The aim of the present study is to conduct a trauma and disability survey in amateur boxers and show the actual conditions of injuries based on the current situations. We have obtained 663 valid responses from male and female boxers. In the questionnaire survey who was carried out on a Web questionnaire form. The questions involve that Face Sheet (gender, height, weight, athletic experience, etc.) and prepared 10 questions about trauma and impairment, 7 questions with concussion or damage on head. and, set 11 self-evaluations, which the boxers assessed their boxing skills. The subjects include amateur boxers who are all high school students (15 years old) and retired boxers. We had analyzed relation between the skills and the injuries. And, main outcome was that make a measure to setting whether or not questionnaires have been knockout (KO) as a variable, we applied a method of multiple logistic regression analysis. Moreover, as for the group who got KO in the past, we have also applied multiple regression analysis by using stepwise regression to factors affecting numbers of symptoms. The number of hits they experienced was smaller in international tournament matches, and the odds rate for KO was 0.669. And, KO experience group was compared with non-KO experience group, and the factors influencing the number of severity symptoms were examined. As a result, 2 factors were selected what "Seriousness in practice" and "Fighting spirit in games". It might be possible that the relation between the experience of being KO and self-assessment of boxing performance.

Abstract Background: The workload of public health nurses (PHNs) working for local governments has been increasing as health issues become more diverse and complicated. Amidst the ongoing administrative and fiscal reforms, however, making it imperative to find out how to implement projects effectively and efficiently. The objective of this research was to elucidate the actual conditions of best practice/policy transfer (BPT) and analyze related factors. Methods: An anonymous postal and self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among PHNs working at 334 sites, including the local government offices and health centers across Japan, and analysed through statistical analysis. Results: One hundred eighty-five of the 334 institutions (55.4%) agreed to participate, and of the 966 questionnaire forms distributed, 709 forms (73.4%) were collected, of which 702 responses (72.7%) were valid. Although less than half (43.2%) have experience in BPT in project development, more than 80% are willing to act going forward. Significant factors for both the group with experience in BPT and the group with willingness to act include an organizational culture that promotes transfer, as well as multiple elements of the workplace environment and facilitating factors related to knowledge and learning. The experienced group recognised the needs for criteria to evaluate the adaptability of best practice/policy, while the willing group, to evaluate the quality of practice/policy. Conclusions: Through a nationwide survey, this research elucidated for the first time the actual conditions of BPT by PHNs in Japan and related factors. The results indicated the importance of developing a system to promote BPT at the workplace level, also highlighted the importance for practitioners and experts, including researchers, to work together to develop practical guidelines. Urgent actions are needed to develop a system to promote BPT from diverse perspectives, building on the findings of this research.

In 2020, Japan started a new English curriculum in which English classes began from grade 5, based on the latest edition of the Course of Study (the guideline produced by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT). The objectives of this research paper are to examine seven sets of newly published English textbooks’ reading and listening sections to learn about their specific features, as well as their difficulty levels. The result demonstrates that in all seven sets of textbooks, the listening sections have far more volume of content than the reading sections. The readability tests indicate that the reading sections contain higher levels of sentences, which contradicts the authors’ initial impression. However, a careful study of the use of past tense verbs and prepositions in each section demonstrates that there are more prepositions in all seven sets of textbooks in the listening sections. The results indicate that past tense verbs and prepositions can be effective benchmarks to measure the readability level of these newly published English textbooks.

PurposeMore than 70% of public health nurses in Japan belong to government agencies, and there is a need for further evidence-based capacity development for program implementation. The purpose of this research was to develop an Implementation Degree Assessment Sheet (IDAS) by customizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to health programs in Japan.MethodsThe draft IDAS (five domains, 31 constructs) created by customizing the CFIR was refined by the researchers and modified through pre-testing. The survey covered full-time public health nurses (PHNs) affiliated to all prefectures and the cities with health centers of Japan. The survey was conducted as an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey by mail.ResultsOne hundred eighty-five of the 334 institutions (55.4%) agreed to participate in our survey. Of the 966 questionnaire forms distributed, 709 forms (73.4%) were collected, of which 702 responses (72.7%) were valid. No item required consideration of deletion based on the results of item analysis, and our confirmatory factor analysis on model fitness between the five IDAS domains and CFIR showed sufficient fit indices after modification. With regard to reliability, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, a measure of internal consistency, stayed above 0.8 overall. Our verification of stability with the split-half (odd/even) method resulted in a Spearman–Brown reliability coefficient of 0.95. The correlation coefficient between the IDAS scores and the research utilization competency score, used as an external criterion, was 0.51 (p<0.001), supporting the coexistence validity of the criterion-related validity of the IDAS. The significant differences were observed between known-groups, supporting the known-group validity of the IDAS.ConclusionThis study developed the IDAS and confirmed constant reliability and validity. Hereafter, it is necessary to promote the required capacity development based on the actual degree of implementation in order to use the IDAS for the competency development of public health nurses and related professions to deliver health programs.

As Japan starts English education at the primary level in 2020, the study looks at three sets of English textbooks for the primary level through quantitative analyses. The objective of the study is to find specific features of each textbooks through quantitative analyses, because quantitative studies are known to be useful objective information which qualitative studies often fail to miss. The vocabulary-size analysis shows the following. First, Crown Jr. textbooks have the largest vocabulary size, second, the Correspondence Analysis shows that Crown Jr. textbooks seem to contain some Jr. high school level grammar, and third, Grade 5 textbooks of Junior Sunshine and New Horizon Elementary focus on the alphabets, singing and chanting, and school life; that Grade 6 textbooks of New Horizon Elementary and Junior Sunshine have materials on international foods and culture, and that both grade 5 and 6 textbooks of Crown Jr. contain more third-person sentences. The study believes these findings would provide useful information for those who are engaged in primary and secondary English education in Japan.

In spite of the decreasing population of teenagers in Japan, the university entrance exams continue to be one of the toughest events where their intelligence is tested, which include their competency level of English. However, very few researches have conducted on English exams. This study is a part of the continuous study the researchers have started in 2017, which studied the English entrance exams of eight national universities. They were selected from the list according to the T-score; two schools from 4 levels. The current study added the results of 2018 exams of the same universities. Upon digitalizing their English exams, the researchers first measured their readability levels using Ozasa-Fukui Year Level. They also performed Correspondence Analysis to study the interrelations among the nine exams. All eight exams are measured to be 7 th year or higher by Ozasa-Fukui Year Level, which is created to measure English level according to the 6 years in the secondary school system in Japan. The correspondence analysis produced 7 dimensions. However, due to the unexpectedly high value of one exam, the other seven exams’ interrelations became obscured; we have decided to perform another analysis without that particular exam. Its results showed that the seven exams could be categorized according to “business and culture” and “family.” The researchers further employed Cluster Analysis to study all seven dimensions produced by Correspondence Analysis, which showed that Kyoto18 and Hokkaido18 have strong ties with each other. We believe this study has given us a definite starting point for the research on the university entrance exams in Japan. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.6.2

This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the features of twelve Japanese historical fifth-year English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) textbooks (Book-5) and their current counterpart by using correspondence analysis, and to compare the results with those of the correspondence analyses of the first- and third-year EFL textbooks (Book-1 and Book-3). The following were the obtained results. First, the correspondence analysis results proved capable of differentiating quantitatively the features of the textbooks dealt with. Second, the explaining categories were explained 84.4 percent by four dimensions: speech-oriented (+) vs. exposition-oriented (-) discourse (Dim 1), easy (+) vs. difficult (-) texts (Dim 2), variety-rich (+) vs. variety-poor (-) (Dim 3), and teacher-assistance (+) vs. non-teacher-assistance (Dim 4). Third, the similarities/differences of the thirteen Book-5 textbooks were explained by the categories similar to but slightly different from the Book-1 and Book-3 results up to the fourth dimension. Finally, the results of the present correspondence analysis were graphically represented by (1) two-dimensional coordinate representation covering only Dim 1 and Dim 2 and (2) cluster-analysis-based dendrogram covering all the features of twelve dimensions specified. On the former, only Sunshine-5 and Seisoku-5 were distinctively different from the other textbooks, which proved the correspondence analysis map comprised of Dim 1 and Dim 2 to contribute to differentiating their inter-relationships, while on the latter, the same two textbooks were also distinctively different from the others. This could suggest the two textbooks should be closely examined from the qualitative perspective as well as the quantitative one. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.12.6 Â