The efficiency of sulfoxaflor, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid and azadirachtin were evaluated against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on tomato under field conditions. Two experiments in season 2021 showed that sulfoxaflor , cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid were the most effective insecticides compared to azadirachtin. Sulfoxaflor gave the highest reduction of B.tabaci one day after treatment (initial kill). The results also showed that the infestation of B.tabaci can be greatly reduced by spraying sulfoxaflor and cyantraniliprole. Tomato fruit yield was significantly increased after an application of all the tested insecticides when compared to untreated control. All the insecticides caused a slight but significant decrease in fruit quality attributes. Overall, our findings indicated that sulfoxflor and cyantraniliprole can suitably be included in IPM program of whitefly control in tomato. However, the potential side effects on tomato fruit should be considered.

The insecticidal activity of biochar that prepared from Ficus nitida tree residues at 500 and 700οC °C was evaluated against some stored product insects Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica and Oryzaephilus surinamensis, alone and as a carrier for the frankincense essential oil (Boswellia sacra) after 0, 15 and 30 days storage periods. The results showed the O. surinamensis was the most susceptible and the biochar prepared at 500οC was the most active against all tested insects. Also, the toxicity increased with increasing storage period only against R. dominica. The formula was more toxic than biochar or oil alone, especially against T. castaneum. The elemental analysis showed low carbon and high oxygen contents in the biochar 500 and the FTIR analysis showed a large number of functional groups on biochar 500 compared to biochar 700 which may attribute to the slightly higher toxicity of biochar. SEM images of the ventral surface of treated O. surinamensis showed the adhesion of biochar on all body parts, Moreover, the sensilla within the external surface of the elytra are partly absent. Our results suggest the promising use of biochar against some stored product insects and can be effectively loaded with other safe chemicals, more studies are needed to understand its effects on insects.

Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) is a key pest affecting many field crops and vegetables in Egypt. Therefore, in the current study, the susceptibility of the 2nd instar larvae of S. littoralis laboratory strain to eight insecticides was investigated and the insecticide resistance levels of two field populations were monitored. The two populations were collected from two governorates in Egypt, namely El-Monufia (MS) and El-Fayoum (FS). Resistance monitoring showed that the field population from El-Fayoum was highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinotram, and spinosad. However, the El-Monufia field population only exhibited high resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinosad. The relative toxicity showed that the laboratory strain is highly sensitive to EMB (LC50= 0.001 ppm) followed by spinotram (LC50= 0.006 ppm), chlorantraniliprole (LC50= 0.008 ppm), spinosad (LC50= 0.008 ppm), and indoxacarb (LC50= 0.021 ppm), while chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and alpha-cypermethrin exhibited low toxicity to the laboratory strain of S. littoralis. Moreover, the biochemical determinations of detoxification enzymes revealed that carboxylesterase (α, and β -esterase), and AChE activity were significantly increased in the FS population. Thus, Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) showed significant increase in the two populations.

Based on the analysis of the literature data and specimens from museum and private collections the checklist of species belonging to the genus Sophrops Faimaire, 1887 has been collated. Each species is presented with its full synonymy, bibliographical data, and distribution in alphabetical order. For 15 species, a new taxonomic status has been proposed. The new distributional data of some species are given.

The aim of this study was to determine the species composition and structure of thrush nest oribatocenoses under urban conditions in Slovakia and Germany and to further determine the influence of some environmental variables on the oribatid mite community. A total of 1,623 individuals of oribatids in different stages of their life cycles belonging to 53 species and 24 families were identified in a total of 43 nests. Of these, 24 species were recorded in Slovakia, 45 species were recorded in Germany, 20 species occurred in song thrush nests, and 49 species occurred in Eurasian blackbird nests. A total of 17 species were common to both types of nests. A total of thirty species recorded in this study were found in bird nests for the first time. There was a significant difference between the nest species compositions in different localities and between the nest oribatocenosis abundances for the two studied thrush species.

The peach fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered a major destructive pest for fruits and some vegetables. Toxicity of Spinosad mixtures with each lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oils were evaluated against Bactocera zonata (Saunders, 1841) adults in a lab by feeding method. The study proved that mixing LC25 of spinosad with LC25 of the plant oils showed a high percentage of mortalities than using each compound individually. The mixture of spinosad with each lemongrass and sesame oil strongly affected the longevity of males (39.66 and 35.66 days) and females (54.33 and 53.33 days), respectively. Also treating insects with the tested mixtures adversely affected the egg numbers(28.7, 21.3), hatchability (46.66 and 33.33) of the deposited eggs, percentage of pupation (29.0 and 42.0), and percentage of adult emergence (20.33 and 36.66). Fractionation of proteins by SDS-PAGE showed that some protein bands were missed or expressed under stress of the spinosad, lemon grass, sesame oil and their mixtures.

The effects of UV-C irradiation on the size of male and female reproductive organs, reproductive performance and total protein amount in reproductive organs of Tribolium castaneum Herbst (1797) resulted from 0-d-old pupae exposed to 1-to-64 min were determined. UV-C irradiation from 4 to 64 min, resulted in a reduction in size of the gonads. The degree of atrophy increased as the increase of irradiation time where long duration of radiation resulted in decreasing on the size of testicular lobe, rod-shape accessory gland, tubular accessory gland and lacking of seminal vesicle in male beetle. Radiation for more than 4 min also reduced the size of germarium, lateral oviduct and lacking oocyte in ovarioles. No egg chamber formed in UV-C radiation groups for 8, 16, 32, and 64 min. Reciprocal crosses of female adults emerging from UV-C radiated pupae for 4 min and control or UV-C radiated male showed the decreased number of eggs laid and hatching rate compared to the control. Interestingly, the sterility index was 100% when UV-C radiated male was mated with UV-C radiated female. In addition, UV-C radiation clearly reduced the total protein amount in the reproductive organs of T. castaneum which correlate with the reduction on the size of reproductive organs.

The article reports on the first record of Stegania trimaculata (de Villers, 1789) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) from western Poland. Its distribution in Europe and beyond is discussed, with particular focus on its eastward expansion and possible colonization of western Poland. The presence of this species in Asian countries is questioned in the light of possible confusion with Stegania dilectaria (Hübner, 1790) (Lepidoptera, Geometridae).

The biodiversity of the invertebrate community in the soil is greatly influenced by the presence of earthworms, which are also influenced by variations in the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the soil as well as the climate and the entire ecosystem that surrounds it. Biodiversity under an olive tree growing in a cold semi-arid climate with specific agricultural practices is the subject of this study, while highlighting the particular effect of earthworms on invertebrates collected by naked eye and by the Berlese extractor from a soil volume of 30cm3, in ten sites under the adjacent periphery of olive trees randomly designated from an orchard of 45 years old in Ain Touta region in eastern Algeria in spring period of 2020 years. A large variability in the diversity and evenness indexes is recorded between the study sites. It reached a value of H'= 1.78 and E = 0.85 at site where there is a greatest abundance of earthworms. The dominance index is between C=0 and C= 0.12. The results show a greater number of earthworm with an average of (130.00 I/m2±69.10), and average biomass of (83.36 g/m2± 53.31). The percentage of juvenile is higher than adult worms. Pearson correlation matrix reveals a strong negative effect of adult worms on Acari with -0.90, then on the Carabids with -0.74. The principal component analysis allowed a finding of the significant effect of adult, the abundance worms and their biomass on Acari, Carabids and small Dipteran larvae.

Toxicity and biology studies were conducted on certain insecticides that belong to different chemical groups, namely malathion (organophosphate group), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid group), and spinosad (Benzophenyl urea group), and on lemon-grass and sesame oils as natural oils against adult male and female Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841). They were carried out under laboratory conditions, and results were taken after 24h post treatment. Lambda-cyhalothrin was the most toxic on males and females of B. zonata at LC25 of 0.017 and 0.04, followed by spinosad with LC25 of 1.15 and 1.29, respectively. However, malathion was the least toxic to males and females, showing LC25 of 18.53 and 12.24, respectively. The same results were obtained at LC50, as lambda-cyhalothrin was the superior toxicant with LC50 of 0.65 and 1.008, followed by spinosad of 2.56 and 3.53, respectively. Furthermore, the natural sesame oil, Sesamum indicum (Linnaeus, 1753), was more toxic than lemon-grass oil to the males of B. zonata with LC25 of 0.06 and 0.08, respectively. Lemon-grass oil, Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf, 1906), was more toxic to females than sesame oil with LC25 of 0.05 and 0.07, respectively. At LC50, lemon-grass was more toxic than sesame on both males and females. In addition to the biological effects, results showed a significant reduction in the oviposition and post-oviposition periods of adults treated with different tested compounds, compared to the control group. Moreover, all tested compounds significantly decreased fecundity, hatchability, longevity, pupation, and the emergence of B. zonata adults, when compared to the untreated groups.