The consumption of fruits, both fresh and processed, is closely linked to their quality and the attributes valued by the consumer market. Chemical characteristics of the ‘Pêra-Rio’ orange such as vitamin C content, acidity, and soluble solids—are increasingly important in fruit analysis. These factors play a key role in guiding genetic improvement and determining the optimal harvest period for cultivars that produce fruits with traits specifically sought by end consumers. This study aims to present a detailed perspective on the chemical characterization of fruits, with a particular focus on the correlation analysis of the ‘Pêra-Rio’ orange. The fruits were obtained from a local market in Jataí, Goiás, and transported to the Fruit Growing Laboratory at the Federal University of Jataí. Upon arrival, the samples were selected and sanitized for subsequent analysis of soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and vitamin C concentration. The ‘Pêra-Rio’ orange samples exhibited an average citric acid concentration of 1.22 mg/100 mL of juice. Soluble solids content ranged from 8.6 to 11.5 °Brix. A positive correlation was observed between titratable acidity and vitamin C levels, whereas an inverse correlation was found between titratable acidity and the soluble solids to titratable acidity (SS/TA) ratio. These findings suggest that the fruits analyzed may have exhibited enhanced chemical characteristics had they remained on the plant for a longer maturation period.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different grazing intensities on residual straw mass, soil water content, available water between field capacity and the wilting point, and soybean yield. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications, on a Typic Hapludox soil under a non-irrigated integrated crop-livestock (ICL) system. The experiment was established in the 2009/2010 season in Xambrê County, in the Northwestern region of Paraná State, Southern Brazil. The treatments consisted of five palisadegrass grazing height treatments: an ungrazed control and grazing heights of 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm, maintained through variable stocking rates. Palisadegrass dry mass was evaluated three times, and soil water content was measured 19 times during soybean cultivation in the 2013/2014 crop season, and soybean grain yield. In this ICL system, managing palisadegrass at a grazing height of 30 cm resulted in greater water availability in the 0-10 cm soil layer during the soybean growing season. However, soybean grain yield was not influenced by grazing heights management, due to severe dry spells between December and February. During this period, soil water content fell below 50% of the available water, coinciding with the critical grain-filling stage of soybean development. Monitoring water availability in sandy soils under ICL systems highlighted the need for supplemental irrigation to improve soybean grain yield under drought conditions.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat genotypes and their relationships with the attributes that enhance grain production. A randomized block experimental design was used with nine wheat genotypes and three replications, totaling 27 experimental units. Sowing was carried out in the first half of May 2023, with a sowing density of 350 viable seeds m-2. The following variables were evaluated: number of ears per meter, plant height, ear insertion height, ear length, number of grains per ear, ear grain weight, thousand grain weight, and grain yield. Climatic data, including mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature and precipitation, were obtained from NASA Power. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scott-Knott mean grouping, correlation analysis and K-means clustering. It was possible to estimate a positive linear relationship of ears per linear meter with grain yield. The genotypes TBIO Trunfo, TBIO Audaz and TBIO Motriz achieved the best agronomic performance for the attributes thousand grain weight and grain yield.

Wind tunnels are used in application technology for simulating uniform scenarios and quantifying spray drift. This study describes the design, construction, and validation of an open-circuit wind tunnel for aerodynamic simulations at the State University of Goiás. The tunnel consists of a fan, stabilization chamber, nozzle, test section, and diffuser. All components have a square cross-section and were constructed using iron bars and galvanized steel sheets for structural support and outer casing. The test section measures 0.60 m × 0.60 m in cross-section and 1.80 m in length and has acrylic access doors. The contraction nozzle was defined using a fifth-degree polynomial. The honeycomb structure was made from joined PVC pipes. Air propulsion is provided by a 1.1 kW three-phase motor conected to an axial fan and a frequency inverter. Validation involved measuring wind speeds inside the test section at three set points ??(1, 3, and 5 m s-1). Flow uniformity was assessed by calculating the Reynolds number, Mach number, and descriptive measurements. Results showed that the fan maintained desired operating conditions, and the tunnel generated a homogeneous, laminar, and incompressible flow, confirming its suitability for a wide range of simulation studies.

Several factors interfere in the efficiency of the seeding process in planting system, with the quality of longitudinal seed distribution being particularly critical. This study aimed to identify the most productive maize hybrid under the prevailing soil conditions and to evaluate the quality of seed longitudinal distribution during cultivation. The experimental design consisted of strip plots with seven treatments and five repetitions. The treatments comprised the following hybrid maize cultivars: EXP T14M774265, Balu 761, EXP T14M6520, EXP T14M713265, Balu 383 VIP 3, EXP T14M7641 and EXP 7132MT14. The variable evaluated included maize productivity, soil pH, soil mechanical resistance to penetration (RP) and the percentage of normal, double and missing crop spacing. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared using Tukey’s test when the F-test was significant at the 5% probability level. No significant differences were observed in soil pH (measured in both H2O and KCl), and soil compaction levels remained within acceptable limits, indicating favorable conditions for plants development. However, the seed longitudinal distribution exhibited high variability, attributed to inadequate planter calibration. Among the hybrids tested, EXP T14M6520 (C3) exhibited the highest average productivity, reaching 8.43 t ha-1.

Agricultural pests are organisms capable of significantly impacting the yield and quality of cultivated crops. Traditionally, population control of insect pests has relied on methods such as trapping and subsequent analysis of captured individuals to implement specific control actions, such as the use of insecticides. However, advancements in Computer Vision and Deep Learning techniques offer promising ways for more efficient pest detection and management. This study aims to apply Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect the insect pest Diatraea saccharalis, a major pest of sugarcane crops. A dataset comprising 945 training images and 470 test images of deceased insects collected from traps was compiled in order to train and test the model. The Yolov8 Computer Vision framework was employed for software implementation. Results indicate promising outcomes, with the trained CNN achieving 96.2% precision and 95.8% recall. The application of Computer Vision in pest management could lead to more timely and accurate detection of pests, reducing the need for widespread insecticide use, enabling specific interventions, and minimizing labor-intensive monitoring tasks. This research highlights the potential of Deep Learning methodologies to enhance agricultural pest management strategies by improving early pest detection, reducing crop damage, and optimizing the use of pest control resources.

This study aims to analyze the dynamic relationship between the physicochemical attributes of a Yellow Dystrophic Latosol, which a particular focus on their direct and indirect influences on soil electrical conductivity. Soil samples were collected from 50 georeferenced points within the municipality of Brejo – MA, Brazil, to evaluate these interactions using multivariate stastistical approaches. The path analysis process was conducted using the GENES software, a statistical tool essential for estimate linear correlation values and decomposing the data. The evaluated soil attributes included electrical conductivity, altitude, humidity, soil density, porosity, organic matter, pH, clay, silt, total sand, very coarse sand, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand, very fine sand, aggregates larger than 2.00 mm³, aggregates larger than 1.00 mm³, aggregates larger than 1.00 mm³, aggregates larger than 0.10 mm³, weighted mean diameter, and mean internal diameter. The approach was adopted due to the high occurrence of multicollinearity, which can lead to interpretative misunderstanding. For this purpose, data decomposition was performed, using electrical conductivity as primary variable - to mitigate the mutual influence among soil attributes. The analysis revealed that pH is the most influential attribute in determining the electrical conductivity of the studied Latosol.

Red rice is considered the predominant weed species in rice fields, causing significant economic losses to producers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of red rice seeds during the soaking of seeds in water, as well as the development of plants under two fertilization sources (NPK and complete nutrient solution). Seeds were subjected to different soaking durations in water: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. After four days of germination, the seedlings were divided into two treatment groups: (i) plants fertilized with NPK and (ii) plants fertilized with complete nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, evaluating the variables: germination, number of leaves, plant height and dry matter accumulation. A significant increase in germination percentage, number of leaves, plant height and dry matter accumulation in both the aerial part and roots was observed with longer seed soaking durations. This effect was more expressive in red rice plants fertilized with the complete nutritive solution. Thus, we conclude that this fertilizer source enhances the competitive ability of this weed species against cultivated rice.

The intrinsic soil air permeability (Kair), defined as the capacity of soil pores to conduct air, is an important soil attribute, as it identifies changes in pore spaces. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of initial gauge pressure, permeameter air cylinder volume, and sample volume on the Kair measurement. Samples of an Oxisol were collected at a depth of 0–0.2 layer and stored in a pot. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x3x2 factorial scheme, characterized by four different initial gauge pressures (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 Pa), three different permeameter cylinder volumes (0.008, 0.0124, and 0.031 m3), and two sample volumes (100 and 270 cm3). The assessment was performed under two soil density conditions in pots (1.334 and 1.421 Mg m?3). Kair showed no changes due to the different sample volumes, but a different behavior was observed for the two soil density conditions. Increasing the permeameter air cylinder volume promoted an increase in the Kair estimate. Kair was lower for the initial pressure evaluated with 2000 Pa.

At a global level, it is estimated that between 30% and 50% of agricultural production is influenced by the use of commercial fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of soybean and corn subjected to doses of fertilizers containing multiple micronutrients. The experiment was conducted on the Água Limpa Araras property, in the 2022/2023 season. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, consisting of six treatments and four replicates, totaling 24 experimental units. Treatments were Fert Micro BR 12 fertilizer doses of: 0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125 kg ha-1. Leaf B, Mn and Zn contents were within the range considered ideal for soybean and corn crops, except in the corn crop, where the leaf Mn content in the control treatment and at a dose of 25 kg ha-1. Soybean and corn responded to the application of fertilizer containing multiple micronutrients. Soybean responded linearly with the increase in the dose of fertilizer containing multiple micronutrients, reaching a grain yield of 5,535 kg ha-1 with a dose of 125.0 kg ha-1. For corn, the maximum estimated dose of fertilizer containing multiple micronutrients was 115.8 kg ha-1, with grain yield of 12,454.48 kg ha-1.