Inadequate documentation and limited accessibility of student works remain persistent issues in Visual Communication Design (VCD) programs, reducing their effectiveness as academic portfolios and institutional repositories. This study aims to design and empirically evaluate a user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) for a VCD students who work in a data center that emphasizes usability, visual clarity, and local cultural relevance. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating qualitative user needs analysis through interviews and surveys with quantitative usability evaluation. The design process was guided by the Design Thinking framework, encompassing the stages of empathize, define, ideate, prototyping, and testing. Usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) yielded a score of 84.8, indicating excellent system usability, while the Net Promoter Score (NPS) reached +62.5, reflecting high user satisfaction and recommendation intent. The findings demonstrate that the proposed UI/UX design significantly enhances system usability, user engagement, and accessibility of student works. This study contributes an empirical UI/UX design model for art-based academic repositories by integrating usability evaluation with local cultural elements to support sustainable documentation and appreciation of student creative outputs.

Research on activated carbon generated from biomass as a possible supercapacitor electrode material has increased in response to the growing need for sustainable energy storage solutions. Recent advancements in the synthesis, activation, and electrochemical performance of activated carbon derived from biomass are covered in this review. Carbonization and chemical activation employing agents like KOH, H₃PO₄, ZnCl₂, and CaCl₂ which have a major impact on pore structure and surface area are the usual steps in biomass activation. CaCl₂ activation creates mesoporous structures that facilitate rapid ion diffusion and enhanced capacitance, whereas KOH and ZnCl₂ activation often yield the largest surface area with dominant micropores. Electrochemical stability and electrical conductivity are further improved by nitrogen doping. The selection of electrolyte is also crucial; ionic liquid electrolytes, such EMIM-BF₄, offer greater thermal stability and broader voltage windows, while aqueous electrolytes, including H₂SO₄ and KOH, offer high capacitance because of their high ionic conductivity. Depending on the pore shape and activation technique, biomass-based carbons have been reported to have specific capacitances ranging from 250 to 450 F/g. All things considered, a successful method for creating high-performance, sustainable electrode materials for next-generation supercapacitors involves combining appropriate activation agents, heteroatom doping, and optimal electrolytes.

The emulsion paint industry still relies heavily on conventional synthetic binders, such as acrylic and vinyl resins, which are derived from petrochemicals and pose sustainability and environmental concerns. This study explores the use of natural rubber latex as an alternative, more environmentally friendly binder through a graft copolymerization process with styrene and methyl methacrylate monomers. The reaction was carried out with the addition of 2% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) surfactant and 2% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) initiator. The success of the graft was confirmed by the appearance of distinctive peaks in the FTIR spectrum and the increase in the mechanical strength of the resulting binder. Application to emulsion paints demonstrated better performance than pure latex, particularly in adhesion, scrubbing resistance, and water resistance. In addition to improved technical performance, the use of natural rubber also offers advantages over synthetic acrylic binders, including local raw material availability, lower production costs, and a smaller environmental footprint. These results demonstrate that modified natural rubber latex has potential as an environmentally friendly binder for paint, providing a practical basis for the development of sustainable emulsion paint formulations that can support the competitiveness and independence of the national paint industry.

The study aims to develop an Arduino-based vibration system integrated with the Phypox application as an inexpensive and portable physics learning tool. This system is designed to generate controlled mechanical vibrations and record real-time oscillation data using a smartphone accelerometer. The experimental results show that the system produces a very stable vibration frequency of approximately 49.74 Hz, supported by a very small standard deviation (SD = 0.00203 Hz). linear regression analysis between the vibration duration and the number of oscillations resulted in R2 = 0.9999997, indicating an almost perfect linear relationship. These findings are in line with previous studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of smartphone sensors for harmonic motion analysis and digital-based practical activities. The integration of Arduino and Phyphox also supports discovery-based learning, as emphasized in the Kurikulum Merdeka, by providing easily accessible experimental tools to enhance scientific skills. This research offers a practical solution for schools with limited laboratory facilities and highlights the potential for further development in the study of resonance, forced vibration, and digital signal analysis.

The standardization of herbal raw materials is a critical prerequisite for ensuring the safety and reproducibility of traditional medicines. Enhydra fluctuans Lour. (Asteraceae), a semi-aquatic herb widely used in West Sumatra as a leafy vegetable and reported to possess antioxidant, thrombolytic, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic activities. Despite these recognized bioactivities, comprehensive pharmacognostic data that would support the authentication, identification, and quality control of this species remain scarce. This study aimed to characterize the morphological, anatomical, and physicochemical properties of the aerial parts of E. fluctuans, and to establish standardization parameters following the guidelines of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Morphological evaluation was conducted through macroscopic assessment of fresh plant material and simplicia, whereas anatomical structures were examined using transverse and longitudinal sections observed under a light microscope. Physicochemical analyses included determination of acid-insoluble ash and quantification of heavy metal contaminants (Cd and Pb) using gravimetric and spectroscopic methods. The leaves were found to exhibit both paracytic and actinocytic stomatal types, accompanied by glandular trichomes, while the stems showed bicollateral vascular bundles as a defining anatomical feature. The simplicia were characterized by their green coloration, distinctive odor, bitter taste, and the presence of dispersed prismatic calcium oxalate crystals. The non-specific parameters include total ash content, acid-insoluble ash, moisture content, and heavy metal contamination (Cd and Pb) met the acceptable limits defined by the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. These findings strengthen its potential application as a safe and reliable herbal raw material for future pharmacological investigations and herbal product development.

Bimetallic RuPd nanoparticles (RuPd NPs) were successfully synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via a liquid-phase deposition method and evaluated for catalytic hydrogenation of methyl orange under microwave irradiation. Structural and morphological analyses reveal that Ru incorporation induces a transformation from irregular Pd nanoparticles to hierarchical cauliflower-like RuPd nanostructures composed of nanospherical subunits. XRD, TEM, and EDX analyses confirm the formation of an alloyed Ru–Pd phase with tunable elemental distribution. The catalytic performance strongly depends on Ru precursor concentration, with an optimal value of 0.27 mM yielding a high kinetic rate constant of 1.1 × 10⁻² s⁻¹. The catalyst exhibits excellent turnover number (7,658) and turnover frequency (4.7 × 10¹ s⁻¹). Enhanced catalytic activity is attributed to Ru-induced electronic modulation of the Pd d-band, promoting superior hydrogenation efficiency.

This study examined the comparative effects of pond water and rice field water on the embryonic development and larval viability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 300 fertilized eggs were incubated under controlled laboratory conditions using two distinct water sources, each replicated three times. Embryonic development was observed microscopically at 30-minute intervals, with documentation of cleavage, blastula, gastrula, organogenesis, and hatching stages. The results showed that embryos incubated in rice field water experienced significant developmental delays, irregular morphogenesis, and lower hatching rates (73.2%) compared to those in pond water (98.7%). Larvae from the rice field water group exhibited reduced motility, abnormal morphology, and higher post-hatching mortality. These adverse effects were attributed to physicochemical stress factors such as reduced dissolved oxygen, pH fluctuation, and potential agrochemical contaminants in rice field water. The study underscores the importance of water quality management in hatchery operations and recommends pretreatment or quality assessment of rice field water prior to use in aquaculture, especially in integrated farming systems.

The purpose of this research is to characterize and ascertain how project-based learning improves cognitive learning outcomes for students. The quasi-experimental research design are employed. The X-grade children of SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja made up the study's population, while the X2 and X5 classes, which included 33 and 32 students respectively, served as the study's samples. Primary and secondary data are the two types of data collection methodologies. Descriptive and inferential analysis are two methods of data analysis. The group that used project-based learning had an average score of 60.7, falling into the "fairly good" category, according to the statistics. In contrast, the group that used traditional learning had an average score of 51.0 in the category of fairly good. A sig value was obtained from the hypothesis testing findings using the Independent sample t-test. There is a statistically significant difference between project-based learning and standard learning classes (2-tailed) 0.002 <0.05). These findings suggest that project-based learning on alternative energy sources can enhance the cognitive learning outcomes of SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja class X students.