This article presents a theoretical approach rooted in Peace Research to examine the religious landscape of the eastern Rif following Morocco's independence. The period of independence positioned religious entities at a critical juncture in their long history, representing a particularly unstable time for the Sufi brotherhoods associated with these zawiya. The social spaces created by the zawiya have been influenced by new sociocultural dynamics, leading to their transformation and adaptation in response to contemporary demands. This study aims to guide the reader toward understanding peace as an ongoing journey that coexists with conflict, highlighting the peaceful elements that emerge within these Sufi entities. Insights derived from research on peace, particularly the theory of Imperfect Peace, illuminate the dynamism of the zawiya, their roles as agents of social harmony, and the space-time transformations they undergo in the pursuit of continuous and transformative peace. This exploration focuses on one of the most deeply rooted entities in the eastern Rif. Keyword: Imperfect Peace, peacebuilding, Zawiya, Rif, independence. Artikel ini meneliti pendekatan teoretis yang berakar pada penelitian perdamaian untuk mengkaji lanskap keagamaan di Rif timur pasca kemerdekaan Maroko. Periode kemerdekaan di sana menempatkan entitas-entitas keagamaan pada titik kritis dalam sejarah panjang mereka, yang mewakili masa yang sangat tidak stabil bagi persaudaraan Sufi yang terkait dengan Zawiya ini. Ruang sosial yang diciptakan Zawiya dipengaruhi oleh dinamika sosio-kultural baru yang mengarah pada transformasi dan adaptasi menghadapi tuntutan-tuntutan kontemporer pada masanya. Studi ini bertujuan membahas perdamaian sebagai perjalanan berkelanjutan yang hidup berdampingan dengan konflik, dengan menyoroti elemen-elemen damai yang muncul dalam entitas-entitas Sufi ini. Wawasan yang diperoleh dari penelitian tentang perdamaian, khususnya teori Perdamaian yang Tidak Sempurna, menyoroti dinamisme Zawiya, peran mereka sebagai agen harmoni sosial, dan transformasi ruang-waktu yang mereka alami dalam mengejar perdamaian yang berkelanjutan dan transformatif. Eksplorasi ini berfokus pada salah satu entitas yang paling mengakar di Rif Timu, Maroko. Kata kunci: Perdamaian yang Tidak Sempurna, pembangunan perdamaian, Zawiya, Rif, kemerdekaan.

Tulisan ini mengeksplorasi peran media digital yang telah berkembang dari awal penggunaannya dalam praktik keagamaan hingga menciptakan ruang sakral baru yang mempengaruhi pengalaman dan perasaan spiritual umat beragama. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga menunjukkan bahwa media digital sangat membantu dalam mencapai tujuan-tujuan dari keagamaan tradisional. Dalam pendekatannya, tulisan ini menggunakan teori hierophany Mircea Eliade untuk menganalisis bagaimana media digital memediasi pengalaman sakral dengan menunjukkan dialektika yang terjadi antara yang sakral dan yang profan. Metode kualitatif berbasis analisis literatur digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi pergeseran makna media digital dari sakral ke profan dan kembali menjadi sakral melalui adopsi teknologi seperti internet dan kecerdasan buatan dalam praktik keagamaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media digital memperkaya identitas keagamaan yang lebih inklusif, membentuk komunitas virtual yang cair namun tetap memelihara nilai-nilai spiritual, serta memperluas otoritas religius dengan menggabungkan tradisi dan inovasi teknologi di dalamnya. Hierophany digital menghadirkan ruang religius yang memungkinkan pengalaman spiritual tetap relevan dan personal dalam konteks modern. Media digital tidak hanya mendukung praktik tradisional tetapi juga merevolusi hubungan manusia dengan yang sakral, memperkuat solidaritas spiritual, dan menciptakan integrasi baru antara sakralitas dan realitas profan di era teknologi. Kata kunci: agama; media digital; hierophany; teknologi; sakral; profan This paper explores the role of digital media, which has evolved from its initial use in religious practices to creating new sacred spaces that influence the spiritual experiences and feelings of religious adherents. Furthermore, it demonstrates that digital media significantly supports the objectives of traditional religions. Using Mircea Eliade's theory of hierophany, this study analyzes how digital media mediates sacred experiences by highlighting the dialectics between the sacred and the profane. A qualitative method based on literature analysis is employed to investigate the shift in the meaning of digital media from sacred to profane and back to sacred through the adoption of technologies such as the internet and artificial intelligence in religious practices. The findings reveal that digital media enriches religious identity in a more inclusive manner, forms fluid virtual communities while preserving spiritual values, and expands religious authority by integrating tradition and technological innovation. Digital hierophany introduces religious spaces that enable spiritual experiences to remain relevant and personal in modern contexts. Digital media not only supports traditional practices but also revolutionizes human relationships with the sacred, strengthens spiritual solidarity, and creates new integrations between sacredness and profane realities in the technological era. Keyword: religion; digital media; hierophany; technology; sacred; profane

Artikel ini membahas praktik puasa dalam Agama Buddha, khususnya Hari Uposatha, yang memiliki makna spiritual mendalam. Puasa dalam konteks ini melibatkan delapan aturan moral dan lima aturan dasar, serta memiliki peran penting dalam pengembangan diri dan pencarian pencerahan. Melalui studi literatur, artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa puasa dalam Agama Buddha digunakan sebagai sarana untuk mengendalikan hawa nafsu, mengembangkan ketenangan batin, dan mendekatkan diri pada pencerahan. Artikel juga menyoroti tata cara pelaksanaan Hari Uposatha yang dilakukan berdasarkan penanggalan Lunar, serta membahas permasalahan dan pertanyaan seputar praktik puasa dalam Agama Buddha di Indonesia. Selanjutnya, pembahasan mencakup sistem penanggalan Hari Uposatha, aturan-aturan khusus yang harus diikuti, dan aktivitas yang dapat dilakukan oleh umat Buddha selama menjalankan Uposatha. Selain itu, artikel mengeksplorasi cara umat Buddha dapat meningkatkan wawasan dan kesadaran diri selama Uposatha, termasuk melalui meditasi. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa meditasi memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga kesehatan mental dan meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi stres. Artikel mengakhiri dengan mengajukan pertanyaan kritis tentang bagaimana mengurangi efek dominansi budaya agama lain pada Agama Buddha di Indonesia. Solusinya mencakup dukungan terhadap organisasi Buddhis dan pendidikan umat Buddha mengenai ajaran Dhamma untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan dan solusi terhadap permasalahan terkait puasa dalam Agama Buddha di Indonesia. Kata kunci: puasa; uposatha; agama Buddha; Indonesia This article discusses the practice of fasting in Buddhism, especially Uposatha Day, which has deep spiritual meaning. Fasting in this context involves eight moral rules and five basic rules, and has an important role in self-development and the search for enlightenment. Through literature study, this article reveals that fasting in Buddhism is used as a means to control lust, develop inner calm, and get closer to enlightenment. The article also highlights the procedures for implementing Uposatha Day which is carried out based on the Lunar calendar, as well as discussing problems and questions regarding the practice of fasting in Buddhism in Indonesia. Next, the discussion includes the Uposatha Day calendar system, special rules that must be followed, and activities that Buddhists can carry out while observing the Uposatha. Additionally, the article explores ways Buddhists can increase insight and self-awareness during Uposatha, including through meditation. Research also shows that meditation has an important role in maintaining mental health and improving students' ability to deal with stress. The article concludes by asking critical questions about how to reduce the effects of cultural dominance of other religions on Buddhism in Indonesia. Solutions include support for Buddhist organizations and education of Buddhists in the teachings of the Dhamma to overcome these problems. It is hoped that this article can provide insight and solutions to problems related to fasting in Buddhism in Indonesia. Keyword: fasting; uposatha; Buddhism; meditasi; Indonesia

Krisis pengungsi Rohingya merupakan persoalan serius dalam ranah hak asasi manusia dan migrasi paksa di Asia Tenggara yang menuntut respons kebijakan yang komprehensif dan kontekstual. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana kebijakan perlindungan pengungsi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh dinamika politik Islam, dengan fokus pada tantangan dan peluang yang muncul dalam formulasi dan implementasinya. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan analisis data sekunder berupa dokumen kebijakan, laporan lembaga internasional, serta literatur akademik. Kerangka teori yang digunakan adalah teori politik Islam, yang menekankan prinsip-prinsip empati, solidaritas umat, dan tanggung jawab kemanusiaan dalam konteks negara berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia belum meratifikasi Konvensi Pengungsi 1951, pengaruh nilai-nilai Islam melalui aktor negara dan non-negara mendorong terbentuknya kebijakan yang lebih responsif secara moral terhadap pengungsi, termasuk melalui Perpres No. 125 Tahun 2016. Namun, kelemahan koordinasi antar lembaga, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan absennya regulasi jangka panjang masih menjadi kendala utama dalam perlindungan pengungsi Rohingya. Kata kunci: Diplomasi; Hak Asasi Manusia; Pengungsi; Politik Islam; Rohingya The Rohingya refugee crisis is a critical issue in the realm of human rights and forced migration in Southeast Asia, demanding a comprehensive and context-sensitive policy response. This study examines how Indonesia’s refugee protection policies are influenced by the dynamics of political Islam, focusing on the challenges and opportunities in policy formulation and implementation. A qualitative approach was employed, using secondary data such as policy documents, reports from international organizations, and academic literature. The theoretical framework used is political Islam, which emphasizes principles of empathy, communal solidarity, and humanitarian responsibility in the context of a Muslim-majority country. The findings reveal that although Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention, Islamic values—expressed through both state and non-state actors—encourage the development of morally responsive refugee policies, such as Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016. However, weak inter-agency coordination, limited resources, and the absence of long-term legal frameworks remain key obstacles in providing effective protection for Rohingya refugees. Keyword: Diplomacy; Human Rights; Refugees; Political Islam; Rohingya

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bate manurun dalam konteks budaya Toraja sebagai medium teologi kontekstual dengan pendekatan antropologis. Dalam tradisi Toraja, bate manurun bukan hanya berfungsi sebagai artefak budaya melainkan juga memiliki muatan simbolik dan spiritual yang mendalam. Simbol ini mengandung ekspresi religiusitas yang sangat mendalam mencakup kesadaran akan kesakralan, relasi yang kuat dengan para leluhur, serta harapan akan kehidupan yang kekal. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan model antropologis dari Stephen Bevans, penelitian ini melihat bagaimana makna bate dapat ditransformasikan dalam pemahaman iman Kristen di Toraja. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara dengan tokoh adat dan pemuka gereja. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa simbol ini memungkinkan terjadinya dialog yang hidup antara iman dan budaya, di mana kekristenan dapat mengakar dalam konteks lokal tanpa kehilangan universalitasnya. Dengan mengadopsi pendekatan kontekstual, gereja mampu memberdayakan simbol-simbol lokal sebagai bagian dari pewartaan Injil yang relevan dan transformatif. Kata Kunci: kekekalan, mengilahi; ritual kematian; ritual kehidupan; ritual berpasangan; puya This study aims to explore bate manurun within the cultural context of the Toraja people as a medium for contextual theology through an anthropological approach. In Torajan tradition, bate manurun functions not merely as a cultural artifact but also carries deep symbolic and spiritual significance. This symbol expresses profound religiosity, encompassing a sense of sacredness, strong relational ties with ancestors, and the hope of eternal life. By employing Stephen Bevans’ anthropological model of contextual theology, this research examines how the meaning of bate can be transformed within the framework of Christian faith in Toraja. Data were collected through literature review, field observation, and interviews with traditional leaders and church figures. The analysis reveals that this symbol facilitates a dynamic dialogue between faith and culture, enabling Christianity to take root in the local context without losing its universality. By adopting a contextual approach, the church is empowered to integrate local symbols as part of a gospel proclamation that is both relevant and transformative. Keywords: eternity, deification, funerary ritual, paired rites; puya

Artikel ini berfokus mengkaji proses penciptaan manusia dalam kitab suci Al-Qur’an dan Alkitab. Penciptaan manusia dituturkan oleh Al-Qur’an dalam QS. Al-Mu’minun [23]: 12-14 dan Alkitab dalam Kejadian 2: 7. Dengan tujuan memperoleh hasil yang komprehensif dan menunjukan perbedaan serta persamaan proses penciptaan manusia dalam kitab suci Al-Qur’an dan Alkitab. Penulis menggali data dari berbagai kitab tafsir Al-Qur’an dan juga tafsir atas Alkitab, begitu pula artikel-artikel jurnal yang berkaitan dengan penelitian ini. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dalam Al-Qur’an proses penciptaan manusia ditulis secara bertahap dan lengkap. Meskipun demikian, terdapat persamaan proses penciptaan manusia di dalam kitab suci Al-Qur’an dan Alkitab ialah diciptakan dari tanah. Sedangkan perbedaannya Al-Qur’an menjelaskan proses penciptaan manusia yang dari rahim dengan beberapa tahapan dan evolusi yakni fase nuthfah, ‘alaqah, mudghah, Tulang dan Daging. Sedangkan, Alkitab tidak dijelaskan secara bertahap sebagaimana dalam Al-Qur’an. Hanya dijelaskan bahwa manusia diciptakan dari debu tanah biasa, lalu dihembuskan roh dari surga supaya menjadi makhluk yang hidup. Kata Kunci: Proses, Penciptaan, Manusia, Al-Qur’an, Alkitab. This article focuses on examining the process of human creation in the Qur'an and the Bible. The creation of human beings is narrated by the Qur'an in QS. Al-Mu'minun [23]: 12-14 and the Bible in Genesis 2: 7. With the aim of obtaining comprehensive results and showing the differences and similarities in the process of human creation in the Holy Qur'an and the Bible. The author extracts data from various books of Qur'anic commentaries and also commentaries on the Bible, as well as journal articles related to this research. The author concludes that in the Qur'an the process of human creation is written in stages and is complete. Nonetheless, there are similarities in the process of human creation in the Qur'an and the Bible, namely that they were created from the ground. While the difference is that the Qur'an explains the process of human creation from the womb with several stages and evolutions, namely the nuthfah phase, ‘alaqah, mudghah, bones and flesh. Whereas, the Bible is not explained in stages as in the Qur'an. It only explains that man was created from the dust of the ground, then breathed into him from heaven to become a living being. Keywords: Process, Creation, Human, Qur’an, Bible.

Comfortable with people who different principles/religions and respecting these differences (tolerant), is often suspected of weakening one's religious commitment. Therefore, tolerance is often interpreted as simply allowing differences with all their uniqueness while refraining from all these uniqueness. Through surveys, in-depth interviews, analysis of Homi K. Bhabha's third space, and Frantz Fanon's theory of identity, especially towards Muslim students at Don Bosco Padang High School, this paper proves the opposite. These Muslim students who attend school in a predominantly Christian environment do show a fairly high tolerance, for example being willing to be part of diversity and to be empathetic. However, this coincides with the strengthening of militant attitudes such as seriousness in seeking religious knowledge even outside of school. Also their critical attitude towards school policies that do not accommodate Islamic values.

This article responds to the issue of human rights (HAM) from the perspective of maqâṣidî’s reasoning (maqâṣid asy-syarî‘ah). Considering that human rights violations have always been being a boomerang in the life of Indonesian society. It could be seen like what happened to the Shia people in Sampang whose right have been lost to enjoy their life in peace and worship their religious rights freely and safely in their homeland. A similar case has been experienced by several Ahmadiyah congregations. In this case, the writer elaborates the maqâṣid concept which has been continued its development along the time. According to ‘Izzuddin bin ‘Abd as-Salâm, the purpose of Islamic law is to create benefit and reject the damage for human being, both in this world and in the hereafter. The highest benefit of Islamic law is to maintain and keep the religion (ḥifẓ ad-dîn), soul (ḥifẓ an-nafs), reason (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), descent (ḥifẓ an-nasl), and property (ḥifẓ al-mâl) . These five things are known as aḍ-ḍarûriyyah al-khamsah (the five primary). Later, some maqâṣidî scholars (such as Ibn ‘Âsyûr, ‘Allâl al-Fâsî, Jamâluddîn ‘Aṭiyyah, and Yusûf al-Qarâḍâwî) developed the scope of maqâṣid asy-syarî‘ah. So that, it is not restricted to the five primary matters only, but also to several other primary matters, such as justice, freedom, equality and human rights. On the other side, Muḥammad az-Zuḥailî views that the concept of aḍ-ḍarûriyyah al-khamsah is the basis of human rights itself. Because, ḥifẓ ad-dîn, ḥifẓ an-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, ḥifẓ an-nasl, and ḥifẓ al-mâl do not only mean to maintain, but also include the meaning of rights, namely: the right to religion, the right to life, the right to think and freedom of thought, family rights, and property rights.

Pagebluk or epidemic that we are currently experiencing, namely the corona virus that entered Indonesia since March 2020 has claimed more than 28.233 case of the Indonesian population and has claimed the work of both workers and employees due to Termination of Employment (PHK) due to stalled economic flows both local and global, but it does not stop here because the numbers continue to soar. Not only that a variety of significant implications occur in terms of religion and culture. This paper discusses the role of religion in the community of Ploso village in Ngawi district response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the substance that makes it form and changing occur in society.