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  • Research Article
  • 10.1055/a-2809-7206
Anticandidal and Antibiofilm Activity of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis.
  • Mar 2, 2026
  • Planta medica
  • Maria Alyce Albuquerque Fernandes + 8 more

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen whose virulence factors, such as polymorphism and biofilm formation, facilitate infection. Due to rising antifungal resistance, essential oils (EOs) from Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis are being investigated for their antimicrobial potential. This study analyzes the chemical composition, antifungal activity against Candida albicans in planktonic and biofilm forms, cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes, and pharmacokinetic properties of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis essential oils. The essential oils were extracted from the leaves by hydrodistillation, and their composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Antifungal activity was assessed using broth microdilution and time-kill kinetics. Combined effects were assessed using checkerboard assays, while antibiofilm tests were evaluated using polystyrene plate assays and microscopy. Hemolytic activity tests were performed using percentage hemolysis. C. limon essential oil had limonene 40.8%, β-pinene 16.5%, and citronellal 12.3%, while C. sinensis had limonene 36.7%, β-pinene 14.6%, and eucalyptol 10.5% as its main constituents. The MIC was 0.312 - 1.25 mg/mL, with kill kinetics of up to 10 h. It showed additive effects for C. limon/fluconazole and synergistic effects for C. sinensis/fluconazole. It exhibited anti-adhesion and anti-polymorphism effects, inhibiting biofilm formation. It also exhibited low cytotoxicity, with an LC50 of 14 000 µg/mL for C. limon and 13 000 µg/mL for C. sinensis. ADMET and BOILED-egg pharmacokinetic predictions indicated safety for systemic use, with caution for topical application of limonene, citronellal, and eucalyptol. Both EOs exhibited strong anti-Candida activity with minimal cytotoxicity. Its additive/synergistic effects with fluconazole highlight its potential as an alternative or adjuvant therapy against C. albicans infections.

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815118
Bioactivity assessment of european Phellinus spp.: Antibacterial and antioxidant potential
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • E Zapora + 17 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815244
Chemical and biological investigation of rhizospheric Streptomyces from Ebenus sibthorpii
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • S Mavrakou + 8 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815036
Saponins and phenolic compounds in Quillaja brasiliensis leaves: In situ histochemical localization and anthelmintic activity
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • F Wallace + 4 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815376
Safety and physiological effects of granodiorite as a feed additive for enhancing quality and muscle and fat composition in Korean beef
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • S-M Lee + 2 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1814899
Interactions in medicinal plant-based antimicrobials: synergy, antagonism and all that goes in between
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • S Van Vuuren + 5 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815253
Unveiling the hidden potential of hop extraction side streams: Chemical profiling and bioactivity
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • L Sammet + 2 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815249
Exploring the neuroprotective potential of Cecropia peltata: Insights from in vitro and Drosophila melanogaster models
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • K Castillo + 2 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815406
Investigation of natural products from medicinal cannabis as SARS-CoV-2 infectivity inhibitors
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • R Bahij + 1 more

  • Conference Article
  • 10.1055/s-0045-1815159
Ability of flavonoids to inhibit intestinal α-glucosidases
  • Mar 1, 2026
  • Planta Medica
  • P Harčárová + 2 more