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INVENTARIOS DE MARIPOSAS (LEPIDOPTERA PAPILIONOIDEA) DE BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL EN COLOMBIA Y COSTA RICA METODOLOGÍAS, PERSPECTIVAS E INFORMACIÓN DERIVADA

La situación actual del Bosque Seco Tropical (Bs-T) es preocupante, al ser uno de los ecosistemas en más alto riesgo, con pequeños remanentes en matrices inconexas. En el conocimiento de mariposas diurnas, países como Costa Rica han trazado objetivos ambiciosos integrando en los inventarios códigos de barras de ADN, reconocimiento de formas inmaduras y plantas hospedantes; ocupando uno de los primeros lugares con información pública integral, validando el uso de las mariposas diurnas y su información genética no solo como organismos objetivo de la conservación, sino también como herramientas de monitoreo. En Colombia, los esfuerzos son incipientes, pero de importancia. En este artículo se ilustran los enfoques de inventarios de mariposas de Bs-T en ambos países, las metodologías usadas, las intensidades de muestreo y los objetivos planteados. A la fecha, en Costa Rica existen secuencias de códigos de barras para 26.480 individuos y datos que integran morfología, molecular y estados inmaduros para 537 especies. Para Colombia el número de especies de Bs-T es aproximadamente 662, habiendo iniciado recientemente la incorporación de códigos de barras con 1.693 secuencias disponibles que corresponden a 173 especies. Al comparar las especies características de Bs-T se registran 120 especies en común, para las cuales Costa Rica ha documentado la biología y ecología incluyendo plantas hospedantes.

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COWPEA MOSAIC VIRUS (CPMV) AS A CARRIER FOR NEW CHLOROQUINE DERIVATIVES AS ANTICANCER AGENTS, MODIFICATION AND APPLICATION

Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) such as Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV) can be used for a broad range of medical applications because they are inexpensive to produce, safe, biodegradable, and efficacious as treatments. Additionally, they can be easily modified chemically and genetically. Thus providing an efficient drug delivery platform can target specific cells and tissues. This paper explores the use of CPMV as epitope-carrying nanoparticles for two new chloroquine derivatives and as a new tool in breast cancer therapy. Two derivatives derived from the reaction of 4,7-dichloroquine with (doxorubicin and docetaxel) which were synthesised and fully characterized in previous work to produce (CQ-DOX and CQ-DOC) were conjugated to the external carboxylates of CPMV. The number of each derivative has been calculated by using a florescent dye to be 87± 2 and 79±1, respectively. The effectivity of attached and unattached CQ-compounds to the CPMV,s surface was investigated by MTT assay and ADPI loaded stain, and the IC50 for each CQ-derivative with and without conjugation with CPMV was evaluated to be (70.395µg/ml for CQ-DOX and 14.384µg/ml for CQ-DOC) before modification while, cytotoxic activity enhanced after modification to be 0.015 nM and 0.038 nM respectively.

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