The main aim of this study is to show – on the basis of teachers’ narratives – the consequences that a teacher’s succumbing to symbolic violence in the educational field has on the student. This goal is accompanied by the need to highlight how the surveyed teachers describe the logic of the operation of this field, how they see their own position in it and what they perceive as their obligations related to it, all of which influences the way the students function within it.

The article focuses on the educational leadership of the school principal. This issue is particularly important in an era of intense changes in the world that create new challenges that modern schools must face. The currently observed social, economic and cultural phenomena and processes affect new expectations towards the teacher, related to their openness to these changes and the readiness to face them. This will only be possible under appropriate conditions created by the school principal, whose roles and tasks have also evolved. The main direction of these changes is the transition from the administrative management of the school-institution to the model of the principal as an educational leader. The process of educational leadership is particularly important in school practice, where the main task is to create conditions for the development and operation of teachers and build the culture of a learning organization.

artykule autorka omawia zagadnienie przekładu intersemiotycznego w akademickiej edukacji polonistycznej. Jest to problematyka istotna zarówno z teoretycznego, jak i praktycznego punktu widzenia, ponieważ wiedza o nowatorskich metodach i różnych sztukach interpretacji tekstów literackich jest niezwykle ważnym zagadnieniem obecnym zarówno w edukacji polonistycznej w szkole, jak i w nauczaniu akademickim, zwłaszcza wśród studentów kierunków pedagogicznych. W artykule opisano realizację projektu przeprowadzonego na zajęciach akademickich z przedmiotu: podstawy i metodyka edukacji polonistycznej w klasach I–III wśród studentów kierunków pedagogicznych – przyszłych nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej. W pierwszej części opracowania zaprezentowano opisywaną metodę w ujęciu różnych teoretyków i badaczy literatury. W drugiej z kolei przedstawione zostały różne formy pracy z tekstem literackim, realizowane metodą przekładu intersemiotycznego przez studentów edukacji wczesnoszkolnej w ramach zajęć akademickich. Zadbano o to, by opracowany projekt uwzględniał realizację programu akademickiego, a jednocześnie rozwijał kreatywność u przyszłych nauczycieli edukacji wczesno-szkolnej. Wprowadzone na zajęciach różnorodne formy ćwiczeń wykorzystujące metodę przekładu intersemiotycznego dowiodły, jak bardzo przyszli pedagodzy potrzebują nowych inspiracji, by nie utknąć w schematach i rutynie, które mogą negatywnie oddziaływać na proces kształcenia. Opisane formy metody przekładu intersemiotycznego mogą się stać strategią postępowania dydaktycznego sprzyjającą rozwijaniu kreatywności, wyobraźni i wrażliwości oraz zachęcającą przyszłych nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej do podejmowania rozmaitych przejawów aktywności, które będą uatrakcyjniały lekcję.

The article outlines in a synthetic way the idea of the creative school. Its understanding is presented in the context of some of the pedagogical concepts from the 1930s as well as contemporary approaches in Polish and world pedagogy. The features of a school supporting the creativity of students and teachers are highlighted. The concept of building a culture of creativity in school is presented, included in a discussion of the philosophy of change and development of the school as a learn-ing organization. The dialogical nature of activities undertaken in the educational environment by ethically engaged partici-pants of educational processes is emphasized as well as the role of the teacher as an authorized creator of the culture of creativ-ity, who reflects on his/her professional activity, perceives the school as a place for students’ development and realization of their own potential, and appreciates the thinking and creative actions of students and colleagues. The article also indicates the specific features of a culture conducive to creativity in school, enabling the learning of creativity and creative learning, as well as shaping creative life orientations of students and teachers.

The article presents theoretical considerations and empirical analyses – based on research conducted among 5–6-year-old preschool children and pupils of early school education (Grades 1–3 of elementary school) – dealing with the issue of the difficult task of illustrating movement in drawings by children. The analysis of 1,471 drawings proved that the children examined by the author generally created pictures which lack in dynamics (51.3%). However, they occasionally undertake to express motion, their attempts being more or less successful. They most frequently do this through drawing bent limbs, different placements of the body, sometimes by application of different sizes of silhouettes or may suggest movement by the use of an arrow, stroke or a streak meant to stress the dynamic character of the situation. Among the less frequently used means, there are representation of a figure in profile, from the side and by bending the trunk of the human body. The research proved also that the sex is a factor which varies the skill of expressing movement in drawings – girls, generally, coping with the task with more expertise than boys. The comparison between the skill of illustrating motion typical of contemporary children and that reported on by researchers in the past points to the fact that today’s children more often undertake to illustrate motion in their pictures than their counterparts examined, for instance, by Stefan Szuman or Bolesław Hornowski about 90 and 50 years ago, respectively. On the whole, technical difficulties do not pose a serious problem for a child attempting self-expression through drawing – he or she will find a way to somehow illustrate movement.