Abstract: Global migration, which became widespread in the second half of the twentieth century, has become not only an important factor in social transformations but has also caused significant changes in the ethno-national context. The dynamic nature of contemporary migration flows requires constant study of changes in the mechanisms and strategies of national identification and state formation. Thus, the urgency of the problem, as well as the insufficient theoretical and practical development, determined the relevance of conducting a study in this area. The study used systematic analysis, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, empirical approaches (document analysis, content analysis, and observation), modeling and deconstruction. The study aims to examine how migration affects national identity and state institutions, accounting for opportunities and obstacles for state-building initiatives.

Abstract: An important aspect of globalization is the role of science and technology whereby nations and regions exhibit their capacity for scientific and technological innovations. Even though ideas, knowledge and expertise have no borders, some areas are better positioned to embark on scientific discovery and innovation than others. Even though production of scientific knowledge in one area ultimately spills over in another, differences are likely to continue. Scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs are highly mobile professionals who move easily beyond local and regional economic opportunities. These experts appear to prefer to locate in areas with sound scientific research and innovation infrastructure on the one hand and intellectual and scientific brain power on the other.

Abstract: Status characteristics including race, sexuality, and gender identity play a significant role in people's access to health and healthcare coverage. Despite documented disadvantages across these individual statuses (e.g., race), little research has investigated how the intersection of statuses affect health coverage. Drawing on an intersectional framework, this study uses data from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the association between health insurance and the intersections of race-ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity (n=206,338). This study offers three important contributions to the research literature. First, this study represents one of the first to examine the intersection of important social status characteristics and health insurance status. Second, this study examines three indicators of healthcare coverage including status (i.e., insured or not), type (i.e., public, private, employer-based, or none), and denial of coverage (i.e., insurance refused to pay for cancer treatment). Third, we investigate healthcare disparities using data representative of thirty-two states that more holistically assess people's healthcare status and allow for greater generalizability. Findings show that Hispanic straight cismen are the least likely group to have insurance. White trans adults appear to be more likely to have insurance than many other groups. Trans adults are more likely to have public insurance if they are ethnoracially marginalized. Straight Black women have high likelihoods of their insurance denying coverage. These findings highlight critical gaps in access to healthcare and myriad disadvantages in coverage. Efforts to improve population health would benefit from an intersectional lens that focuses on how multiple status characteristics shape people's access to healthcare across the life course.

Abstract: Morocco has witnessed profound socio-economic and cultural transformations as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Although access to education and employment is unequal between men and women, the decline in fertility has triggered social mutations ranging from the lessening of the patriarchal system to the empowering of women. Each woman’s experience of gender inequality is different, depending on how her gender intersects with other factors such as disability, social class, age, place of residence, degree of autonomy and so on. These intersections create a unique experience of exclusion and marginalization, which has an impact on the risks and experiences that shape her fertility intentions. The gender-intersectional approach highlights the relationships between women’s social identities well beyond gender and the multidimensional nature of risk and exclusion concepts. Women who belong to a marginalized group such as those with a low level of education or a low wealth quintile, for example, are subject to increased discrimination and exclusion, particularly in terms of access to employment, education or health services. We used data from the latest National Population and Family Health Survey (NPFHS) held in 2018. The results show that the intention of transition to the third child occurs among women who are illiterate, inactive, victims of violence and have little decision-making power regarding their employment opportunities. In terms of spatial analysis, the transition to a third child occurs among women who live in an unequal relationship with their partners. However, this relationship is stronger in rural areas, where the perception and value of children is still high.

Abstract: The demographic theory of fertility has interested prominent scholars for more than a century. Most recently and notably, Greenhalgh (1994), Van de Kaa (1995), de Bruijn (2006) and Leridon (2015) have dedicated their works to the analysis of the established demographic theories. They have provided a typology and analysis of demographic theories of fertility and illuminated many components of the latter, including the logic of theories’ development and evolution, their multidisciplinary nature and their “anchors” in the existing body of knowledge in their respective broader fields. Still, scholars acknowledge … “we still have no universally accepted explanation for why the Western post-war baby boom occurred, and why it ended. Nor do we have any clear idea of how fertility will evolve in countries where it is currently below replacement level. Homo demographicus is yet to be born…” (Leridon, 2015). The proposed agenda for advancing demographic theories include linking them to their predecessors in social sciences, analyzing them from the theory construction standpoint, providing distinctions between several branches of each of these theories, and outlining a strategy for the integration of compatible parts of these theories.

Abstract: This study investigates whether convergence or divergence in divorce trends occurred in two countries with common history and legislative framework measured both by transversal and cohort methods and tries to predict some short-term trends as well. Slovakia and Czechia are countries with a common history and divorce legislation, in which the post-1989 social transformation began at the same time as the start of independent development. It is therefore possible to compare retrospectively the transformation of marital dissolution over three decades in the context of social transformation as well as the development in separate state units. Despite the attractiveness of research so focused, there are surprisingly few comprehensive comparative studies of marital dissolution in such countries. Several transversal and longitudinal indicators have been calculated to compare both countries in the last three decades. A synthetic index of differentiation has been applied then. The Arima model for prediction has been applied and qualitative assumptions on divorce factors are discussed, too. Seemingly clear differences and developmental patterns in the intensity of divorce measured in a transversal way are not as evident in the case of longitudinal analysis of marriage cohorts. The reality of the transformation of family dissolution is simply more complex; the factor of the changing timing of the process – the duration of a marriage – also comes into play and cohort analysis is essential in discovering the changing divorce patterns.

Abstract: Social characteristics related to mortality, such as hierarchy or family structure, are generally represented as a unidimensional scale. This is inconsistent with much of sociological theory, which represents hierarchy as a multidimensional, or partially ordered, scale. We utilize Bourdieu’s tripartite concept of Capital – Economic, Cultural and Social – to conceptualize social hierarchy and construct appropriate scales. We combine these with measures of Household Structure to investigate their relation to male and female aggregate mortality. Using data for Australian small statistical areas (SA2) from the census of 2011, we regressed male and female standardized mortality (SMR) on the scales for Capital and Household Structure, with controls for State/Territory, Remoteness, and Indigeneity of the SA2. We find that Economic and Cultural Capital significantly reduce mortality, while Social Capital has a smaller effect, significant only for males; Family Structure is at least as important as Capital in explaining levels of mortality; Geographic location, namely State/Territory and degree of Remoteness, are significant determinants of mortality risk and Indigenous areas are at a heavy disadvantage, even when we account for all other social and situational characteristics. We conclude that social space, as measured by scales of social hierarchy and family structure, is multidimensional. To understand fully why mortality is higher in some areas than in others, we need to bring together theory and data.

Abstract: Despite actions taken by the Indian government to improve national, regional, and village-level sexual and reproductive health, 49 million women still have unmet contraceptive needs. Yet, when granted access, women disproportionately elect for irreversible methods such that India has the highest female sterilization rate in the world. Building on these insights, the present study examines associations between women’s empowerment (e.g., cooking, shopping, and family-planning autonomy), region (e.g., Hills, North, and East), and use of contraception (i.e., any and type). Data for this study comes from ever-married, reproductive aged women in the 2005 and 2012 waves of the India Human Development Survey (n=38,634). Results from multilevel logistic models showed that higher levels of women’s empowerment are associated with greater probability of using contraception, and after disaggregation, relying on female sterilization. Furthermore, region of residence modifies associations such that women residing in the North Central and North are typically less likely to utilize contraception. Across empowerment levels, residents of the West and South consistently have higher levels of contraceptive use. This study highlights the importance of women’s empowerment for contraception as well as regional differences in reproductive healthcare access, views of contraception, and long-term impacts of fertility planning programs.

Abstract: Despite the continuous decline in fertility since the 1950s, several African nations, including Nigeria, have continued to experience population growth. Previous research has concentrated on how socioeconomic and fertility-related factors influence fertility outcomes in developing countries. It is crucial to understand the dynamics of fertility in Nigeria, a country with rapid population growth, to lower the total fertility rate (TFR), particularly in regions prone to rapid population expansion, which in turn affects the rate of development. This study sought to examine the factors influencing fertility outcomes in Nigeria. Using zero-inflated Poisson regression models, this study examined recent data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to determine the factors with the greatest influence on fertility in the country. The findings indicate that the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of women influence their fertility. In addition, proximate factors such as contraceptive use, marital status, and abortion were also significantly associated with fertility. Recommendations are made to the government, policymakers, and local stakeholders to maintain a national policy for citizens and development that aims to improve the education of young girls and extend their ages at first sex (and, consequently, their ages at first birth) through extended schooling. Finally, greater emphasis should be placed on promoting knowledge of the use of contraceptives.

Abstract: This study analyzes the influence of local labor market characteristics on student dropout pathways in Morocco. Beyond individual determinants, early school leaving may depend on dropouts’ local environment. This study mobilized original empirical material that combines individual and spatial data from Morocco’s 75 provinces. First, we conducted a cartographic analysis of 10- to 14-year-old children who left the education system and were employed in the Moroccan space. Second, we analyzed the spatial impact of risks related to local labor market specificities on early school leaving. The results revealed a local labor market impact on the decision to drop out of school children who left school to enter the labor market early. Therefore, the spatial transmission cut-off of intergenerational school failure requires multidimensional action in areas with a high risk of dropping out. Our findings indicate a need for coherent and transversal public action (education/employment) and improved social and spatial targeting of social protection to improve local labor market functioning and secure educational and professional trajectories of pupils in compulsory education.