The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of transformational temperatures on the cyclic fatigue resistance at body temperature of reciprocating file systems: R motion (RM), Procodile Q (PQ), and Reciproc Blue. Resistance test was done in a custom-made device at room (20°C ± 1°C) and body (37°C ± 1°C) temperatures within a 60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius of the artificial canal. The time to fracture (TTF) was recorded. The scanning electron microscope observation and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were performed. Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc comparison were applied at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a significant influence of temperature on instrumental breakage, regardless of the file systems (p < 0.05). The TTF is significantly decreased at body temperature (p < 0.05). PQ showed the longest TTF in both temperature conditions (p < 0.05). RM demonstrated a significantly higher TTF reduction ratio compared to the other files (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, the heat-treated files with reciprocating kinetics may have different reduction ratios of the fatigue resistance of the file systems under different temperature conditions. This characteristic is an important point of consideration when clinicians select the file system to reduce potential file fracture.

This study aimed to evaluate whether continuous irrigation with larger volumes or allowing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) resting time is more critical for pulp tissue dissolution using a controlled artificial root canal system. A three-dimensional printed artificial root canal with a lateral canal in the apical third was fabricated. Standardized bovine pulp tissue specimens were inserted, and three irrigation protocols were tested: group A (continuous NaOCl irrigation at 1 mL/min via syringe pump), group B (intermittent NaOCl irrigation with 0.1 mL and a 3-minute resting period), and group C (control, saline irrigation). The time for complete dissolution and the total NaOCl volume were recorded. Complete dissolution occurred in groups A and B, with significant differences in NaOCl volume and time (p < 0.05). In group A, complete dissolution was consistently observed after the 6th irrigation cycle, corresponding to a total NaOCl volume of 6.0 ± 0.66 mL per test. The average time required for complete dissolution in this group was 6 ± 0.66 minutes. In group B, complete dissolution occurred after the 4th cycle, with a total NaOCl volume of 0.4 ± 0.06 mL per test and a mean dissolution time of 12.6 ± 1.8 minutes. NaOCl volume and exposure time significantly influence pulp tissue dissolution.

The aim of this study was to compare the remineralizing capacity of bioactive glass (BGS-7, CGBIO) with other agents. Twenty caries-free third molars were sectioned and demineralized. Specimens were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) Clinpro XT varnish (Solventum), (3) 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel, and (4) a new type of CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 system of bioactive glass ceramics (BGS-7). Agents were applied and stored in simulated body fluid at 37℃ for 2 weeks. Microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness testing method. Five specimens per group were analyzed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) to assess mineral loss. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to examine the surface morphology and elemental composition. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). BGS-7 showed the highest microhardness values and the greatest recovery in QLF analysis (p < 0.05). FE-SEM revealed granular precipitates on demineralized enamel in the BGS-7 group. EDS confirmed the presence of newly formed silicon and fluoride layers. BGS-7 demonstrated superior remineralization capacity compared to other agents, suggesting its potential as an effective remineralizing material.

This study evaluated the marginal adaptation of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental), Biodentine (Septodont), and TotalFill BC RRM (FKG) placed in root-end cavities prepared with ultrasonic or Er,Cr:YSGG laser tips, using scanning electron microscopy. The canals of 90 extracted maxillary central incisors were prepared and obturated and their roots resected. Six groups of 15 specimens were allocated as follows: ultrasonic + ProRoot MTA, ultrasonic + Biodentine, ultrasonic + TotalFill, laser + ProRoot MTA, laser + Biodentine, and laser + TotalFill. Roots were sectioned longitudinally to expose the filling material. Apical and coronal micrographs were taken, and the greatest distance between dentin and filling material was measured. The total gap area was also calculated using further micrographs. Cavities prepared with the ultrasonic tips and filled with Biodentine showed significantly greater gap dimensions compared with TotalFill (p < 0.001) and ProRoot MTA (p = 0.007) in the apical region. The ultrasonic group showed significantly higher void values compared to the laser group for ProRoot MTA (p = 0.026), when comparing the total values of void. The Biodentine group was significantly higher than the TotalFill group in root-end cavities prepared with ultrasonic tips (p < 0.001). The Biodentine group was significantly higher than the ProRoot MTA group in root-end cavities prepared with the laser tip (p = 0.002). Under the conditions of this study, it was determined that the root-end cavity preparation technique had an effect on the amount of gaps formed between the dentin and the three filling materials.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the influence of two endodontic sealers on the bond strength of glass fiber posts using conventional and self-adhesive resin cement through a push-out test.MethodsForty central human incisors were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) based on sealer (epoxy resin-based or calcium silicate-based) and cement (conventional and self-adhesive resin) types: AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey)/RelyX ARC (3M ESPE), AH Plus/RelyX U200 (3M ESPE), Bio-C Sealer (Angelus)/RelyX ARC, and Bio-C Sealer/RelyX U200. After canal filling and post cementation, roots were sectioned to obtain one specimen per root third. A push-out test and failure pattern assessment were conducted, with bond strength analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test.ResultsAH Plus/RelyX ARC showed the highest bond strength values, with a significant difference in the middle third. The most common failure was mixed (55%), while adhesive failures made up 45%, with 23.5% at the cement/post interface and 21.5% at the cement/dentin interface.ConclusionsAH Plus/RelyX ARC provided the highest bond strength values for glass fiber posts to dentin.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to create a rapid admixture of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for chairside use in clinical settings to remediate the challenges associated with root canal treatment and pulp capping.MethodsSynthesized AgNPs at ratios of 10 and 25% were added to commercially available MTA to create an admixture. The admixture was subjected to structural and morphological assessment using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Antioxidant activity was measured using the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. A significance level of 0.05 was applied to determine statistical differences.ResultsThe addition of AgNPs decreased the carbonate peak intensity in XRD and FT-IR. The rod-like morphology of MTA was changed to a flake-like morphology with the addition of AgNPs. Antibacterial efficacy enhanced proportionally with the augmentation of AgNPs concentration.ConclusionsThe creation of rapid admixture of MTA and AgNPs during chairside use in clinical settings can deliver beneficial characteristics of enhanced morphological features favoring mineralization and profound antibacterial effects to overcome the challenges associated with root canal treatment and pulp capping.

Endodontic-periodontal lesions (EPLs) complicated by cemental tears present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This case report describes the successful management of a 66-year-old male patient with a mandibular second molar (#18) exhibiting an EPL complicated by a cemental tear. Clinical examination revealed a draining sinus tract, deep periodontal pockets, and radiographic evidence of a “J-shaped” lesion and a radiopaque cemental fragment. The tooth had previously initiated endodontic treatment. A multidisciplinary approach involving endodontic treatment and surgical removal of the cemental tear was implemented. At 24-month follow-up, clinical and radiographic examination revealed significant improvement in periodontal health, bone regeneration, and resolution of the lesion. This case highlights the importance of considering cemental tears in the differential diagnosis of EPLs and demonstrates the efficacy of a combined endodontic-periodontal approach for achieving predictable outcomes.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the quality, educational value, and demographic characteristics of pre-endodontic build-up videos published on the YouTube platform (Google LLC).MethodsThe study was conducted on YouTube using the keyword “pre-endodontic build-up.” The first 100 videos retrieved from the search results were reviewed, and 61 videos meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. After assessing the demographic characteristics of the videos, viewing rates and interaction indices were calculated. The quality of the videos was evaluated using the DISCERN instrument and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Statistical analyses were performed on the obtained results.ResultsA total of 61 videos were analyzed, of which 56% were uploaded by endodontists. The majority of the videos were found to be of low quality. As the DISCERN score increased, video duration, number of likes, number of comments, and view rate also increased. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the DISCERN score and the GQS value (p = 0.004). The relationship between video upload sources and various parameters was analyzed, revealing statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).ConclusionsConsidering all the evaluation methods used in this study, it is evident that the number of high-quality videos is low. This finding indicates that YouTube does not provide sufficient information on pre-endodontic build-up. To enhance its reliability as a source of medical information, YouTube should prioritize content that is not only popular but also accurate and of high quality, preferably created or endorsed by professionals.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the effect of cross-section geometry on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments by comparing two instruments with identical tip size, taper, and thermal treatment but differing in cross-section design.MethodsOne hundred four NiTi rotary instruments, being S-shaped and triangular cross-section, manufactured with Blueish thermal treatment, were tested (n = 52 per group). Differential scanning calorimetry was employed, and the metal mass volume and cross-section area were assessed. The cyclic fatigue, torsional, and bending resistance tests were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Student t-tests, and the level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsThe instruments exhibited similar start and finish temperatures of phase transformation. The S-shaped instruments had significantly lower metal mass volume and cross-sectional area (p < 0.05). S-shaped instruments demonstrated superior cyclic fatigue resistance, greater angular deflection, and lower bending stiffness (p < 0.05).ConclusionsCross-section geometry significantly influences the mechanical properties of NiTi rotary instruments.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the content, educational quality, and dependability of videos on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube about pulp therapy (PT) in pediatric dentistry and endodontics.MethodsThree popular video sites, Instagram (Meta Platforms, Inc.,), TikTok (ByteDance Ltd.), and YouTube (Google LLC), were searched for PT content to analyze for compliance with the American Association of Endodontists and American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guidelines for clinical endodontists and pediatric dentists. The searched hashtags were #pulpaltherapy, #pulpaltreatment, #pulptherapy, and #pulptreatment. The classification of 158 English-language videos was based on several variables: communication quality, duration, likes and dislikes, views, source, treatment, and genre. The videos were evaluated using a usefulness score and the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score, and modified DISCERN score to rate their quality and reliability. The majority of the videos were published by healthcare professionals, dental clinics, and universities.ResultsSignificant relationships existed between video length, source of upload, usefulness score, tooth type, pulp status, and VIQI, JAMA, GQS, and DISCERN scores for all three platforms (p < 0.05). A statistically significant relationship existed of YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram with the number of views, number of months since upload, view rates, comments and likes (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTikTok and Instagram reel videos provided high- to moderate-quality information about PT, especially in children, but YouTube may provide more reliable information than other social media tools.