The aims of this research is to evaluate the mental health status of women of reproductive age in Peniwen Village, Malang Regency, and to analyze factors that influence stress, anxiety, and depression, with the goal of promoting positive mental health behaviors. This research employed a quantitative, cross-sectional approac. There were 47 respondents involved in this research that accidentaly attended the local posyandu (integrated health post). Data were collected through structured questionnaires contains socio-demographic characteristics, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and perceived social support. The bivariate analysis was using chi-square and linear regression tests, while multivariate analysis was using multiple linear regression. Findings revealed that the prevalence of stress among the respondents was 10.6%, anxiety was 2.1%, and depression was 6.4%. From bivariate analysis, it was found that occcupation was significantly associated with anxiety (p=0.012), marital status also had significant relationships with both stress (p=0.002) and depression (p=0.000). Social support demonstrated a negative and significant influence on depression (t = -1.744; p= 0.088). Multivariate analysis showed that occupation, marital status, and social support were significant predictors of depression; age and social support were significant predictors of anxiety; and marital status significantly influenced stress levels. These results showed that occupational conditions, marital status, age, and social support had critical role in shaping mental health outcomes among women of reproductive age. Enhancing mental well-being and foster healthier behaviors in this population could be done by addressing these factors through targeted community-based interventions.

The family is the smallest unit in society and plays an important role in shaping the quality of human resources. Family quality is measured through the Family Development Index (IBangga), which consists of the dimensions of harmony, independence, and happiness. Among these, the independence dimension has the lowest achievement. This study aims to analyze the influence of independence indicators on the independent family index in Kenjeran District, Surabaya City, considering that the independence dimension in this area remains relatively low. This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample included 108 families with couples of reproductive age, selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire based on IBangga indicators, while data analysis utilized Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) within the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework using the AMOS application. The findings revealed that all indicators of family independence were statistically significant with a p-value of <0.001. Indicators with stronger influence included financial security, access to information, and family health, each showing factor loading values of ≥0.5. Conversely, indicators with relatively lower influence, but still contributing, were the fulfillment of basic needs and continuity of education, with factor loading values <0.3. Conclusion, efforts to strengthen family independence should focus on high-leverage indicators such as financial security, access to information, and family health. Nevertheless, indicators with lower leverage, including basic needs fulfillment and educational continuity, must not be overlooked, as they remain essential in supporting overall family independence.

The research compares the use of two projection methods, namely Arithmetic Geometric Curve (AGC) and Statistical Straight Line (SSL), in projecting the Human Development Index (HDI) in Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province. In human development planning, choosing the right projection method is important. HDI is a complex indicator, with its growth not always linear, and that comparing the AGC method, which is more flexible to changing trends, with the SSL method, which is simpler but based on linear assumptions, will give an overview of the accuracy of the projection. This study investigates three main indicators of HDI, namely health, education, and a decent standard of living, through several main variables such as Life Expectancy, Expected Years of Schooling, Average Years of Schooling, and Per Capita Expenditure. The results between the two projections are significantly different. The projection of the AGC is more optimistic with a sharper growth trend, while the projection in the SSL method tends to be more stable and consistent. The AGC method indicates faster target achievement results, while the SSL method provides more accurate, realistic estimates. Thus, the HDI projection for Sanggau Regency shows that with the more aggressive AGC method, the HDI target of 70 can be achieved in 2025, while the SSL method leads to achieving the target in 2027. This study can provide the basis for regional development planning by considering the accuracy and stability of projections in achieving sustainable development.

Unintended pregnancies are still a major global reproductive health issue since affecting the risk of maternal and child health. This study aims to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancies and its associated factors among women of childbearing age in East Java. We explored secondary data analysis from the most recent 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey. Frequency distribution tables and cross-tabulations were used to describe the participants characteristics. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to find the effect size of predictors on unintended pregnancies with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). All analysis were done using STATA version 17 with complex survey data design. This study revealed that the weighted prevalence of unintended pregnancies was 14.95% (95% CI: 13.47 – 16.42) among current married women. The main reasons of unintended pregnancies were living in urban areas (aOR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.05–1.77), from rich household wealth index (aOR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.17–2.83), and used electronic media (aOR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.21–2.75). Policies to reduce unintended pregnancies should prioritize married women in urban areas, particularly those who have good access to electronic media, and come from more prosperous households. The provision of accurate and standardized contraceptive information through digital-based family planning education, facilitated by qualified health communicators, plays a pivotal role in mitigating misinformation. BKKBN needs to encourage the optimization of the Kampung KB and Bangga Kencana programs to increase access to effective contraceptive methods, notably LARCs.

Family Planning (FP) is defined as an effort to regulate births, encompassing the establishment of ideal birth spacing and age, as well as the management of pregnancies. This is achieved by advancing, protecting, and developing reproductive rights to foster a high-quality family unit. Information on active family planning in Kupang City is still presented in tabular form. This information cannot yet be used to view detailed information on active family planning users by geography. The research employed a descriptive epidemiological approach using an ecological study design. The research sample was all individuals who utilized family planning services, totaling 22,703 people. Statistical data from 2022 indicates that the target for active FP users was not met, reaching only 39.7%. Among these users, the majority, 21,831 (96%), are female. The contraceptive method most commonly chosen is injections, which account for 12,360 (54%) of users. Those aged over 30 years constitute the largest age group, numbering 11,555 (50.9%). Additionally, the family planning policy shows that 12,327 individuals (54%) have fewer than two children.

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and one of the major health financing burdens in Indonesia. The Global Cancer Observatory reported 36,633 new cases of cervical cancer in Indonesia in 2020, with mortality rates on the rise. The primary cause, accounting for 99.7% of cases, is the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV vaccination was expanded as a national program through the School Immunization Month in 2023. However, evaluations reveal ongoing parental resistance, preventing vaccination coverage targets from being met. The purpose of this study is to identify related factors to parental perceptions toward the acceptance or rejection of HPV vaccination. This research uses quantitative methods. Data analysis was carried out by displaying quantitative statistical results using the Chi Square SPSS test from 100 respondents. As a result, no association was found between the Health Believe Model (HBM) theory among parents and the vaccination status of elementary school female student aged 11-12 years in Surabaya. There are other factors that may influence the confidentiality of protection against the HPV vaccine, such as misinformation, the influence of social norms, and the level of trust in the government health system. In addition, further research is needed to investigate and explore other factors outside the Health Belief Model theory that may be involved in HPV vaccination coverage.

The decline in reproductive intention among urban young women, as reflected in Indonesia’s Total Fertility Rate decreasing to 1.96 in 2024, illustrates a broader demographic transition. This phenomenon necessitates a conceptual shift beyond demographic explanations, urging the inclusion of sociopsychological dimensions in understanding reproductive intentions. This study aims to analyze the influence of perceived anomie, ecological attitudes, and family readiness on reproductive intention. A survey was conducted among 336 young women in the Greater Jakarta area (Jabodetabek) using a voluntary sampling approach and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that reproductive intention is relatively low. Family readiness was found to strengthen reproductive intention, whereas higher levels of perceived anomie and ecological attitudes reduced it. Conversely, perceived anomie increased ecological attitudes, and ecological attitudes positively influenced family readiness. These findings suggest that women with a high level of ecological awareness tend to demonstrate readiness for long-term relationships, yet simultaneously develop hesitancy toward reproductive decisions in the context of perceived ecological crisis and anomie. Strengthening interventions that support family readiness among young women is essential, particularly through approaches that are responsive to social uncertainty and integrative of sustainability values in reproductive planning processes.

Measuring birth weight in low resource settings is problematic. Mothers' perception of newborn's size is often used as a proxy. This study examines the correlation between weight measured at birth and the mother's perception of her child's size and compare the determinants of low birth weight (LBW) and small birth size using both measures. This study analyzed the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey data and examined the list of determinants associated with birth weight. There was a strong correlation between newborn's weight measured at birth and mother's perception of birth size and a high agreement between LBW and perceived small birth size. Both measures, birth order was a significant child factor, and the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits was an important ANC factor. Maternal education was a significant socioeconomic determinant of LBW, while household wealth and improved household latrine were significant determinants of perceived birth size. Mother's perception of birth size can be used as a proxy measurement for a child's birth weight for programmatic purposes in low resource settings where birth weight was difficult to measure.

Failure to account for the underreporting of infectious disease cases distorts the understanding of infectious disease dynamics. Underreporting creates a false sense of security, allowing the disease to persist or resurge and undermining the effectiveness of public health interventions. This study aims to address underreporting and identify the underlying distribution that best describes the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Nigeria. A Time Series Regression Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (TSIR) model, incorporating Poisson, Gaussian, and Quasi-Poisson distributions with various link functions, was applied to weekly cumulative COVID-19 case data. This dataset spans from February 28, 2020, to July 3, 2022, and includes 110 weekly records. It was sourced from the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) through publicly available weekly epidemiological reports. Microsoft Office Excel 2016 was utilized to collate the database, and the NCDC’s online platform served as the primary data source. The data were divided into two sets: training data from February 28, 2020, to March 20, 2022, comprising 100 cases for modeling TSIR, and testing data from March 27, 2022, to July 3, 2022, encompassing 10 weekly cases for model performance evaluation. These research findings revealed that the reporting rate of COVID-19 data under study is about 35%, indicating underreporting. When accounting for underreporting, the transmission rate was reduced by approximately 0.15. The quasi-Poisson distribution with the log function was the best at describing the distribution of the incidence cases. The study established that the COVID-19 incidence cases in Nigeria are underreported and follow a quasi-Poisson distribution.

In general, the number of elderly people suffering from dementia is expected to increase. Dementia results in a decrease in the quality of life of sufferers so that it becomes a problem. This study aims to detect and identify factors that affect the decline in cognitive function that causes dementia in the elderly. This type of analytical research is conducted by the cross sectional research method. The population of this study is the elderly in Malang city, east Java, the sample size is 155 people with probability sampling technique using proportionate cluster random sampling. Data collection for the identification of cognitive aspects using instruments MMSE (Mini Mental Status Exam) instruments, data analysis using the Bier Logistic Regression test with SPSS20 for Windows. The results of the analysis showed the relationship between health status factors and the cognitive function of the elderly (p value 0.05). The results that some respondents as many as 105 people or 67,7% had normal cognitive function, and 50 respondents or 32.3% fell into the category of probable cognitive impairment. Conclusion were obtained that the decline in cognitive function in the elderly was caused by high blood pressure, smoking, having experienced a blow to the head, a sad mood, lack of exercise, lack of activity in social activities, difficulty sleeping, and prolonged illness and illness. The suggestion from the results of this study is that the elderly manage and prevent risk factors so that cognitive function does not decline so that dementia can be prevented.