A new species of Portulacaceae from the Amazonian savannas of northern Brazil is herein described and illustrated. Portulaca eggliana is morphologically related to P . umbraticola , but differs in the number of involucral leaves, sepal morphology, bracteole shape, and seed surface. Photographs, a line drawing, and notes on taxonomy, phenology, distribution, habitat, conservation status and etymology are also provided.

In the present communication 10 lichen species are reported as new records for India, viz. Byssoloma marginatum , Byssoloma xanthonicum , Chapsa boninensis , Coenogonium nepalense , Lecania cyrtella , Malmidea albomarginata , Myriotrema thailandicum , Myriotrema viride , Rostania occultata and Wirthiotrema duplomarginatum. Notably, B. marginatum , Malmidea albomarginata , R. occultata and W. duplomarginatum are documented as the first records for Asia. The lichens were collected from three districts of Arunachal Pradesh. These findings further enrich the lichen flora of Arunachal Pradesh.

We describe Stachytarpheta forzzae , a new species from an inselberg located in the municipality of Guaratinga, state of Bahia, within the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Morphologically, it resembles S. sprucei , the only other species of the genus known to inhabit inselbergs. Both species share winged branches, petiolate leaves, 4‐toothed calyces, and blue corollas. However, S. forzzae can be distinguished by its sparsely strigose branches, leaf blades with abundant capitate glandular trichomes, sparsely strigose along the veins, wider and oblanceolate bracts, with the basal third fused to the calyx tubes, acuminate or cuspidate at apex, and calyces densely minutely strigose on the inner surface. Importantly, the presence of fused bracts to the calyx tubes is recorded for the first time within the genus, representing a diagnostic trait of the new species. Furthermore, differences in trichome structure, especially the number of cells in both glandular and non‐glandular types, and in the pollen grain margin, provide additional evidence supporting the separation of these two species. Known from just a single collection record, S. forzzae is assessed as ‘Critically Endangered' due to anthropogenic pressures on its habitat, the ‘Pedra do Oratório' inselberg. It is noteworthy that the discovery of this new species stemmed from an initial record on iNaturalist, underscoring the increasing relevance of citizen science platforms in biodiversity research and conservation.

Here we describe two new species of Inocybe from pine forests of Pakistan; I. hazarensis and I. shimlaensis . Morphological and molecular data show that these species have not been described before and hence need to be described as new. Both species are smooth‐spored and pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe. Inocybe hazarensis is characterized by rather small size, brown to dark brown, dense radial fibrils to rimose to glabrous pileus with prominent umbo, finely fibrillose at apex only becoming pruinose to strigose, along rest of length of stipe, slightly bulbous stipe base, narrow basidiospore spores and smaller clavate, oblong, ovoid, narrowly utriform cheilocystidia. Inocybe shimlaensis is characterized by brown to golden pileus, low and broad umbo, radially fibrillose, rimose to granulose, with brown appressed‐squamulose stipe with only apex pruinose and submarginate base. Anatomically, it has small (6.8 × 4.4 μm) basidiospores and smaller conical to fusiform cheilocystidia. Phylogenetic estimation based on DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes is congruent with the morphological characters that help to delimit these as new species of Inocybe .

Aster tongrenensis (Asteraceae), a remarkable new species from Guizhou, China, is here described, illustrated and compared with related taxa based on integrated evidence from morphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny. Morphological and micromorphological observations indicate that A . tongrenensis is most similar to A . saxicola , but can be distinguished from the latter by its glabrous (versus puberulent) stem, green (versus purplish‐red) phyllary apices, capitula 1.3–1.8 cm in diameter (versus 2.4–3.3 cm in diameter), disc florets number (8–10 versus 10–18), and sparsely strigose and minutely stipitate glandular achenes (versus puberulent and densely strigose). Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and ETS sequence data support the close relationship between A . tongrenensis and A . saxicola . The new species is a fertile diploid plant and its karyotype is 2n = 18. Preliminary data on its ecology, distribution, and conservation status (assessed as ‘Data Deficient', DD) are provided.

Amphitecna brevicalyx (Bignoniaceae), a new tree species endemic to Mexico is described and illustrated. Its cauliflorous inflorescences, featuring a single flower per shoot and funnelform corollas without a transverse fold in the throat, place it within the Amphitecna macrophylla group. This species is distinguished by its large corollas and a spathe‐like, circumscissile calyx that is soon deciduous – features not previously reported in the Mexican Amphitecna species. Moreover, its remarkably reduced calyx, covering less than one‐fourth of the length of the corolla, is unique among all known species of the genus. Its conservation status and morphological similarities are discussed. The species is found only in the humid karst forests of southern Mexico, recognized as centers of endemism where unusual traits frequently evolve.

Begonia chunxiuensis , a new species from Guangxi of China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to B. sinovietnamica and B. aurora , but differs from them by its narrowly triangular stipules, leaf blade that is adaxially green, dark green to viridian, pinkish‐white to white villous, but abaxially light green with red veins, red to pinkish‐white villous, and convex anther apex. It also differs from B. sinovietnamica by smaller staminate flowers. The new species is currently known from only two subpopulations and is assessed as ‘Data Deficient' (DD) according to the IUCN red list categories and criteria.

The species Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha (Orchidaceae) are both declining in Europe, but P. bifolia has been diminishing relatively more. Loss of habitats and landscape heterogeneity due to agricultural intensification or abandonment of less fertile areas are primary drivers of decreasing orchid populations. We measured reproductive traits (fruit and flower count per plant, fruit weight, seed number and weight, the proportion of seeds with embryos and germination success) to compare the reproductive success of the two species in different habitats across Estonia. Platanthera chlorantha tends to reach its full fruiting capacity in smaller size classes, despite a relatively low base level. Germination success was low for both species but twice as high for P. chlorantha than its congener. We propose that higher proportion of embryos in fruits of P. chlorantha in shade and woodland growing conditions is related to higher availability of diverse pollinators. Platanthera chlorantha , albeit growing on its northern distribution limit in Estonia, seems to be tolerating the abandonment of its habitats more effectively than P. bifolia , at least with respect to reproductive performance traits.

The new species Drimia courtallensis from the Nellai Wildlife Sanctuary of Tamil Nadu, India is described and illustrated. It is similar to Drimia razii ,in its necked bulb, hysteranthous nature, lax inflorescence and diurnal flowers on moderately short pedicels but it can be distinguished by its broader linear‐lanceolate leaves (230–420 × 6–15 mm), longer flowering scape (210–310 mm long) and longer inflorescence of 10 to 30 pale yellowish‐green flowers on pedicels 4–6 mm long.