This study investigates the continuous-flow hydrolysis reaction of propylene oxide (PO) in a spiral microchannel reactor, integrating experiments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and response surface methodology (RSM). To the best of our knowledge, experimentally determined apparent Arrhenius parameters for PO hydrolysis under microscale continuous-flow conditions remain rarely reported, and afterwards they were incorporated into CFD-based numerical simulations. This combined experimental–numerical framework provides a robust methodology for quantifying and optimizing liquid-phase kinetics in microscale flow environments. Subsequently, CFD simulations were employed to examine key process parameters, including reaction system temperature, inlet flow rate, and reactor length. Finally, RSM was utilized to identify the optimal process conditions (reaction system temperature of 298.15 K, inlet flow rate of 6 × 10−3 m·s−1, and reactor length of 4 m), achieving a predicted PO conversion rate of 81.68%. The study provides a reference for designing and optimizing spiral microchannel reactors for PO hydrolysis.

In practical power system operation scenarios, extreme natural weather conditions and fluctuations at both the supply and demand sides pose significant challenges to the stable operation and the formulation of operational decision-making for power systems. Particularly in extreme scenarios involving faults, it may lead to power supply–demand imbalances and instability in the power system. To address this issue, this paper proposes a decision-making approach for the secure and stable operation of power systems using a multi-scenario-based optimization model. Initially, a joint scenario set is generated using historical operational data to accurately depict multiple complex scenarios. Building on this, a multi-scenario-based optimization model is constructed, with responses facilitated by flexible adjustment resources within the system. Considering the non-convex and nonlinear characteristics of the model, an improved Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm is employed to search for the global optimal solution. Finally, a modified IEEE-33 bus test system is utilized to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

In the ultra-high water cut stage, unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs suffer from severe reservoir property time-variation, streamline solidification, and inefficient water circulation. To tackle these problems, this study takes Chengdao Oilfield Block 1G as an example and establishes a dynamic geological model considering permeability time-varying characteristics based on logging, core, and production data. The flow field intensity index and streamline solidification rate are introduced to quantitatively characterize the preferential flow channels and high water-consumption zones. Results show that long-term water flooding increases the average permeability by 26.88% and expands the interlayer permeability ratio from 10.33 to 19.00. The streamline solidification rate reaches 75%, forming obvious “short-circuit” circulation. Three remaining oil enrichment patterns are identified, which are mainly controlled by sedimentary microfacies, structural highs, and well pattern control. A differential regulation strategy including 3D well pattern reconstruction and streamline diversion is proposed. Field prediction indicates that the cumulative incremental oil can reach 410,000 tons and the recovery factor is enhanced by 1.3%. This study not only reveals the dynamic evolution mechanism of flow field under water-rock coupling effects but also provides a practical technical system for flow field regulation and remaining oil tapping in similar offshore ultra-high water-cut unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs.

The accumulation of petroleum-based plastics demands sustainable alternatives such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable polyesters synthesised by numerous prokaryotes. However, high feedstock costs limit their commercialisation. This study evaluated cocoa mucilage, an underutilised by-product of the Ecuadorian cacao sector, as a low-cost carbon source for PHA production by a wild-type strain isolated from cocoa fruit residues. Bacteria were recovered from cocoa mucilage and pod shell fractions and screened for PHA accumulation by Sudan Black B staining with UV–Vis spectrophotometric confirmation. A single PHA-positive isolate, designated Priestia aryabhattai strain NBP01-UTN (GenBank accession OR567321.1; 99.88% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the type strain B8W22T), was recovered from the cocoa shell surface—representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of a PHA-producing P. aryabhattai from cacao fruit residues. Fermentation conditions were optimised using the response surface methodology with a central composite design evaluating temperature, pH, and ammonium sulphate concentration. The fitted quadratic model was highly significant (R2 = 0.978, p < 0.0001), indicating that temperature and nitrogen limitation were the dominant factors. Optimal conditions (40 °C, pH 7.30, 0 g·L−1 (NH4)2SO4) yielded 0.496 g·L−1 PHA at 24 h (productivity ≈ 20.7 mg·L−1·h−1). Notably, no external nitrogen supplementation was required, as the endogenous nitrogen in cocoa mucilage sufficed to sustain growth whilst triggering the nutrient imbalance needed for PHA biosynthesis. FTIR and DSC analyses provided spectroscopic and thermal evidence consistent with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), although definitive monomer-level confirmation requires GC–MS or NMR spectroscopy. These results demonstrate the feasibility of coupling a locally isolated wild-type strain with cocoa mucilage to produce bioplastic within a circular bioeconomy framework.

Air pollution has drawn increasing attention. The channel-type structure, as an ideal energy-saving and resistance-reducing strategy for air filters, can effectively lower filtration resistance. However, current commercial channel-type filters generally exhibit only medium or low filtration efficiency, and the use of plant fibers as raw material limits their application in high-efficiency filters. In this study, high-efficiency glass fiber filter paper was combined with a channel-type structure, and the formulation and processing techniques suitable for the channel-type design were systematically investigated, leading to the fabrication of channel-type high-efficiency filters. The optimal formulation was determined to be a blend of glass wool fibers and 6 mm Tencel fibers in a 6:4 ratio, coated with a thermosetting resin, which yielded filter paper suitable for wave-pleating. The resulting filter paper demonstrated a filtration efficiency of 99.9624%, a pressure drop of 265.6 Pa, and a pleat aspect ratio of 0.209. Using this formulation, pilot-scale filter paper was produced and wave-pleated under processing conditions including a roller speed of 5 m/min, a roller gap of 0.4 mm, and a roller temperature of 160 °C, which was then used to fabricate channel-type high-efficiency filters. The finished channel-type filters achieved a filtration efficiency of 99.9940% with a pressure drop of 164.0 Pa. Compared to traditional pleated filters of the same volume and efficiency rating, the channel-type filter exhibited a 49.53% larger filtration area, a 33.13% lower face velocity, and a 31.67% reduction in pressure drop. This work offers a novel approach to reducing resistance and enhancing efficiency in air filtration systems.

Recent exploration highlights the Gulong Sag as a promising target for tight oil in the Fuyu oil layer. However, the distribution of high-quality reservoirs remains poorly understood due to complex depositional and diagenetic controls, posing significant exploration risks. To address this, this study integrates petrological, mineralogical, and pore structure analyses to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of reservoir quality and identify favorable exploration targets. The sandstones are predominantly fine-grained lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites, characterized by abundant volcanic lithic clasts and muddy matrix. Four diagenetic facies were identified based on diagenetic assemblages and pore evolution. The chlorite pore-lining facies and moderate compaction–dissolution facies exhibit the highest reservoir quality (avg. porosity of 10.42% and 9.79%, respectively), benefiting from chlorite coatings that inhibited quartz overgrowth and intense dissolution that created secondary porosity. In contrast, the tightly compacted facies and carbonate-cemented facies represent unfavorable reservoirs (avg. porosity of 7.02% and 6.17%, respectively) due to the occlusion of pore throats by muddy matrix and early carbonate cements, respectively. The distribution of these facies is governed by the coupling of sedimentary environment and diagenetic alteration. Benefiting from superior sedimentary conditions and proximity to source rocks, the first member of the Fuyu oil layer developed extensive favorable facies (chlorite pore-lining facies and moderate compaction–dissolution facies), making it the primary exploration target. This study demonstrates how depositional compositions and diagenetic processes jointly control reservoir quality in tight sandstones, providing important insights for the exploration of analogous tight oil reservoirs.

Epoxy encapsulation is widely used in dry-type transformer windings to improve insulation performance and mechanical robustness. However, significant thermo-mechanical residual stresses can be introduced during curing and cooling due to material property mismatch, leading to cracking and reliability concerns. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the evolution of thermal-mismatch-related residual stress in epoxy-encapsulated windings and to develop a reliability-oriented improved curing process. A representative encapsulated winding structure and a conventional industrial curing schedule are first modeled, and the evolution of the epoxy degree of cure is calculated based on curing kinetics. The obtained cure history is then coupled with a transient thermo-mechanical finite-element model that incorporates cure-dependent material properties to evaluate the residual stress distribution. The simulation results indicate pronounced stress concentration in specific regions of the encapsulation, which corresponds well with typical cracking locations observed in practice, demonstrating the validity of the proposed approach. Based on this model, several modified curing temperature profiles are further investigated to clarify the effects of temperature levels and dwell times on the development of residual stress. Finally, a reliability-oriented curing process improvement is identified, which effectively reduces stress concentration and mitigates cracking while maintaining adequate curing reliability.

The rapid accumulation of plastic and biomass waste has emerged as a major environmental and resource management challenge, driven by increasing global consumption, low recycling efficiency, and the long-term persistence of waste in natural ecosystems. Conventional valorization routes such as pyrolysis, gasification, reforming, and fermentation provide promising pathways for converting waste into fuels and chemicals, yet their industrial deployment remains constrained by thermodynamic limitations, tar formation, catalyst deactivation, high energy demand, and complex downstream separation requirements. Despite increasing research activity, a comprehensive review that systematically addresses membrane reactor (MR) mechanisms, configurations, and their specific applications in the valorization of both plastic and biomass waste remains lacking in the current literature. In recent years, MR technology has attracted increasing attention as a platform for process intensification, integrating reaction and selective separation within a single unit. By enabling in situ product removal, MRs shift reaction equilibria toward higher conversion, selectivity improvement, and a reduction in separation severity and overall energy consumption. This critical review provides a unified and systematic assessment of MR technologies for the valorization of plastic and biomass waste. Reactor configurations, membrane materials, transport mechanisms, and catalytic systems are comprehensively examined, with particular emphasis on hydrogen-selective, oxygen-permeable, and water-selective membranes and their roles in reforming, tar mitigation, and syngas upgrading. The techno-economic and environmental implications of MR integration are critically discussed, together with current technology readiness levels (TRLs) and scale-up challenges. Overall, this review highlights MRs as a versatile and enabling platform for next-generation waste-to-value technologies and outlines their potential role in supporting the transition toward circular, low-carbon fuel and chemical production.

This study optimized the extraction, purification, and structural chemical characterization of polysaccharides from fruitless wolfberry bud tea (FWP), and evaluated their antioxidant activities against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Crude FWP was obtained by ultrasonic-assisted water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize decolorization using D301G macroporous resin, achieving a decolorization rate of 74%, a polysaccharide retention rate of 85%, and a protein removal rate of 61%. Two main purified polysaccharide fractions, FWP-1 (52.3 kDa) and FWP-2 (9.95 kDa), were isolated by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. Structural analysis revealed that FWP-1 was a neutral heteropolysaccharide rich in glucose and galactose, while FWP-2 was an acidic polysaccharide with a high content of galacturonic acid. In H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cells, both polysaccharides significantly enhanced cell viability, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, scavenged excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential. FWP-2 exhibited stronger ROS-scavenging capacity than FWP-1. This study established reliable methods for the purification and characterization of FWP, and verified their potential as natural antioxidants against neuronal oxidative injury.

Accurate wind power prediction during ramp events remains challenging due to wind speed volatility. This study proposes a hybrid forecasting framework combining improved variational mode decomposition (VMD), a novel ramp factor (RF), and the Informer model. First, a dynamic adaptive VMD method is employed to filter noise and identify abrupt wind speed changes. Subsequently, a similar period matching algorithm, enhanced by the RF and wind speed similarity coefficients, captures historical convergence features. Finally, the Informer network fuses these features with NWP data. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms existing models in accuracy during ramp events, enhancing grid stability.