ABSTRACT This article compares the Hong Kong strike of 1925/6 with the 1937 Trinidad summer strikes and riots and brings together these events that took place in two separate, far-away British colonies. It provides a fuller understanding of the common factors in the two cases including British imperialist rule aligned with the interests of large corporations, the degradation of the workforce, and the absence of legal and civil rights. The ferocity of those involved was on view with the British resorting to killings, beatings, imprisonment, and outlawing of seditious materials. In contrast, the strikers and their political and trade union leaders sought to overturn centuries of injustice by any means including the destruction of property, attacks on the forces of law and order, sabotage, and stoppages of their own work and that of others. The differing causes and consequences of the two strikes are evaluated. Both colonies’ worker struggles were given support by the British labour movement, and such backing pressurised the British government to seek some form of resolution of the disputes. However, Britain’s labour movement support was limited by ideological splits that hindered a coherent defence of those workers on strike.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to identify micro-level processes shaping the narratives surrounding regional opportunity spaces. A process perspective is applied to examine how place leaders engage in shaping narratives to influence the perception of opportunity spaces. The empirical research is based on a comparative case study of four peripheral regions in Germany, comprising 92 interviews with regional stakeholders and two cross-regional focus groups. The findings emphasise the central role of place leadership in shaping the perception of regional opportunity spaces, illustrate the various pathways of changing dominant narratives (e.g., endogenous or exogenous) and provide a multiple-phase framework for their analysis.

ABSTRACT Building on the prior short-term outcome evaluation, we conducted a mid-term outcome evaluation of the Community College to PhD (CC2PhD) Scholars Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. This novel undergraduate research and PhD preparation programme intentionally prepared community college sophomores for future engagement in upper-division research and PhD preparation at their forthcoming transfer university. We conducted semi-structured interviews and surveys with seven CC2PhD alumni 2 years after they completed the programme. At the time of the 2-year follow-up, CC2PhD alumni were generally undergraduate seniors. We conducted a thematic analysis of interview data and examined descriptive statistics of survey data. We identified six themes. The first through fifth themes were that CC2PhD helped programme alumni (a) make informed decisions about continuing or ending their pursuit of academia as a prospective career, (b) apply for upper-division research opportunities, (c) conduct upper-division research, (d) engage in PhD preparation, and (e) start research and PhD preparation earlier as a transfer student. The sixth theme was that some of our alumni still struggled with transfer-student-specific institutional barriers to upper-division research and PhD preparation despite being relatively prepared. While it might not entirely nullify institutional barriers, our results suggest that assisting community college students with applying for research opportunities, conducting research, and engaging in PhD preparation can positively impact their community-college-to-PhD journey.

ABSTRACT Maintaining high animal welfare in zoos is a persistent concern for practitioners and regulators, yet assessing welfare remains challenging. Welfare assessment techniques should be rapid and noninvasive, as traditional methods are often invasive, time-consuming, or costly. Qualitative Behavioral Assessment (QBA) is a promising alternative to ethograms. This study evaluated QBA’s usefulness in assessing behavior in ten captive black rhinos in a UK zoo by comparing it with ethogram data. QBA descriptors meaningfully overlapped with ethogram behaviors, for example, agonistic behaviors like horn clash aligned with Angry, Startled, and Nervous, while playful behaviors like head fling matched Lively and Excited. Correlations emerged between techniques; for instance, naso-nasal greeting and environmental investigation correlated with Active and Interested, while tactile contact negatively correlated with Angry and Nervous. Individual rhinos accounted for ~35% of (co)variation, with coefficient plots identifying significant key ethogram behaviors/QBA descriptors. The strong overlap within a joint model suggests QBA is a valuable welfare assessment tool that complements ethogram data collection for this species.

ABSTRACT Research shows that sexual and gender minorities (SGM) consistently encounter conflict with religion. However, the emerging literature suggests that harmful effects are contingent on how religious SGM manage conflict between their identities. While there is a limited but growing body of evidence exploring how SGM navigate potentially conflicting identities, what remains unknown are the predisposing factors that determine which identity management strategies are used. Using qualitative techniques, this study explored the experiences of Christian SGM in Australia, and unearthed narratives surrounding the underlying factors that influence management strategy adoption. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed using an inductive approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: Christian salience in childhood influences experiences, negative religious messaging promotes conversion efforts, internalised prejudice and intersections with mental health, religiosity promotes concealment and a desire to change SGM identity, exposure to affirming congregations fosters psychosocial health, and religiosity outside of Church improves wellbeing. Together, these themes substantiate the detrimental effects of hostile religious messaging and exemplify the safeguarding effects of SGM affirming congregations. Environmental and social influences (e.g. congregational support) were identified as predecessors to management strategy adoption, and as such, we introduce the Religious-SGM Identity Management Model.

ABSTRACT This essay examines the impact of Donald Trump's decision to withdraw the United States from the Paris Climate Accord for a second time. While US participation has traditionally been viewed as essential to the treaty's success and viability, this essay suggests that American involvement has, more often than not, been a destabilising force in global climate governance, with its domestic political volatility, obstructionism, and repeated cycles of withdrawal and re-engagement consuming far too much diplomatic energy and limiting the ambition and efficacy of agreements. The essay thus argues that the US should make this most recent withdrawal permanent, and that Democratic lawmakers should resist the temptation to re-join the treaty in the future. It suggests that a long-term US absence could empower alternative leadership models, reduce negotiation friction, and empower regional and subnational actors, thereby fostering more resilient and ambitious global action.

ABSTRACT This article investigates the geography and additionality of university–industry collaboration by evaluating unique ‘university-centred’ cluster programmes in Japan. Utilising micro-data from official statistics and databases of publications and patents, we empirically compare the effects of cluster policy on academia and industry by employing fixed effect panel linear regression. Academic participants significantly increased the share of patents in science and technology output, suggesting a shift of research orientation towards more applied research and development. Academic participants located inside the local cluster areas significantly increased their patent applications, while firms’ location does not matter for science and technology output.

ABSTRACT The High Arctic region warms at a rate three to four times greater than the global average. By 2040, the North Pole is projected to become partly ice-free and navigable. Given this approaching reality, this study discusses how environmental sociology contributes to understanding coastal communities’ relationships to their seascapes and adaptive responses to a transforming Arctic region. Frozen Arctic seas can be situated within two social ontologies. Sea ice is simultaneously integral to the existence of a living homeland for Arctic peoples and a source of obstruction for domestic and destinational shipping that also serves global commercial markets. We elaborate on this duality from the point of view of Arctic residents, by presenting the coastal communities’ relationship with ice in time of increasing shipping activities. Furthermore, we explore the significance of social ontologies for adaptive responses in a more navigable Arctic Ocean, underscoring the importance of situating the discussion of local adaptive responses within the emerging field of marine sociology.

ABSTRACT Mass influx of Muslim refugees in Germany has reported a parallel rise in “Islamophobia” in the country, which includes systematic “othering” of Muslims. Muslim school-going students, who constitute for a significant proportion of the migrant population in Germany, cannot be isolated while addressing issues of discrimination and exclusion. As societal anti-Muslim rhetoric spill over into classrooms, playgrounds and schools; minority students become particularly vulnerable to religious bullying. This research study aims to empirically understand the lived experiences, realities and challenges of a Muslim student (10–18 years) attending a German public school. Using a purposive snowball sampling, 16 students and 5 parent participants from Munich were interviewed. Qualitative findings, derived from theoretical coding of data, contributed to the conceptualization of a unique model of school-based religious discrimination. The model, based on the narratives of the study participants, details upon the possible locations, sources, types and effects of religious bullying on Muslim migrant students.