Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Abstract   The bound state solutions of Dirac equations for cotangent function potential with the Coulomb-type tensor potential under spin and pseudospin symmetric limits are obtained using finite Romanovski polynomials. The approximate relativistic energy spectra are obtained for spin and pseudospin symmetries exactly. The radial wave functions are obtained in terms of Romanovski polynomials in the limit of spin and pseudospin symmetric conditions. The Coulomb type tensor potential removes the doublet degeneracies for pseudospin and spin symmetric cases. The relativistic energy spectrum for the exact spin symmetric case reduces to the non-relativistic energy spectrum in the non-relativistic limit.     Abstrak   Solusi Persamaan Dirac untuk Potensial K otangen dengan Tensor Interaksi Tipe-Coulomb untuk Simetri Spin dan Pseudospin Menggunakan Polinomial Romanovski. Solusi keadaan terikat dari persamaan Dirac untuk potensial fungsi kotangen dengan potensial tensor tipe-Coulomb untuk simetri spin dan pseudospin diperoleh menggunakan polinomial Romanovski terbatas. Aproksimasi spektrum energi relativistik diperoleh secara eksak untuk simetri spin dan pseudospin. Fungsi gelombang radial diperoleh dalam bentuk polinomial Romanovski untuk keadaan simetri spin dan pseudospin. Potensial tensor tipe-Coulomb menghilangkan degenerasi doublet untuk kedua kasus simetri spin dan pseudospin. Pada batas non-relativistik, spektrum energi relativistik untuk kasus simetri spin eksak tereduksi menjadi spektrum energi non-relativistik.   Keywords: cotangent potential, Coulomb-type tensor, Dirac equation, pseudospin symmetry, Romanovski polynomials /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

The transformation of ( R)-(+)-citronellal to isopulegols and menthols in a one-pot reaction was improved using a zeolite catalyst. The one-pot transformation of ( R)-(+)-citronellal was studied through a Ni/ZnBr 2/β-zeolite catalyst. The Ni/ZnBr 2/β-zeolite catalyst was prepared by impregnating 15% ZnBr 2 (w/w) and 15% Ni (w/w) on β-zeolite. The addition of Ni to the ZnBr 2/β-zeolite catalyst resulted in a useful bifunctional catalyst that combined a high rate of cyclization of citronellal to isopulegols over ZnBr 2 sites and subsequent hydrogenation to menthol over Ni sites. These catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffractom eter (XRD) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive Xray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). Catalytic reactions were carried out at 120 oC with magnetic stirring unde r a 1 atm nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h (cyclization reaction) and maintained under a 1 atm hydrogen atmosphere for 4 h (hydrogenation reaction). Products of the reaction were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GCMS) and gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that the Ni/ZnBr 2/β-zeolite catalyst can transform ( R)-(+)citronellal to isopulegols and menthols in a one-po t transformation, with a selectivity to isopulegols of 73.8% and selectivity to menthols of 6.40%.

  Corn has the potential to be converted into flour, but its hard endosperm causies it to have a coarse particle size, and consequently, corn flour has high crude fiber , low protein, and high moisture . To overcome these problems, the milling of corn grain can be done by steeping it in water. The steeping process causes spontaneous growth of microbes, such as lactid acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria. The use of lactid acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria in the steeping process can soften the horny endosperm , which can enable corn grits to be ground into fine flours and which can improve the chemical properties of flour passed through an 80mesh sieve. This study aimed to obtain isolates of indigenous lactid acid bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria from the corn steeping process, and to apply them as a starter in the steeping process of corn grits to improve the fine flour yield, and the chemical properties of flour passed through an 80-mesh sieve . Isolate E2213BAL was the lactid acid bacteria selected as the highest optical density at the logarithmic phase, while isolate B2121SLT was the cellulolytic bacteria with the highest enzyme activity (4.67 mU/ml). The results showed that the use of bacteria starter and fermentation time can decrease pH , increase total acid in the fermentation liquid, decrease the crude fiber, maintain protein, and decrease the moisture of corn flour passed through an 80-mesh sieve.     Abstrak   Penggunaan Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Bakteri Selulolitik untuk Memperbaiki Sifat Kimia Tepung Jagung. Jagung merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai salah satu produk bahan pangan berupa tepung. Proses pengolahan jagung menjadi tepung memiliki kendala karena biji jagung memiliki bagian endosperm yang keras ( horny endosperm ), sehingga tepung yang dihasilkan memiliki ukuran partikel yang besar, selain itu tepung jagung yang beredar masih memiliki kadar serat yang rendah, kadar protein yang rendah, dan kadar air yang tinggi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, maka pada proses pengolahan jagung menjadi tepung, perlu adanya tahap perendaman. Perendaman menyebabkan pertumbuhan mikrob secara spontan, diantaranya adalah bakteri asam laktat dan selulolitik. Bakteri asam laktat bersama bakteri selulolitik mampu melunakkan bagian biji jagung sehingga memudahkan pada saat penggilingan menjadi tepung. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh isolat bakteri asam laktat dan bakteri selulolitik dari proses perendaman grits jagung secara spontan, dan menggunakannya sebagai starter pada proses perendaman grits jagung untuk meningkatkan rendemen tepung, dan memperbaiki sifat kimia tepung lolos 80 mesh . Bakteri asam laktat terpilih adalah isolat E2213BAL yang memiliki optical density terbesar pada fase logaritmik sedangkan bakteri selulolitik terpilih adalah isolat B2121SLT yang memiliki aktivitas enzim dan aktivitas spesifik enzim selulase tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bakteri starter dan waktu fermentasi dapat menurunkan pH, meningkatkan total asam pada cairan fermentasi, menurunkan kadar serat kasar, mempertahankan kadar protein, dan menurunkan kadar air tepung jagung lolos 80 mesh .   Keywords: cellulolytic bacteria, corn flour, lactid acid bacteria, steeping Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}

Air consists of such microorganisms as bacteria, fu ngi, and viruses. Exposure to these airborne bacter ia indoors may cause infectious and noninfectious adverse health e ffects. However, the sources and origins of bacteri a are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to isolate an d identify the bacteria present in the air inside s wiftlet houses located in Kota Samarahan, Saratok, Betong, Maludam, Miri, Kuching, Semarang, Sepinang, Sarikei, and Sibu in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 100 bacterial isolates from 20 samples were collected from swiftlet houses. The b acteria present in the air were collected using Plate Count Agar. Two plates were exposed at the front and back inside sw iftlet houses for 15 sec and then incubated at 37 ± 1 o C for 24 h. The 16S rRNA analysis method was used to identify the isolates from the samples. The air inside the swiftlet houses had a total mean airborne bacteria colony count of 2.0 2 ± 0.72 log 10 cfu/m 2 /sec; the highest was in Miri (3.08 ± 0.29 log 10 cfu/m 2 /sec), and the lowest was in Sibu (1.05 ± 0.85 log 10 cfu/m 2 /sec). Twenty-seven bacteria species were identifie d, and Lysinibacillus sp. B4 (16%) was most frequently isolated.

Antimicrobial active substances produced by endophytic actinomycetes were isolated and purified. Plant samples were obtained from four different medicinal plants namely Curcuma domestica, Phaleria macrocarpa, Isotoma longiflora, and Symplocos cocchinensis. Isolation of actinomycetes was conducted using HV agar with the addition of cycloheximide, nystatin, nalidixic acid, and rifamycin. A total of 21 actinomycete isolates were obtained and tested for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 66923. Among the isolates, isolate KY01 was the most active to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Morphological observation and identification using 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate KY01 was similar to Streptomyces antibioticus. An active compound from the isolate KY01 was produced using yeast peptone medium. The active compound was purified using silica-gel-column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A single peak of the active compound was detected with HPLC and LCMS, which showed a retention time of 26.6 min and molecular weight (MW) 906.4474 g/mol, respectively.

The costs of geothermal exploration are very high because technology is still imported from other countries. The local business players in the geothermal sector do not have the ability to compete with global companies. To reduce costs, we need to develop our own equipment with competitive prices. Here in Indonesia, we have started to design a prototype of temperature logging tools for geothermal prospecting areas. This equipment can be used to detect temperature versus depth variations. To measure the thermal gradient, the platinum resistor temperature sensor is moved slowly down along the borehole. The displacement along the borehole is measured by a rotary encoder. This system is controlled by a 16-bit H8/3069F microcontroller. The acquired temperature data is displayed on a PC monitor using a Python Graphical User Interface. The system has been already tested in the Gunung Pancar geothermal prospect area in Bogor.

Identification of the genus Cercospora is still complicated due to the host preferences of ten being used as the main criteria to propose a new name. We determined the r elationship between host plants and multilocus sequ ence variations (ITS rDNA including 5.8S rDNA, elongation factor 1-α, and calmodulin) in Cercospora spp. to investigate the host specificity. We used 53 strains of Cercospora spp. infecting 12 plant families for phylogenetic analysis. The sequences of 23 strains of Cercospora spp. infecting the plant families of Asteraceae , Cucurbitaceae , and Solanaceae were determined in this study. The sequences of 30 strai ns of Cercospora spp. infecting the plant families of Fabaceae , Amaranthaceae , Apiaceae , Plumbaginaceae , Malvaceae , Cistaceae , Plantaginaceae , Lamiaceae , and Poaceae were obtained from GenBank. The molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of Cercospora species lack host specificity, and only C. zinniicola , C. zeina , C. zeae -maydis , C. cocciniae , and C. mikaniicola were found to be host-specific. Closely related species of Cercospora could not be distinguished using molecular analyse s of ITS, EF, and CAL gene regions. The topology of the phylogenetic tree based on the CAL gene showed a better topo logy and Cercospora species separation than the trees developed based on the ITS rDNA region or the EF gene.

The assessment of the morphology and stingray species distribution of the Himantura uarnak species complex covers eight sampling sites in western and eastern Indones ia as many as 113 individuals. The observation of t he reticulate pattern was accomplished by directly checking the d orsal side of the stingrays, and growth observation s also carried out. The distribution patterns were analyzed using the p rincipal component analysis (PCA), while the growth patterns were evaluated using correlation analyses. The reticulat ion patterns of the H. uarnak species complex were highly variable, and the distribution patterns based on the morpholo gical parameters, species, and sex produced four gr oups. The distribution of the length frequency of H. undulata and H. uarnak showed a range of different sizes. The body length of the female in the western region is relatively long er than the male, while in the eastern region the f emale revealed a range in relative size showing that the male was lo nger than the female. The length-weight relationshi ps of the stingrays were negative allometric, indicating a b-value of l ess than 3. The b-values of both the male and femal e H. undulata were 1.5860 and 0.4380, respectively; while the mal e and female H. uarnak were 0.2956 and 0.4376, respectively.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Abstract   Salinity is one of a number of abiotic stresses that threaten rice production in Indonesia. To support food security programs, BB-Biogen has developed rice lines derived from OsDREB1A transformed Ciherang up to BC4F2 and BC5F1 generations. To verify the salinity tolerance and the stability of transgene integration, the BC4F2 and BC5F1 generations of Ciherang- OsDREB1A transgenic were screened to select high-salinity tolerant lines . Second, molecular analysis using the primers hptII -F/ hptII -R and 35S-496-F/ OsDREB1A -R was conducted to identify the existence and the stability of the transgene integration in the BC4F2 and BC5F1 generations. Screening 543 BC4F2 and BC5F1 Ciherang- OsDREB1A transgenic lines in a nutrient solution with a final electrical conductivity (EC) of approximately 18 mS/cm for 26 days yielded 134 putative transgenic plants. Integration analysis using the hptII -F/ hptII -R primers showed that 73 of the 134 putative transgenic plants had positive PCR products, indicating the presence of the transgene in those plants. All the 73 plants also produced PCR products when tested with the specific primer 35S-496-F/ OsDREB1A -R, indicating that transgene integration was maintained during the development of BC4F2 and BC5F1.     Abstrak   Penapisan dan Analisis Integrasi Padi ( Oryza sativa L.) Ciherang Transgenik OsDREB1A Generasi BC4F2 dan BC5F1 untuk Toleransi Salinitas Tinggi. Salinitas merupakan salah satu cekaman abiotik yang mengancam produksi padi di Indonesia.   Dalam rangka mendukung program ketahanan pangan, BB-Biogen telah melakukan pengembangan varietas padi Ciherang - OsDREB1A toleran salinitas hingga generasi BC 4 F 2 dan BC 5 F 1 . G enerasi BC 4 F 2 dan BC 5 F 1 Ciherang - OsDREB1A selanjutnya memerlukan penapisan untuk menyeleksi tanaman yang menunjukkan sifat toleran terhadap salinitas tinggi. Kedua, analisis molekuler menggunakan primer hptII -F/ hptII -R dan primer 35S-496-F/ OsDREB1A -R untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan dan kestabilan integrasi transgen pada generasi BC4F2 dan BC5F1 . Hasil penapisan salinitas terhadap BC 4 F 2 dan BC 5 F 1 Ciherang- OsDREB1A pada larutan hara dengan EC akhir berkisar 18 mS/cm selama 26 hari telah berhasil menyeleksi 134 individu putatif transgenik dari total 543 tanaman uji . Hasil analisis integrasi menggunakan primer hptII menujukkan 73 dari 134 tanaman putatif transgenik positif membawa gen hptII . Seluruh 73 tanaman tersebut juga menghasilkan produk PCR ketika diuji menggunakan primer spesifik 35S-496-F/ OsDREB1A -R, mengindikasikan kestabilan integrasi transgen tetap terjaga selama pengembangan BC4F2 & BC5F1 .   Keywords: integration, OsDREB1A gene, rice ( Oryza sativa L .), salinity screening, transgenic  

This study reports the modification of the preparat ion method of Fe 3O4 nanoparticles, which consists of two stages, beginning with the destruction and separation of ir on ore from ironstone. Then, the Fe 3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized using the coprecipitation method with magnetite (Fe 3O4). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, a readily available chemical, was introduced in varying amounts into the reaction s. The ratio of Fe 3O4 powder and PEG 4000 is 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, respectively, and the effects of the PEG 4000 on th e morphology, crystalline size, and magnetic proper ties of the products were studied. It was shown that the partic le and crystalline sizes decreased when the concent ration of PEG 4000 increased. Additionally, the smallest Fe 3O4 nanoparticles were around 50-60 nm, and semispherical nanoparticles were formed. The reduction of the crystalline size with the increase in PEG 4000 was shown by using XRD patterns, with the crystalline size being about 30 nm at a ra tio of 1:5 Fe 3O4 and PEG 4000, respectively. The hysteresis loop showed low coercivity, indicating that all products were soft magnetic.