,respectively, were observed and treated in the pediatric eye department of the State Medical Centerofthe Republic of Tatarstan Shifobakhsh. He underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologicalexamination (visometry, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, refractometry, OCT of the retinaandopticdisc) and a clinical and laboratory examination to clarify the diagnosis of Ahlstromsyndrome. Results. Patient A.G., born in 2014, complained of photophobia and decreasedvision.Ophthalmological status: visus OD = 0.08 n/k, OS = 0.07 n/k, horizontal nystagmus, paleopticnervediscs with clear boundaries, narrow and sparse vessels, pale retina with pigmented foci. Retinal OCTisthe absence of a layer of photoreceptors on the periphery while remaining in the foveaandmarkedthinning of the retinal layers. OCT of the optic disc revealed no abnormalities. Laboratorytests:increased levels of aminotransferases (ALT 99.9 U/L, AST 47.5 U/L), gamma glutamyltransferase(GGT 103.34 U/L) and urea (8.4 mmol/L). The level of insulin was 30.86 Uu/ml, prolactin–678.5mIu/l. Patient A.S., born in 2015, complains of photophobia and night blindness. Ophthalmologicalstatus: visual OD = 0.04 n/k, OS = 0.03 n/K. horizontal nystagmus, paleness of optic nervediscswithclear boundaries, narrow and sparse vessels, retinal degeneration with pigment depositionfromthecenter to the periphery. Retinal OCT is marked thinning of the retinal layers and optic discfibersinallquadrants. Laboratory tests: increased levels of aminotransferases (ALT 90.8 U/L, AST52.3U/L),gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT 104.4 U/L) and urea (8.8 mmol/L). Insulin – 31.6 Uu/ml and185.7mIu/l. According to ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, both patients showedsignsofdiffuse parenchymal process in the liver, hepatomegaly, secondary changes in the pancreas anddiffuseparenchymal changes in both kidneys, nephromegaly. The phenotypic features of the patientsincludeda narrow forehead, low hair growth, hypoplasia of the middle third of the face, a Mongoloideyeincision, micrognathia, and low-lying dysplastic auricles with a large lobe. Taking intoaccountthesesigns, as well as decreased visual acuity, optic nerve atrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, hepatomegalyandnephromegaly, after consulting a geneticist, the diagnosis of Ahlstrom syndrome was established. Conclusion: Ahlstrom syndrome is a rare multisystem hereditary disease characterizedbyprogressive vision loss, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and metabolic disorders. The varietyof clinicalmanifestations makes diagnosis difficult, which underscores the importance of aninterdisciplinaryapproach. Increasing the awareness of doctors about Ahlstrom syndrome will helptodetectthedisease in a timely manner, provide early medical care and slow down the developmentofthepathological process in these patients. Keywords: Ahlstrom's syndrome, OCT, ophthalmological status.