References Abdullah, Hannah, Paul Costello, Kristine Berzina, Sophie Arts, Parker Nash, Rachel Tausendfreund, Brock D. Bierman. 2023, October 12. "Why Does Aid to Ukraine Matter?" German Marshall Fund. https://www.gmfus.org/news/why-does-aid-ukraine-matter-our-experts-weigh Accessed November 27, 2023. Caprile, Anna. 2022. "Russia's War on Ukraine: Impact on Food Security and EU Response". European Parliament Research Service. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2022/729367/EPRS_ATA(2022)729367_EN.pdf Accessed December 5, 2023. European Union. 2023. "Helping Ukrainians: How You Can Donate and Engage". European Commission https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_en Accessed November 27, 2023. Farago, Jason. 2022, July 17. "The War in Ukraine is the True Culture War". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/15/arts/design/ukraine-war-culture-art-history.html Accessed September 5, 2023. Guardian. 2023. "Battlefield Deaths in Ukraine Have Risen Sharply This Years, Says US Officials". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/18/ukraine-russia-war-battlefield-deaths-rise Accessed September 11, 2023. Larcan, Alexandre. 2023, September 4. "Damaged Cultural Sites in Ukraine Verified by UNESCO". UNESCO. Accessed September 5, 2023. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/damaged-cultural-sites-ukraine-verified-unesco Nick, I. 2023. "Name of the Year Report 2022". NAMES: A Journal of Onomastics 71, no. 1: 63¬¬–79. UN. 2023, May. "Ukraine Emergency". Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees. https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/ Accessed December 5, 2023. UN. 2023, July 31. "Ukraine Civilian Casualty Report Update 31 July 2023". Office of the High Commissioner. https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/07/ukraine-civilian-casualty-update-31-july-2023. Accessed September 10, 2023. UN. 2023, August 29. "A/HRC/52/CRP.4: Conference Room Paperof the Independent International Commission of Inquiry in Ukraine". Office of the High Commissioner. Accessed September 5, 2023.

References Brezianu, Andrei and Vlad Spânu. 2007. Historical Dictionary of Moldova. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. Brustein, William. 2003. The Roots of Hate: Anti-semitism in Europe before the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Evans, R. J. W. 2006. Austria, Hungary, and the Habsburgs: Central Europe c. 1683–1867. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Farkas, Tamás. 2012. "Jewish Name Magyarization in Hungary" E-Journal of the American Hungarian Educators Association 5:1–16. Farkas, Tamás. 2015. "Changing Names as Abolishing the Difference: Personal Names as Ethnic Symbols, Characteristics of Surname Changes and the Magyarization of Surnames in Hungary". Létnük 3:27–39. Gammerl, Benno. 2018. Subjects, Citizens and Others: Administering Ethnic Heterogeneity in the British and Habsburg Empires, 1867–1918. New York: Berghahn Books. Heppner, Harald. 2020. "A Review of Empty Signs, Historical imaginaries: The Entangled Nationalization of Names and Naming in a Late Habsburg Borderland". Austria History Yearbook 53:234–235. Ioanid, Radu. 1996. "Romania" in The World Reacts to the Holocaust, edited by David S. Wyman. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Judson, Pieter M. 2016. The Habsburg Empire: A New History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Maitz, Péter, and Tamás Farkas. 2015. Der Familienname als Nationalsymbol: Über den Untergang deutscher Familiennamen im Ungarn des 19. Jahrhunderts. [The Family Name as a National Symbol: The Demise of German Family Names in 19th Century Hungary]. Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 36:163–196. Mihok, Brigitte and Richard Levy. 2005. "Romania (1878-1920)" In Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, edited by Richard Levy. New York: ABC-CLIO, 617–619. Mitchell, A. Wess. 2018. The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Nick, I. M. 2022. "Nazis, Lies, and Lullabies: A Case Study of Charactonyms in the National Socialist children's Book Trau kein Fuchs auf grüner Heid". NAMES: A Journal of Onomastics 70, no. 4: 43–57. Nick, I. M. 2019. Personal Names, Hitler, and the Holocaust: A Socio-Onomastic Study of Genocide and Nazi Germany. New York: Rowman and Littlefield. Rennick, Robert. 1970. "The Nazi Name Decrees". NAMES: A Journal of Onomastics 18, no. 2: 65–88. Pesty, F. 1864. Pesty Frigyes helnévgyüjteménye, 1864–1865: Széföld és térsége [Friges Pesty's Collection of Toponyms, 1864–1865: the Szeklerland and the Surrounding Environs]. Budapest: Székely National Museum of Romania. Pesty, F. 1864. Pesty Frigyes kéziratos helységnévtárából, 1864: Bihar varmegye [Friges Pesty's Place Name Directory of 1864: Bihar]. https://mek.oszk.hu/01700/01776/. Varga, Bálint. 2016. The Monumental Nation: Magyar Nationalism and Symbolic Politics in Fin-de-siècle Hungary. New York: Berghahn Books. Vermes, Gábor. Hungarian Culture and Politics in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1711-1848. New York: Central European University Press. Viragh, Daniel. 2014. Becoming Hungarian: Jewish Culture in Budapest, 1867-1914. PhD. dissertation, University of California Berkeley. Accessed August 10, 2023. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4gn0m7zd

Proper names habitually express the cultural and social characteristics of a group; therefore, they express collective confirmation of a sense of self-image, affiliations, and emotional anchors. The goal of this investigation is to help deepen our understanding of the onomastic identity revealed in the collective discourse and manifested through the memetic features of onyms. The research presented here consolidated onomastics, psycholinguistics, memetics, and cultural studies. The focus of this investigation is on the changing collective onomastic identity in the Ukrainian society. The data for this research was gathered from two free associative experiments carried out with Ukrainian respondents in 2006 and 2021. In both years, respondents were presented with identical lists of stimuli. Both corpora reveal proper names with memetic features that were preserved in collective memory.

The Misfits. By James Howe. New York: Simon and Schuster. 2021 (28th edition). Pp. 304. $8.99. (Paperback). ISBN 13: 978-0-689-83956-6.

This study examines Japanese Sign Language (JSL) toponym distribution by categorizing 184 JSL endonymic toponyms via the Blair & Tent (2020) Australian National Placename Survey (ANPS) typology. Toponyms from the National Sign Language Toponym Map (Japan Federation of the Deaf et al. 2009) were collected and sorted by categories into a spreadsheet, which maintained token counts. Topographical category distribution shows that the Kinki region, which has a strong historical connection to Japan's national identity, has a disproportionately large number of signs related to commemorative eponyms. Past work on sign language toponyms has demonstrated the salience of social and structural factors on toponym spread and production. This study contributes to the understanding of toponym etiology by revealing how the incorporation of regional identity indices might support the preservation of particular kinds of toponyms.

Baby names are often used to model the mechanisms of cultural evolution, as they are not given arbitrarily but on the basis of their perceived associations. Datasets showing birth registrations over time track changes in these perceptions, and thereby in tastes and ideas. Using birth registration data, numerous transmission biases have been identified that predispose someone to favour one cultural variant (i.e., a name) over another. While this research is facilitated by the annual release of many countries’ birth registration data, these datasets are typically limited to yearly counts of forenames. To gain insight into name transmission biases not detectable from birth registration data alone, this study parses the birth, marriage, and death registers of England to generate a dataset of 690,603 name transmission relationships, given between 1838 and 2014, and linking the names of both parents and child. The data reveal long-term trends in matro- and patronymic naming, once common practices affecting approximately 15% of male and 8% of female records per year throughout the 19th century. These practices declined precipitously throughout the 20th century, in the aftermath of the First World War. These results highlight the importance of contextualising birth registration data when identifying naming trends.

Bessie Smith: A Poet’s Biography of a Blues Legend. By Jackie Kay. New York: Vintage. 2021. Pp. 224. Price $16.95 (Paperback). ISBN 13: 978-0593314271.

The ascription of gender based on the phonological structure of personal names has been documented independently at varying points of time in several countries. This study adds to this work by examining whether the phonology of gendered names is valid synchronically in cross-linguistic comparisons and diachronically across different decades in two linguistically different countries: Korea and the U.S.A. Two types of data were collected: (1) historical onomastic data from birth registries in the Supreme Court of Korea and the Social Security Administration in the U.S.A. from 1940 to 2020, and (2) online survey data from students in Korea and the U.S.A. The results showed a clear pattern of gendered phonology of vowels in names in the U.S.A. through the decades under review. Female names had more vowels and were more likely to end in “a”, “e”, or “i”, unlike male names. In comparison, the pattern in Korean names changed over the decades. In the earlier decades (1940–1999), there was a clear distinction between male and female names based on phonology, especially vowels “a”, “e”, and “i”. Post-2000, however, this distinction was markedly reduced.

There are certain losses that not only shock you, but change you, leaving you with a sadness so deep that it is impossible to express everything you will miss and all that you are so very grateful for. Such is the loss of Dr. Thomas J. Gasque. Thomas was born in Marion, South Carolina on September 6, 1937. 1 He was the second child of Thomas Jefferson Gasque and Margaret Olive Gasque née Reaves. After completing high school, he earned an undergraduate degree from Wofford College, a South Carolinian mainstay. Established in 1851, the College was founded by Reverend Benjamin Wofford and his wife, Maria Barron, to "provide for the moral and intellectual development of South Carolina's next generation of young males" (Wofford College n.d.). After obtaining his degree, Tom left the state of South Carolina and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where he earned his MA from Emory University. He then relocated again to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he earned his PhD in English from the University of Tennessee. With his doctorate in hand, the young professional returned to his native state of South Carolina. For the first few years of his return, he taught at various institution such as Clemson University and Columbia College. Then, in 1968, he landed a permanent teaching position in the English Department at the University of South Dakota, where he served as a member of faculty for more than 30 years. As Tom would later recall, it was there that he would meet someone who would change the course of his personal and professional life. That person was Dr. Edward C. Ehrensperger, one of the founding members of the American Name Society. At the time that the two professors meet, Dr. Ehrensperger was just stepping into retirement after serving as faculty members and chair of the English Department at the University of South Dakota, where the young professor had just been hired. It was there that he joined the ranks of several internationally recognized literary and linguistic scholars. Despite their varying areas of research specialization, each of these scholars had one special intellectual passion in common: names and naming. Soon, this circle of colleagues and friends became one of the most influential generations of scholars within the ANS. The NAMES: A JOURNAL OF ONOMASTICS I. M. Nick ans-names.pitt.edu

Wildfires pose a growing problem in the US and elsewhere. Many US wildfires acquire a name, and the naming of such fires is what this article chronicles. The centerpiece herein is a from-scratch, thousand-fire corpus that we created, for which we can defend the provenance of each fire name and from which we have extracted a tally of how many names derive from each of 43 source classes. The corpus is wide-ranging, with fires that burned in 4 different centuries, 22 decades, and all 50 states. Stream names (hydronyms) are the leading name source for fires in the corpus, followed by summit names (oronyms) and road names (hodonyms).