In India, studies on above-ground biodiversity have received more attention than those on below-ground biodiversity. With this view, systematic surveys for earthworms were carried out in the Western Ghats mountain range of Kerala state in southwestern corner of Peninsular India. This research resulted in three new records for the state, viz. Drawida nandiensis Stephenson, 1924, D. nepalensis Michaelsen, 1907 and Celeriella bursata Jamieson, 1977. Among these, D. nandiensis and D. nepalensis, are recorded for the first time from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Previously D. nandiensis and C. bursata were known only from their respective type localities. With the addition of three species the total number of earthworm taxa reported from Kerala state has raised to 128 and now the Western Ghats mountain ranges has 271 species of earthworms.

Academician János Balogh was one of the most outstanding acarologists of his time. During his collecting expeditions around the world, he amassed an internationally significant collection of mites and described more than 1,000 species of oribatid mites. This outstanding collection is now housed in the Hungarian Museum of Natural History. In this article, we summarise the results of the revision of his collection and adapt the nomenclature of the species to the current taxonomy. A total of 1142 Oribatida species names are reported that can be attributed to the work of János Balogh, Judith Csiszár or Péter Balogh. Of these, we found the holotypes of 674 species in the collection, and the holotypes of 289 species that should be in the collection according to the literature appear to be missing. In addition, we also report names described by J. Balogh and P. Balogh in 2002 that do not meet the current ICZN requirements and should be considered nomina nuda, as follows: Acroppia papuana J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Cavernocepheus obliquus P. Balogh, 2002; Cavernocepheus undulatus P. Balogh, 2002; Dimidiogalumna walworki J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Dolicheremaeus berlesei J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Flagroscutobelba simillima J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Galumna engelbrechti J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Malaconothrus valeriae J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Paulinacarus sarkari J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Pedrocortezella pletzenae J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Pulchroppia mahunkarum J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Rhysotritia niedbalai J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Scapheremaeus hammerae J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Scutobelbella permixta J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002; Trimalaconothrus multipilosus J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002. In addition, three other replacement names have been synonymised because the secondary homonymy no longer exists, namely Megascheloribates pajaki J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002 (= Scheloribates (Scheloribates) microsetosus (Lee & Pajak, 1990)); Pedrocortezella pletzenae J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002 (= Pheroliodes africaus (Balogh, 1966)) and Unguizetes hammeri J. Balogh & P. Balogh, 2002 (= Chamobates (Chamobates) javensis (Hammer, 1979)).

The Korean distribution of the winter stonefly genus Eucapnopsis Okamoto, 1922 is reviewed, on the basis of available published and recently collected materials. Three species are confirmed: E. brevicauda (Claassen, 1924), E. jirisana sp. n. and E. koreensis sp. n. Previous records of E. quattuorsegmentata Okamoto, 1922 refer to E. brevicauda, while previous records of E. stigmatica Okamoto, 1922 probably refer to E. koreensis. The species Eucapnopsis koreensis is widespread and common in South Korea, while the transpacific E. brevicauda is rare in the country, and E. jirisana appears to be confined to the Jiri Mts. No records are known from North Korea. South Korean records are depicted on a map.

In our third paper on the Caucasian Trichoptera we have described 56 new caddisfly species mostly from Georgia: Wormaldia felkora Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., W. goderdza Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., W. halchala, Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., W. kintrisha Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., W. omala Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., Tinodes doberad Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., T. radzen Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Plectrocnemia arasbaranica Ibrahimi & Oláh sp. nov., P. kartlia Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., P. kopetdagha Oláh & Ibrahimi sp. nov., P. mashukana Oláh sp. nov., P. mingrelica Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., P. svanetica Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., P. ucnobi Oláh sp. nov., P. gomista Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., P. kintrisha Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Cheumatopsyche busherica Oláh sp. nov., C. erzincana Oláh sp. nov., C. iorica Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Hydropsyche dashbasha Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., H. iorica Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., H. gaghma Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., H. akhalchala Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., H. goderdza Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., H. mestia Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., H. tsabnara Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Agapetus akhalchal Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., A. bakhmar Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., A. lashijal Memishishi & Oláh sp. nov., Micrasema kaskadian Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Thremma kintricum Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., T. adjaricum Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Martynomyia bakhmara Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., M. kintrisha Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., M. omala Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., Drusus akhalchala Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., D. gudaur Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., D. kheled Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., D. zekar Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., Sakala gourica Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., S. javaketica Oláh & Vinçon, sp. nov., Rizeiella bakhmara Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., Stenophylax botos Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., S. chokhiensis Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., Ernodes gouriensis Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., Cerasma artvina Oláh sp. nov., C. bakhmara Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., C. goderda Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., C. goma Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., C. kintrisha Memishishi & Oláh sp. nov., C. zarzma Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., Notidobia kintrisha Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., N. kvariati Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., N. marielucae Oláh & Vinçon sp. nov., N. vekona Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov., Setodes ioricus Oláh & Memishishi sp. nov. The following 13 species are recorded as new for the Georgian Fauna: Wormaldia daga Oláh, 2014, Lype phaeopa Stephens, 1836, Plectrocnemia rizeiensis Sipahiler, 1987, Cheumatopsyche flavellata Mey, 2004, Hydropsyche sciligra Malicky, 1977, Agapetus caucasicus, Martynov, 1913, Hydroptila armathai Schmid, 1959, H. taurica Martynov, 1934, Stactobia wimmeri Malicky, 1988, Limnephilus auricula Curtis, 1834, Stenophylax meridiorientalis Malicky, 1980, S. solotarewi (Martynov, 1913), Triaenodes kawraiskii Martynov, 1909.

The earthworm genus Megascolex Templeton, 1844, is restricted to Peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Herein this work the status of the two endemic Megascolex subspecies, namely, M. konkanensis longus Stephenson, 1915, and M. cochinensis phaseolus Stephenson, 1915, are revised based on a collection of specimens from the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve of Kerala State, India, where the type locality Parambikulam is situated. Detailed descriptions of M. konkanensis longus Stephenson, 1915 and M. cochinensis phaseolus Stephenson, 1915 are provided along with illustrations of the key characters. Based on the current study, both subspecies are elevated to species rank as M. longus and M. phaseolus.

In this work we describe 47 new Trichoptera species most of them from Georgia: Wormaldia kala sp. nov., W. khizabavra sp. nov., W. kokoa sp. nov., W. kulbaka sp. nov., W. lopota sp. nov., W. varjanulia sp. nov., Tinodes abana sp. nov., Plectrocnemia zekaria sp. nov., Hydropsyche adjaria sp. nov., H. gouria sp. nov., H. svanetica sp. nov., Rhyacophila aragva sp. nov., R. chakvistskala sp. nov., R. kakhetia sp. nov., R. kokoa sp. nov., R. namona sp. nov., Agapetus kintrisha sp. nov., Thremma balcanum sp. nov., T. svaneticum sp. nov., Martynomyia svanetia sp. nov., M. zazai sp. nov., Apataniana bakhmara sp. nov., A. gouria sp. nov., Drusus stephantsmind sp. nov., Badukiella markha sp. nov., Kelgena bakhmara sp. nov., K. bellae sp. nov., K. goderdza sp. nov., K. lapankura sp. nov., K. levani sp. nov., K. samtskha sp. nov., K. tetnulda sp. nov., K. tobara sp. nov., K. vekona sp. nov., Rizeiella keda sp. nov., R. sashuala sp. nov., R. tbetia sp. nov., R. varjana sp. nov., Stenophylax almat sp. nov., S. kulbak sp. nov., Ernodes bakhmarensis sp. nov., E. mingreliensis sp. nov., Schizopelex akhalchala sp. nov., S. mingrelia sp. nov., S. jvaria sp. nov., S. masula sp. nov., S. nazhala sp. nov. Moreover, 9 other species are new for Georgia: Wormaldia hoska Oláh, 2020, W. obola Oláh, 2020, W. sakaorum Oláh, 2020, Diplectrona robusta Martynov, 1934, Rhyacophila kora Oláh, 2020, Agapetus caucasicus Martynov, 1913, Lepidostoma iranicum Schmid, 1959, Grammotaulius nigropunctatus (Retzius, 1783) and Ernodes ordubadensis Oláh & Kerimova, 2020. The family Uenoidae and the genus Thremma are new for Georgia.

Freshwater biodiversity in the Maghreb region remains largely unexplored, providing significant opportunities for further discovery. Algerian caddisflies have received relatively little attention. The present study aims to fill gaps in caddisfly taxonomy and distribution by conducting a comprehensive survey of rivers and streams in northeastern Algeria, with a focus on collecting adult caddisflies. Through our research, we identified a total of 28 species from Algeria, and a new caddisfly species, Hydropsyche tenerifa, collected in the Canary Islands, expanding our knowledge of the caddisfly fauna in North Africa. Among these discoveries, we describe 15 new species (H. cherfa, H. makhloufa, H. seybousa, H. algirica, H. dbabcha, H. farrahae, H. guitna, H. chenioura, H. edougha, H. louara, H. vinconi, H. linae, H. nardjissae, Agapetus ferrerasi, A. yasminae) from Algeria and reclassify three subspecies or varieties as distinct species (Wormaldia numidica, Thremma africanum, Mesophylax hoggarensis). In addition, our surveys led to the discovery of three previously unrecorded caddisfly species (Lype reducta, Lepidostoma kumanskii, and Adicella syriaca) in Algeria, as well as the expansion of the known range of seven additional species. These results underscore the importance of the Maghreb's freshwater biodiversity and highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding of caddisfly taxonomy in the region. By providing a clearer taxonomy and distributional framework for caddisflies, our research establishes a solid foundation for future monitoring and conservation initiatives targeting these important aquatic insects and the ecosystems they inhabit.

The rare and beautifully colourful old-world Parasetodes is a so-called set-aside genus with unsettled taxonomy. For instance, a recent survey (Malicky 2006) has synonymised all the Palaearctic and Oriental species to the type species Parasetodes respersellus (Rambur, 1842). The diverse forewing pattern, as a potential diagnostic character state is liable to disappear rapidly in alcohol or denuded and faded even on dry pinned specimens. In this revision we have delineated species by the ventral, surface-perpendicular profile of the dorsal arm of gonopod, the titillating plate, as well as by the lateral profile of the phallic organ and increased the species number of the genus from 12 to 45 describing 33 new species from the Palaearctic, Oriental, and Afrotropical fauna regions. Palaearctic fauna region: Parasetodes temirlik Oláh & Salokannel, sp. nov., Oriental fauna region: P. bali Oláh, sp. nov., P. baoloc Oláh, sp. nov., P. borneo Oláh & Mey, sp. nov., P. dalat Oláh, sp. nov., P. gunung Oláh & Mey, sp. nov., P. hoang Oláh, sp. nov., P. indicus Oláh, sp. nov., P. kambait Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. lamdong Oláh, sp. nov., P. madacus Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. maechaem Oláh & Mey, sp. nov., P. maehong Oláh & Mey, sp. nov., P. namgen Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. nokrek Oláh & Mey, sp. nov., P. pahang Oláh, sp. nov., P. ratnapur Oláh, sp. nov., P. sinicus Oláh, sp. nov., P. tumbang Oláh & Me,y sp. nov., P. umran Oláh & Mey, sp. nov. Afrotropical fauna region: P. amboas Oláh, sp. nov., P. ambovom Oláh, sp. nov., P. barnardi Oláh, Johanson, Mey & Salokannel, sp. nov., P. caprivi Mey & Oláh, sp. nov., P. ikeleng Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. kindam Oláh, sp. nov., P. mahajan Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. meyan Oláh, sp. nov., P. rwandicus Oláh & Me,y sp. nov., P. sikasso Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. tinko Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov., P. weytus Mey & Oláh, sp. nov., P. zambicus Oláh & Johanson, sp. nov. We have reinstated the species status of P. aquilonius Yang & Morse, 1997 stat. restit., P. ussuriensis Martynov, 1935 stat. restit., P. bakeri (Banks, 1913) stat. restit., P. kiangsinicus (Ulmer, 1932) stat. restit., P. maculatus (Banks, 1911) stat. restit., raised the taxonomic status from subspecies to species rank of Parasetodes tanganicanus Marlier, 1956 stat. nov., and transferred Triaenodes demoulini Jacquemart, 1966 to Parasetodes as P. demoulini (Jacquemart, 1966) comb. nov.

An updated checklist of 191 Plecoptera species currently known from the Italian region is presented. Four new species are described: Protonemura marilouae sp. nov. from Calabria and Sicily, P. olahi sp. nov. from the central Apennines (Abruzzi), Leuctra stronensis sp. nov. from the Pennine Alps and L. trecimensis sp. nov. from the Dolomites. The males of Protonemura hirpina Consiglio, 1958b, and Leuctra silana Aubert, 1953b, are re-described, and their females are described for the first time. Four taxa are raised from subspecies to species rank: Protonemura padana Vinçon & Ravizza, 2005, Leuctra aubertorum Ravizza & Ravizza Dematteis, 1994a, L. orsiera Ravizza & Vinçon, 2003 and L. incudensis Vinçon & Ravizza, 2000b. Nemoura banatica Kis, 1965 is restored as a valid species, removed from synonymy with N. marginata Pictet, 1836, and its male is re-described. Protonemura beatensis robusta Berthélemy, 1963 is declared to be a junior synonym of P. salfii (Aubert, 1954c). Taxonomical notes on problematic species are added. The present checklist is the result of the compilation of published and unpublished data collected by the first three authors between 1974 and 2023. Distribution, altitudinal range and flight period of all species are summarized in table I. The altitudinal limits of nearly all orophilic Plecoptera species of the Italian Alps and Apennines are shown to have shifted to higher altitudes over a period of 30 or more years. An exhaustive bibliography of the original species descriptions of the Italian Plecoptera fauna is provided.