The main objective of this study was to create much more accurate maps of the ‘dissection depth’ and ‘dissection density’ in Mongolia, considering both the vertical and horizontal directions. To achieve this, two digital evetation models (DEMs) were used: the MERIT DEM with a spatial resolution of 90 meters and the ASTER DEM with a resolution of 30 meters. Some adjustments were made to rectify errors in relatively flat areas. The entire territory of Mongolia was selected as the study area, resulting in the creation of 2,865,000 grids with a resolution of 1 km. For each grid, the minimum and maximum values, as well as the length of dissection, were estimated. Finally, an interpolation method was used for mapping the depth and density of the dissection. The utilization of digital elevation models in the dissection map has exposed certain inaccuracies in flat areas. Consequently, the MERIT DEM has been selected as the favored alternative. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the disparities between the dissection depth map and the relative elevation map, as both play a vital role in comprehending and applying the concept of dissection depth. The maps of the dissection density and depth have proven to be highly valuable in the field of geomorphological and landscape research, as well as in the classification of origin groups and typological classification.

In the first part of the article, the author compares various definitions of digital economy and spells out his own version of its essence and content. He defines digital economy as one of the models of new economy based on digital technology system. The author believes that digital technology system consists of various technologies, such as Big Data, high-speed wireless Internet, blockchain, cloud computing, Internet of things, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, virtual reality and others. The second part examines the current state of development of digital economy in various sectors of the economy and notes that the development of digital economy is led by the telecommunications industry, followed by the financial sector. The author emphasizes the need to develop a specific state policy to support the development of digital economy and suggests some ways to further expand it.

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of morphological and functional indicators depending on sports specializations among distinguished Mongolian female athletes. Our study involved 123 athletes aged 18-34 in six sports disciplines and the body composition of the athletes were measured by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Physical performance was assessed by Harvard Step Test, alongside spirometry and physical fitness tests. Sports specializations affect the indicators of physical development and body composition of athletes, which revealed significant differences between them. According to the Harvard Test, 85% (34) of team sports athletes, 53.4% (31) of martial arts athletes received good and excellent marks. High-ranking Mongolian male athletes have different body compositions according to various sports disciplines and one can create a profile of an athlete within specific sports. Many years of training can improve an athlete’s performance. The cardiovascular function of athletes involved in martial arts quickly returns to normal after training.

As Thomas Kuhn stated in his book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", revolution is an example of advanced science made by a successful paradigm shift from one to another. At that time, Kuhn's idea was a revolution in itself, becoming the primary method for scientific change. It became a basis for science paradigm policy shift and since, has been a model for gradual reform. Identifying and incorporating this model into the countries' scientific policy and reform is extremely important. The applicability of the used model can be judged by the outcomes resulting in the paradigm shift. By the way, not every scientific progress results in revolution. However, we would like to note that a laggard period with weak mental development is ended by an intellectual outburst. In other words, although in the 17th century, Mongols accepted Tibetan medicine within the framework of the "Four Medical Tantras" with recognition and common scientific mind, later in the 18th century, they thought beyond the box of the "Four Medical Tantras" and created the opportunity to develop a new paradigm. This shift made a valuable contribution to the establishment of, in a broader sense, Mongolian medicine and, in a narrow sense, traditional Mongolian medicine.

Soil erosion is a serious issue that is caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Natural processes, including water and wind erosion, as well as higher temperatures, have been identified as leading causes of soil erosion. Additionally, anthropogenic factors, such as urbanization, road construction, agriculture, industry, mining, and others significantly contribute to this problem. These factors have resulted in the loss of biological productivity of the land and have inflicted damage on the entire ecosystem. Since 2000, soil erosion and desertification have become even more severe, exacerbating the problem. The soil of Mongolia, characterized by an arid and semi-arid climate with low precipitation and high temperature fluctuations, is highly susceptible to erosion with approximately 55% of it being classified as high or very easy to erode. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the natural processes and anthropogenic factors that contribute to soil erosion, as well as the current status of soil in various regions of Mongolia.

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-organic sleep disorders and sleep quality, using a structured psychiatric interview following screening through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among the general population. This nationwide population-based cross-sectional study was carried out between August and October 2020 and involved 964 participants (74% women, mean age: 40.72±14.34) who were randomly selected from 64 clusters in 10 sites of Mongolia. 27.9% of the study participants were evaluated as having non-organic sleep disorders based on the diagnostic guidelines of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification (ICD-10). The prevalence of non-organic sleep disorders differed in age (p<0.001). Non-organic sleep disorders were related to age, employment, diastolic blood pressure, sleep quality, and quality of life. The prevalence of non-organic sleep disorders in the general population of Mongolia was calculated as 27.9%, while the prevalence rate of the poor sleep quality was 42.2%.

In this study, the efficient micropropagation protocol of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge was established and also triterpenoid saponin and polysaccharide content in ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of different samples were determined by using spectrophotometric methods to investigate whether the content of biologically active compounds depends on the stage of development of the plant during in vitro culture. The content of total saponins and polysaccharides in different cultures of A. mongholicus grown in vitro was higher (990 and 505 μg/ml) in ethanol extracted 14-day-old young shoot samples than in 28-day-old propagated shoot samples and rooted shoots.

In this paper, we present results obtained from the flux tubes between a quark and an antiquark in SU(3) pure gauge lattice field theory. We fit the transverse distribution of the energy density and the parallel components of the chromoelectric and chromomagnetic fields with several functions and used the coefficients obtained from the fit for computation of the width of the flux tube. Subsequently, we looked into in the dependence of the width of the flux tube on the distance between the static quark-antiquark sources and temperatures. Finally, we compared our results with those from other similar studies. We observed that the numerical value of the width of the flux tube computed from the pure gauge theory is larger than that from the full QCD theory, and the width of the flux tube widened until Tc, and then decreased above the critical temperature.