Durante las últimas décadas, en las legislaciones de América Latina, se han tipificado infracciones electorales, que pueden llegar hasta la destitución de una autoridad de elección popular. Estas competencias han sido atribuidas a los tribunales electorales, lo que ha despertado un intenso debate respecto a la facultad de los jueces para destituir a dignatarios de elección popular, en virtud de su legitimidad democrática de origen. En el trabajo, se analizan conceptualmente figuras como la representación política y el alcance de sus competencias y responsabilidades en el contexto de un sistema republicano y constitucional de derecho que debe equilibrar la defensa de los principios intrínsecos a la democracia, el ejercicio de los derechos políticos y la voluntad general del pueblo.

The COVID-19 pandemic has lowered the standard of living for millions of people, especially children. The aim of this research is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on children's standard of living. Specifically, this study focuses on children residing in the Region of Murcia, Spain. The hypothesis is that children living in households at risk of social exclusion have suffered the social consequences of the pandemic to a greater extent. A scale has been developed to determine the degree of the impact of COVID-19 on five basic functionings: food, education, dwelling, social relations, and health. Among the most noteworthy results, we found that children in households at risk of social exclusion were more impacted by COVID-19 in three of this functionings. Deprivation was more intense in social relations and health, with higher levels observed in households at risk of social exclusion in all the functionings except social relations.

This article analyzes the governance of three value chains in two territories of Ecuador, highlighting the critical points that lead to the underperformance of these chains and their related food systems, as well as potential leverage points for leading to a system’s change. In these value chains, disconnections (minimal communication/coordination) were observed at all levels among the different actors analyzed, representing a weak governance. The article proposes that this weak governance is a main obstacle to overcoming unfavorable results of the food system such as poverty, food insecurity and environmental degradation, and suggests four criteria for successfully bringing the food chain actors together for food system transformation.

The increase in the minimum wage in South American countries can follow frameworks and guides, amongst other factors, from those defined in Anglo-Saxon countries. For neoliberalism, minimum wages and poverty have a positive relationship, while for post-Keynesianism it is negative. In this research, we identify the variations of the minimum wage have on the incomes of the different economic deciles in Ecuador. We conclude that the variation of the minimum wage does not impact the decline in «extreme poverty», decile 1. It impacts the decile closest to the minimum wage, decile 4, but also deciles 2, 3 and 5, because there is a «lighthouse effect» on them. Increasing the minimum wage can be an effective policy to reduce poverty and sustain the vulnerable social class (those between poverty and the middle class). Reducing informality would make the impact of the minimum wage more transparent, which would improve its capacity as a public policy tool.

The planetary crises, the misdevelopment of humanity, and the idea of continuous economic growth without limits have led to a series of criticisms of the modern metanarrative of development. The proposal of transdevelopment, as a transmodern paradigm of well-being in which otherness is present, allows for framing other ways of doing economy, different from the convention and, in this sense, de(s)colonizes economics. This research conceptualizes categories associated with transdevelopment and economics and presents five cases of transdevelopment experiences/proposals in Mexico using qualitative methodology in the form of documentary and case analysis. Perspectives of life compatible with relational ontologies, attributable to the indigenous tradition, were found, which account for rationalities different from that of homo economicus. These rationalities, not centered on accumulation, allow for generating alternatives to the conventional market and visualizing it as complementary.

Homelessness is the most visible expression of social exclusion, reflecting a global housing access issue at a local level. This article presents a systematic review of methodologies for estimating the homeless population in Spain, identifying 61 studies through database and official source searches. Following the PRISMA model, studies that provided a comprehensive view of the phenomenon in various regions were prioritized. Results show an evolution from early Spanish Statistical Office national surveys to recent night counts, though limitations like methodological inconsistency and challenges in rural areas and vulnerable populations persist. The article highlights the need for varied methodologies, administrative coordination, and open data access, enhancing research and public policies to address hidden dimensions of homelessness.

This paper builds the concept of the global ecosociocultural (poly)crisis of the 21st century from an analysis of the literature of Social Ecology and Decolonial Studies. From this construction, the global ecosociocultural (poly)crisis of the 21st century is defined in systemic terms as the period of instability suffered by the world socioeconomic system from its origin at the beginning of the century as a consequence of global maldevelopment, characterized by generalized reductions of the welfare of human beings at the global, regional, national, and local levels, across various dimensions: ecological (absence of harmony in relations between human beings and other beings of nature); social (absence of harmony in relations between human beings); and personal (absence of harmony in relations of human beings with themselves). This polycrisis therefore has three differentiated (but interrelated) dimensions: that related to ecological unsustainability; that related to social inequality; and that related to cultural dissociation.

The classical questioning of the articulation between «community» and «cooperatives» acquires a new relevance in the context of the ecosocial transition. Beyond the postulate of fit or alterity between both types of institutions, this article proposes a nuanced framework of analysis informed by field studies to reposition the issue on the social and solidarity economy research agenda. First, based on a selective literature review, some research avenues are proposed on the topicality of the community and cooperative debate in the context of current ecosocial transitions. Secondly, we propose a framework of analysis to understand the «community»-«cooperatives» relationship, which we will focus in the third section on the community-based tourism sector in rural and peasant areas in Mexico. The last section proposes to extend this analytical framework to other alternatives built in response to the challenges of the ecosocial transition.

Based on the analysis of two ecosocial transition initiatives in Ecuador, inscribed in the principles of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) and agroecology, we seek to contribute to the global debate on ecosocial transitions from a Southern perspective. The article discusses the key points for ecosocial transitions to take place in terms of radical alternativity. To this end, we study three dimensions: i) alternative economic relations, ii) food sovereignty, and iii) gender and sustainability of life. We show how these experiences serve to elucidate the localized effects of global capitalism, providing plausible alternatives for systemic transition.

To face the eco-social crisis caused by the capitalist model of production and consumption, we need eco-social transitions towards fair and sustainable models. The social and solidarity economy (SSE) is positioned as a key alternative that promotes economic practices based on cooperation, equity and sustainability. This monograph brings together articles that highlight the contributions of SSE initiatives to eco-social transitions in various regions and sectors. The eight selected studies analyse topics such as the inter-cooperation networks in Euskal Herria, the role of cooperativism, the circularity in the textile industry in the European Union, the links between waste management and social inclusion, the post-capitalist digitalisation, the agroecological experiences in Ecuador, the peasant markets in Ecuador and Mexico, or the community-based rural tourism in Mexico. We highlight how the SSE faces the tensions derived from global capitalism, promoting decentralised and resilient economic models, and consolidating itself as a tool for eco-social transformation. Differences in scale, sector and relationship with the State are identified, as well as challenges in institutionalization, autonomy and sustainability. We emphasize the need to continue researching the scalability of the SSE, its relationship with public policies and its impact on gender equity.