Patriarchal structures have historically relegated women to subordinate positions, prompting the emergence of feminist movements that contest these norms and advocate for gender equality. The Instagram account @Magdaleneid functions as a digital platform that consistently addresses feminism, social justice, and human rights from an intersectional and educational standpoint. This study employs Teun A. van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis, focusing on the dimensions of text, social cognition, and social context. Data collection involved observation, literature review, and documentation of @Magdaleneid posts exemplifying feminist representation. This study identified three primary dimensions that influence feminist representation. The text dimension analyzed linguistic structures in posts, including narratives that contest patriarchal authority and hashtags such as #MeToo and #PerempuanBersuara. The social cognition dimension encompassed the perspectives of both the account administrator and the audience with a focus on gender equality and critique of sexual violence, particularly in high-profile cases involving women. The social context dimension demonstrated how @Magdaleneid’s posts affect patriarchal culture in Indonesia and illustrate the role of social media in feminist advocacy. The account regularly addresses issues such as femicide, women’s reproductive rights, and solidarity campaigns, providing alternative narratives that challenge prevailing perceptions of women.

This study examines the execution of deradicalization programs for former terrorist offenders in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, concentrating on three fundamental pillars: rehabilitation, social reintegration, and education. Using a qualitative desk research method, the analysis uses secondary data from government policy papers, institutional reports, and academic literature. The results show that there are still structural problems, such as inadequate institutional support, collaboration within sectors, and help after release. Social reintegration continues to be obstructed by enduring stigma and the lack of effective community empowerment initiatives, while rehabilitative and educational solutions frequently employ standardized methods that do not consider local socio-cultural circumstances. This study’s uniqueness stems from its examination of deradicalization implementation in a non-central, underresearched area, emphasizing the disparity between national policy formulation and local execution capabilities. By proposing a decentralized, participatory, and contextsensitive methodology, this research enhances the literature on counterterrorism and policy implementation in peripheral regions. The study supports a cohesive deradicalization strategy rooted in community-oriented social resilience to guarantee enduring reintegration results.

Family well-being remains a key area of focus due to its crucial role in adolescent development. Adolescence represents a transitional stage to adulthood, marked by the formation of self-identity, autonomy, and emotional stability. Within this context, adolescents’ perceptions of their family environment play an important role in shaping their psychological well-being and overall mental health. This study aims to explore adolescents’ perceptions of family well-being. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, involving 122 adolescents aged 15–18 years from a high school in Jambi City. Participants were selected through purposive random sampling based on criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data were collected using the Family Well-being scale. The findings indicate that, according to adolescents’ perceptions, family well-being predominantly falls within the moderate to high range. These results provide valuable insights intro adolescents’ attitudes toward family dynamics and can serve as a foundation for developing youth-friendly interventions.

This study examines the dynamic interaction between Islamic law principles and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in the juvenile criminal justice system, with a comparative study focusing on Indonesia, Iran, and Pakistan. Islamic law, through the concepts of bulugh and Ta’zir, aims at the correction and improvement (ishlah) of minors. The CRC, on the other hand, sets a standard age of 18 years, prohibits the death penalty/life imprisonment, and encourages rehabilitation, diversion, and non-custodial treatment. Using descriptive-comparative and analytical-normative legal methods, the study analyzes the laws and practices of the three countries. The results show significant variations: Indonesia has been relatively successful in integrating the values of the CRC and Islamic Law in the 2012 Juvenile Justice Act, prioritizing diversion and training. In contrast, Iran faces serious conflict because the Shia interpretation allows hudud and qisas punishments for children under 18, leading to executions in contravention of the CRC. Pakistan, despite having progressive legislation ( JJSA 2018) in line with the CRC, has shown poor implementation, characterized by inconsistent definitions of children, inhumane treatment by authorities, minimal diversion, and poor conditions of excluded facilities. The discussion underlines that harmonization of these two legal frameworks is highly dependent on flexible interpretation and effective implementation. As a suggestion, Indonesia needs to continue to improve the SPPA Law. Iran should reform its laws to abolish the death penalty for children and align the age of responsibility. Pakistan urgently needs drastic improvements in standardizing the definition of children, improving remote conditions, and training law enforcement officers to realize comprehensive child rights protection.

Restitution is a form of restoration of victims’ rights that is starting to receive serious attention in the Indonesian criminal law system, especially in cases of sexual violence. So far, legal attention has focused more on perpetrators of crimes, while the restoration of victims’ rights has not been fully accommodated optimally. This research aims to analyze the procedures for implementing restitution and its urgency for victims of sexual violence based on Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS). The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and legal literature as the main data sources. The research results show that the TPKS Law clearly stipulates the obligation of restitution as part of criminal decisions, both against individuals and corporations. Restitution includes compensation for the victim’s material and immaterial losses, as well as medical and psychological treatment costs. The security confiscation and asset auction mechanisms are regulated to ensure legal certainty regarding the implementation of restitution. If the perpetrator is unable to pay, the state is obliged to provide compensation according to the verdict. However, in practice, law enforcement officials often ignore the inclusion of restitution in demands or decisions. Fulfilling restitution in the future requires the active role of prosecutors in demanding restitution, as well as full support from the justice system to make restitution an inseparable part of substantive justice for victims of sexual violence.

This study examines the punishment of perpetrators of violent theft based on social justice, with the focus on Decision Number: 470/Pid.B/2024/PN.Mtr. The main issues raised are how the punishment process is applied, what are the weaknesses and solutions, and how judges consider making decisions. Indonesia as a country of law upholds the principles of justice and the supremacy of law, but crime, including violent theft, is still a serious challenge due to social pathologies such as economic inequality and lack of legal awareness. This study uses a normative juridical method with a descriptive analysis approach, collecting data from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through literature studies and document studies. Data are analyzed qualitatively with deductive logic. The results of the study show that the judge’s decision tends to be formalistic and retributive, paying less attention to aspects of victim restitution and the socio-economic background of the perpetrator. The obstacles include the lack of normative guidelines, social pressure, and the lack of alternative sanctions oriented towards restorative justice. The solution includes the implementation of comprehensive restitution, checking the social background of the perpetrator, and systematically integrating a restorative approach to realize substantive justice that is more humane and in line with social justice.

The development of the criminal justice system in Indonesia, which was previously implemented with a retributive system, has not been fully able to fulfill the sense of justice for the community. A policy was issued with a restorative justice system that is oriented towards justice, considering that victims of criminal acts can not only experience material losses but are very likely to experience immaterial losses. The definition of restorative justice is an effort to provide a restoration of relationships and redemption of mistakes that the perpetrator of the crime (his family) wants to do to the victim of the crime (his family) with peace efforts outside the court. The intent and purpose are that legal problems that arise as a result of the criminal act can be resolved properly by reaching an agreement between the parties so that there is no element of revenge. This research is a type of normative juridical research, with the specification of descriptive analysis research. It uses research methods obtained by researchers indirectly through intermediary media and using library techniques, in analyzing the formulation of the problem using the theory of law application and the theory of legal protection. Restorative justice is currently not only a concern of the police and the Attorney General’s Office, but also the Supreme Court and several agencies in the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. This can be seen from the issuance of a Joint Memorandum of Understanding between the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia, the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia, the Chief of Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 131/KMA/SKB/X/2012 Concerning the Implementation of the Application of Adjustments to the Limits of Minor Crimes, the Amount of Fines, Fast Examination Procedures, and the Application of Restorative Justice and Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2024 concerning Guidelines for Trying Criminal Cases Based on Restorative Justice. This requires special attention to the implementation of handling every criminal case that prioritizes restorative justice, because there is a conflict of norms in its application and handling since it is contrary to the Criminal Procedure Code. So, an ideal concept is needed in the criminal justice system in Indonesia, namely its handling by the law enforcement institution of the Attorney General’s Office.

The enforcement of criminal law concerning electronic transaction crimes in Indonesia faces multifaceted challenges, including normative, structural, and technological obstacles. Although legal frameworks such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Law No. 11 of 2008, as amended) and the new Indonesian Penal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) address certain aspects of cybercrime, these regulations fall short in responding to the evolving complexity and transnational nature of digital offenses. This paper argues that a comprehensive and systemic reform of the criminal justice system is urgently needed. Such reform must include the development of adaptive legal norms, enhancement of law enforcement digital capacities, improvement of inter-agency coordination, and the digital transformation of criminal judicial procedures. By adopting retributive, restorative, and distributive justice approaches, Indonesia can strengthen its legal resilience and ensure equitable access to justice in the digital era.

The right to immunity is a form of legal protection for advocates that guarantees that advocates as legal defenders cannot be prosecuted criminally, civilly, and administratively in carrying out their duties. However, several recent cases have highlighted the application of advocate immunity rights that show inconsistencies with the regulations. The research method used in this paper is normative juridical and data were collected through literature studies. The results of the study indicate that there is state recognition of the right to immunity for advocates through regulations in several laws and regulations. An example is the determination of a suspect by the Yogyakarta Regional Police against Meila, an advocate who was defending the rights of her client who was a victim of sexual violence, and questions regarding the limitations of the use of immunity rights in the case of Fredrich, former attorney for Setya Novanto who was involved in the e-KTP corruption case and was considered to have attempted to obstruct the investigation. These cases reflect the confusion of the concept of the application of immunity rights in Indonesia. This study aims to discuss the provisions of Indonesian law regarding the right to immunity for advocates and the role of immunity rights in supporting advocates in carrying out their professional responsibilities as law enforcers. In addition, this study examines the important role of immunity rights in supporting the legal process to run in an orderly manner in accordance

Procurement in the body of goods and services of the National Police is currently carried out electronically since the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions has been given broad legal space. E-procurement as an information system is a synergy between data, data processing machines (which usually include computers, application programs, and networks), and humans to produce information. This study uses a normative legal approach method with analytical descriptive research specifications. Secondary data comes from primary legal materials, secondary law, and tertiary law, as well as legal expert sources. Data collection through a mixed method between field data and literature. Data processing is carried out qualitatively, then conclusions are drawn using the inductive method. Research problems are analyzed using the theory of legal protection, theory of legal systems, and theory of legal certainty. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of the law on procurement of goods and services in the National Police in terms of the effectiveness of its legislation by referring to the organizational perspective on government procurement of goods and services and the role of supervisory institutions in government procurement of goods and services. The data collection was carried out by literature study with legal materials, namely laws and regulations. Data obtained from the literature study were qualitatively analyzed from an empirical perspective. The results of the study show that the law governing the procurement of goods and services has not provided sufficiently strict sanctions, leading to violations still occurring. But with the existence of e-procurement, procurement of goods and services has become more transparent.